His work “Fathers and Sons” Turgenev I.S. created at a time when questions about the abolition of serfdom were raised, at a time when disputes began between democrats and liberals. He guessed those temporary moods, like a true creator, when the type of democracy replaced the noble intelligentsia.

The author in the novel reveals a two-sided problem, which is immediately visible in the title of the work. The problems of generation are the first side, and the second is the inconsistency of liberalism and democracy. Bazarov and Kirsanov are the heroes of the novel, in theory they should be on the same side, but this did not happen.

When compiling characteristics of friends in his novel, Turgenev uses portraits and dialogue. The essence of philosophy and politics in disputes is especially conveyed in dialogues. The main conflict between Bazarov and Kirsanov can be seen precisely in the heated dialogue. The main difference in opinion between Evgeny and Arkady was the importance of a person. Since there was no mutual understanding between these people, their relationship cannot be called friendship. Subordination of one person to another is not friendship. Arkady is a weaker person by nature, so throughout the entire work his subordination to Bazarov is visible. However, over time, Kirsanov ceases to unquestioningly repeat and support the thoughts and aspirations of the nihilist and, having acquired his own opinion, begins to give out his thoughts.

A characteristic difference between the participants in the novel is visible in the behavior when they arrived at the estate of Arkady and his family. Bazarov studies nature, the best activity for him is work. He is entirely in favor of science, which should be accessible to ordinary people. A scientific worker, constantly experimenting, he will simply drown in his profession. Arkady, unlike Bazarov, is a slacker. He is completely different - weak, apathetic, lethargic. There is a liberal urgency in his image. Any important matter does not attract him in any way, no matter what he undertakes. For Kirsanov, the main thing is to have peace and, of course, comfort.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev slowly shows the difference in the worldviews of his “friends”, different views on worldly values ​​that occupy a fundamental place in life - such as love, nature, poetry... Arkady’s opposition to Bazarov’s views is increasingly noticeable. The “student” (Arkady) step by step leaves the control of the “Teacher”. The main difference between these heroes of the novel is their views on people. By his own admission, Bazarov has an aversion to many people, which cannot be said about Arkady, who has no hated enemies. One is soft-spoken, the second is rude and harsh. Knowing that his friend will no longer be an associate, Bazarov informs him that he is “a weakling with a gentle soul.” The “disciple” will not exist without principles. Arkady belongs to the older generation, to the era of the “fathers”. Therefore, in his judgment, he is close to his father, the liberal Pavel Petrovich.

You cannot evaluate the morals of “fathers” and “children”; there is both good and not so good, something contradictory in any generation. The only thing important to understand is that friends Evgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov, living in the same generation, cannot find mutual understanding. The era described is critical and complex; regardless of age, it divided the heroes into “fathers” and “children.”

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However, Turgenev shows a deep difference between the main character and his “students”. Such a “student” is Arkady Kirsanov. Unlike the commoner, Bazarov is a young man from a noble family. From the very first pages of the novel we see friends nearby. And right away the author makes it clear how much Arkady depends on his friend, but is far from being like him in everything.

Admiring nature in a conversation with his father, the son suddenly “casts an indirect glance back and falls silent.” Arkady is under the spell of the Senior Comrade’s personality, feels in him a wonderful, perhaps great, person, and delights in developing his ideas, shocking his uncle, Pavel Petrovich. But deep down, Arkady is completely different: he is not alien to poetry, tender feelings, and loves to “speak beautifully.” Nihilistic beliefs do not become his nature. Gradually, a conflict is brewing between the Friends, Arkady increasingly disagrees with his friend, but at first he does not dare to speak directly about it, more often he remains silent. Saying goodbye to Arkady, Bazarov gives an accurate assessment of the personality of his friend, emphasizing the differences between them: “You were not created for our bitter, tart, bourgeois life. You have neither insolence nor anger, but there is youthful courage and youthful enthusiasm, for our cause this is no good. Your noble brother cannot go further than noble humility or noble boiling...

but we want to fight..." In essence, Arkady is a "soft liberal barich." Bazarov's powerful negation of everything, dreams of fundamental changes in public life, the desire to "clear the place" are alien to him. Evgeny is consistent in his views, Sometimes he reaches the point of cynicism. Turgenev emphasizes that Arkady is offended by his friend’s cynical statements. And Kirsanov’s character requires constant dependence on someone. Previously, he obeyed Evgeniy, now - Failure befalls Evgeniy in his personal life - he fell in love with the landowner Odintsova. This love broke Bazarov. unsettled him, in the last chapters he is no longer the same as we knew him at the beginning of the novel.

Unhappy love leads Bazarov to a severe mental crisis. Everything falls out of his hands, and his infection itself seems not so random. Bazarov dies without having time to accomplish anything. Before death, which he meets simply and courageously, the hero seems to realize that his time has not yet come. Turgenev made him a heroic, noble person, but doomed to death. I believe that this novel will forever remain one of the most mysterious works of world literature, along with Griboyedov’s “Woe from Wit.”

These books reflect the eternal contradictions of human life - the maximalism of youth and worldly wisdom, uncompromisingness... Which is better? The answer to this is in eternity, in the calmness of “indifferent nature,” in the last, reconciling lines of the novel. Roman I. S.

Turgenev was written in the 60s of the last century. This is a novel about “new” people. I. S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" is about the conflict, the confrontation of the old generation with the Established system of moral principles, mores and the new with modern views, principles, ideals. The problem of the conflict between “fathers and children” has always existed, it is relevant at any time. Everything new introduced by the younger generation runs into a wall of misunderstanding. In our case, this is Bazarov’s confrontation with the older generation. Bazarov and Arkady became friends while studying at the university.

Bazarov was a convinced nihilist. Arkady's views and beliefs were formed under his influence. Arkady is not completely convinced of his idea; he tries to imitate Bazarov. Arkady wants to be the same as Bazarov, he wants to be like him, but internally he is not the nihilist that he pretends to be. Bazarov is ready to challenge his point of view to the end (as he does with Pavel Petrovich), and it is impossible to dissuade him of his views. Arkady is easy to convince of the incorrectness of his views.

Bazarov really understands what he believes in. Arkady does not understand the seriousness of their beliefs. He wants to be like his comrade. But Arkady cannot be similar due to an internal feature - character.

Bazarov has a strong, unshakable character, he is a free person, he is constant in the choice of his beliefs. Arkady's character is flexible and soft. He is easily influenced by others. Arkady is devoid of mental originality and constantly needs someone's intellectual support; in comparison with Bazarov, he seems like a youth not ready for independent life. Reverently before his teacher, Arkady gladly denies what Bazarov denies, submitting to his influence. Bazarov's attitude towards his friend reveals his character. He is Alone, on his own with his own thoughts and beliefs. Most often, he does not want to speak out, withdraws into himself and occasionally drops a word.

Arkady happily picks up the phrase expressed by Bazarov. Arkady doesn't love his friend either, he simply submits to the power of his mind. His attitude towards Bazarov is feigned. He simply got to know him, became interested in his principles, submitted to his power and imagined that he loved him from the bottom of his heart. And Bazarov is one of those people who loves to teach, educate, point out. The relationship between Bazarov and Arkady cannot be called friendship, they are mutually dependent, they need each other not as friends, but as teacher and student. Despite the fact that Bazarov and Arkady are friends and are united by a common idea, they are completely different people with different characters.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" was created at a time when the question of the abolition of serfdom was raised, when there were contradictions between liberals and democrats. After the release of the novel, a flurry of critical articles fell upon him. As a true artist and creator, Turgenev was able to guess the mood of his time, the emergence of a new type, the type of commoner democrat, who replaced the noble intelligentsia. The main problem posed by the writer in the novel is already heard in the title “Fathers and Sons.” This name has a double meaning. On the one hand, this is a problem of generations, an eternal problem of classical literature, on the other hand, a conflict between two socio-political forces operating in Russia in the 60s of the 19th century: liberals and democrats.

In I. S. Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" the main characters are Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov. The characters are grouped depending on which socio-political grouping we classify them as. But the fact is that the main character Evgeny Bazarov turns out to be the only representative of the camp of commoner democrats.

All other heroes are in the opposite camp. Bazarov is a new person, a representative of those young figures who “want to fight,” “nihilists.” He is for a new life and remains true to his convictions to the end. He is the main and only exponent of democratic ideology. Arkady Kirsanov also belongs to the political camp of the “fathers” in his views on life. True, he is sincerely interested in Bazarov’s theory, strives to imitate him and pretends to be the same nihilist as his friend. However, often forgetting about his “nihilism”, about his new role, Arkady reveals an ideological kinship with the “fathers”.

It is no coincidence that he defends them every now and then: in one chapter he tries to convince Bazarov that Pavel Petrovich is a “good man” and Nikolai Petrovich is a “golden man”. Bazarov is the enemy of abstract science, divorced from life. He is for science that would be understandable to the people. Bazarov laughs at his father’s medicine because it is behind the times. Bazarov is a worker of science, he is tireless in his experiments, completely absorbed in his favorite profession. Arkady is completely different, we feel that this person is somehow sluggish, weak, limited.

The image of Arkady reveals the failure of liberals. Arkady discovers his blood and ideological kinship with the liberals in a number of other places in the novel. When characterizing characters, Turgenev most often uses dialogue and portraits. Dialogue is the most suitable form for conveying the essence of the political and philosophical pores Occurring in the novel.

In an unusually sharp dialogue, the main conflict between Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov is revealed. “Your brother is a nobleman,” Bazarov says to Arkady, “can’t go beyond noble humility or noble boiling, and this is nothing. You, for example, don’t fight - and you already imagine yourself to be great, - but we want to fight.” He disagrees with Arkady in the main thing - in his idea of ​​​​life, about the purpose of man.

Their relationship cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. Throughout the entire novel, the subordination of a weak nature to a stronger one is observed: Arkady to Bazarov. Over time, Arkady acquires his own opinion and no longer blindly repeats Bazarov’s judgments and opinions of the nihilist, and expresses his thoughts. The difference between the heroes is visible in their behavior in the Kirsanov “empire”. Bazarov is busy with work, studying nature, and Arkady is idle.

The novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev already reflected the main conflict of the work in its title. Like a sharp gust of fresh wind, a “new man” bursts into the midst of the “good representatives of the nobility” - the son of a doctor, democrat, nihilist Bazarov. He is the embodiment of the denial of the usual life of a noble estate, its emptiness. The contradictions between conservatives and democrats are at the forefront of the novel. However, the analysis of the conflict between characters who formally belong to the same camp, but are, at first glance, allies, is especially interesting. Almost at the very beginning of the work, the reader meets Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov. An advanced student, a democrat, comes to stay at his friend’s estate. Arkady is sincerely grateful for this, he tells his father: “He is so kind that he agreed to stay with us!”

We can say that Bazarov deigns to be friends with young Kirsanov. Arkady is passionate about Bazarov’s ideas, he is one of his best “students”. The man is smart and insightful. Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov quickly realized that it was impossible to make Arkady “one of his own”, to completely change his views. The image of Arkady Kirsanov, thus, occupies a very special place in the novel. On the one hand, he is adjacent to the camp of the “children,” in other words, the revolutionaries, and on the other hand, he is an integral part of the camp of the “fathers.” The author himself emphasizes this: “Look at the faces of Nikolai Petrovich. Pavel Petrovich. Arcadia. Weakness, lethargy or limitation."
One of the main techniques for creating images (in this work by Turgenev is contrast. Thus, Arkady differs in some character traits and in some views from his father and grandfather. He strives for something new, his passion for the natural sciences is probably not only a deer to fashion Arkady strives to imitate Bazarov in everything, he listens to his advice. Young Kirsanov is by no means devoid of positive qualities. He is intelligent and inquisitive. However, the author of the novel pointed out the main difference between these characters, also created on the basis of contrast: “Arkady was a sybarist. "

Bazarov does not want to be a slave to the principles that others have come up with, to blindly follow traditions; he denies principles “taken on faith.” He is a direct person, often even harsh. Speaking about his convictions, Evgeniy is not at all inclined to soften or smooth them out. It would seem. Many of Bazarov’s views are shared by Arkady. But this “master’s” passion for nihilism is very superficial. In addition, some of Evgeniy’s statements unpleasantly offend Kirsanov. Such, for example, are Bazarov’s words about women and art.
In order to show the common features of Arkady and Bazarov and what distinguishes these heroes from each other, I. S. Turgenev, one might say, puts them through the same tests. The character traits of the characters are especially pronounced in situations where they need to make a choice. When the friends arrived at Kirsanov’s estate. Arkady realized that his uncle did not immediately like Evgeny Bazarov. But this time he took the side of someone who considered him not only his friend, but also his teacher. Bazarov was not at all embarrassed; he even deliberately emphasized the harshness of his own manners and judgments.
As the novel progresses, the author exposes both heroes to temptation; he invites them to choose “noble happiness.” It is embodied in the images of Katerina and Anna
Odintsov. Arkady, who was at first captivated by Anna Sergeevna’s extraordinary nature, this time listens to Evgeniy’s advice to pay attention to his younger sister. In sweet Katerina Odintsova, Arkady finds spontaneity, sincerity, and openness. who are close to his nature. He even plays music, although he is embarrassed when he catches Bazarov doing this. Perhaps, it is on Odintsova’s estate that Arkady realizes that the harsh life that Bazarov calls for is not at all an ideal for him, Kirsanov. In Katenka he finds his destiny and is quite happy. By the way, his “nihilistic” knowledge came in handy in life. Arkady managed to run the household much better than his father. Bazarov finally realized that Arkady was only a temporary ally, which means it was necessary to part with him. Saying goodbye to him, Evgeniy says: “... we say goodbye forever, and you feel it yourself... There is neither insolence nor anger in you, but there is youthful courage and youth
fervor: this is not suitable for our destiny.” It is in this conversation that Bazarov utters words that can be called historical, gives an unusually accurate description of both Arkady and people like him: “You are a nice fellow, but you are still soft,
liberal barich...” Evgeniy understands that she is harsh. The life full of hardships for which he is preparing himself does not suit Kirsanov at all. Various feelings are fighting in Bazarov’s soul: “regret, fear of being upset.” The author managed to psychologically correctly convey this state in the hero’s speech. Evgeniy says in a friendly manner: “Goodbye, brother!”, and then, as if having come to his senses, ironically adds:
“Farewell, sir!”
In the novel “Fathers and Sons,” it is Evgeny Vasilyevich Bazarov who is the most complex and contradictory character. He is lonely and his attempts to find friendship and love are practically fruitless. Turgenev believed that Bazarov was a “tragic face.” And this statement is true. The tragedy of Yevgeny Bazarov is not only that his time has not come yet, not only that he cannot find happiness, but also that. that he deliberately refuses this happiness. It seems that Evgeniy is afraid to freely express his feelings and is trying to seem harsher. even rude, more rational than he really is. Perhaps this reflects the same fear of “being overwhelmed.” Only before his death are qualities revealed in him that previously the reader could only guess about: tenderness for his parents hidden under external severity and indifference, the poetry of his love for Anna Sergeevna Odintsova. The hero is filled with a thirst for life and work for the good of the country, but he understands that he can’t do anything; All that remains is to face death with dignity and courage. And Bazarov finally allows true feelings to break through, for the first time he speaks completely frankly about himself; “I also thought: I’ll screw up a lot of things, I’ll never die! There is a task, because I am a giant.” Only now does he not hesitate to openly show concern for his parents. Entrusting their fate to Odintsova, Evgeny says: “After all, people like them cannot be found in your big world during the day…” Evgeny Bazarov dies “on the eve”, he does not seem to do anything significant, but the strength and charm of this character so strong that they literally capture the reader's attention. I. S. Turgenev managed to show not only the main socio-political conflict of the era in the novel, but also to create vivid images of the heroes, which ensured such a long life of this work.

The theme of friendship is one of the leading ones in Russian literature of the 19th century. “My friends, our union is wonderful! He, like a soul, is indivisible and eternal” - this is how A.S. characterized him. Pushkin true friendship.

The theme of friendship is also presented in the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons".

The main character of the novel, Yevgeny Bazarov, appears before the reader along with his friend Arkady. It seems like they are like-minded people. Friends study together at the medical faculty of the university. Arkady idolizes his comrade, admires his progressive views, extraordinary character and independent behavior. And Bazarov is one of those people who needs students and admirers. However, this friendship turned out to be short-lived. What is the reason?

Bazarov and Arkady are completely different people. According to his convictions, Bazarov is “a democrat to the core.” Arkady falls under the influence of Bazarov and wants to be like him.

Bazarov, in any environment, in any home, is engaged in business - the natural sciences, the study of nature and testing theoretical discoveries in practice. Arkady does not do anything; none of the serious matters really captivates him. For him, the main thing is comfort and peace.

They have completely different opinions regarding art. Bazarov denies Pushkin, and unfoundedly. Arkady is trying to prove to him the greatness of the poet. Bazarov hates many, but Arkady has no enemies. Arkady cannot live without principles. In this way he is very close to his liberal father and Pavel Petrovich. Arkady is always neat, tidy, well dressed, and has aristocratic manners. Bazarov does not consider it necessary to observe the rules of good manners, so important in the life of a nobleman. This is reflected in all his actions, habits, manners, and speech patterns.

The development of relations between Bazarov and Arkady develops into a conflict. Bazarov’s views do not become an organic part of Arkady’s worldview, which is why he so easily abandons them. “Your brother, a nobleman,” says Bazarov to Arkady, “cannot go beyond noble humility or noble boiling, and this is nothing. You, for example, don’t fight - and you already imagine yourself to be great - but we want to fight.” Bazarov disagrees with Arkady on the main thing - his idea of ​​life, the purpose of man.

Bazarov and Arkady say goodbye forever. Bazarov breaks up with Arkady without saying a single friendly word to him. Bazarov says that he has other words for Arkady, but to express them is romanticism for Bazarov.

Their relationship cannot be called friendship, because friendship is impossible without mutual understanding, friendship cannot be based on the subordination of one to the other. “Bazarov’s attitude towards his comrade casts a bright streak of light on his character; Bazarov has no friend, because he has not yet met a person who would not give in to him. Bazarov’s personality closes in on itself, because outside of it and around it there are almost no elements related to it at all” (D. Pisarev) - this is the main thing in the disagreements of the heroes.

June 14 2011

The novel “Fathers and Sons” by Turgenev was written in 1862. As D.I. Pisarev notes, it is devoid of both beginning and ending. There is no clear, well-thought-out plan here. But at the same time, the novel describes completely different types and characters, and there are vividly drawn pictures. Here you can clearly feel Turgenev’s attitude towards his characters and the events unfolding on the pages of the novel.

At the beginning of the novel we see that Arkady is completely under the influence of his friend Bazarov. Despite the fact that he often gets into arguments with him, he idolizes his older friend. Arriving home, Arkady is even somewhat embarrassed by his family in front of Bazarov. He speaks deliberately casually with his father and uncle, trying to show that he is already quite mature and independent. Unlike Bazarov, Arkady is still just emerging as a... He absorbs everything new and quickly falls under the influence of those around him. So, for example, Odintsova, having a great understanding of people, immediately begins to treat Arkady as a younger brother. Despite the admiration for Bazarov, already at the beginning of the novel one can notice differences in the views of the friends. Arkady is more humane, gentle, he does not reject feelings, he loves art and nature. Bazarov is interesting to the young man as a strong independent personality, but it cannot be said that Arkady unconditionally accepts all his friend’s reasoning. He is dissatisfied when a friend, with his characteristic cynicism, thinks about the young man’s relatives, about Anna Sergeevna Odintsova, and in general about the people around him. Bazarov treats Arkady more as an obedient student and comrade-in-arms than as a friend. All arguments with a friend are somewhat instructive in nature. When a young man calls on a friend to take pity on Pavel Petrovich, Bazarov sharply replies that he does not consider the man “who put his entire life on the line for a woman’s love” to be a real man, a “male.” Next comes the idea that “every person must educate himself.” Bazarov does not hesitate to set himself as an example, knowing that Arkady is fascinated by his ideas as a nihilist. The more the young man gets to know his friend, the closer he gets to know him, the more often the thought arises that Bazarov is contradicting himself. So, for example, he notices with surprise that Evgeny feels shy in front of Odintsova and behaves unnaturally cheekily. Although he had previously convinced Arkady that the relationship between a man and a woman can be fully explained from a physiological point of view. The young man subtly senses the change in Bazarov when he falls in love with Anna Sergeevna. At first, he feels jealous and upset about the current state of affairs. However, he quickly resigns himself, recognizing the superiority of his friend, and directs all his attention to Odintsova’s younger sister Ekaterina Sergeevna.

I think Bazarov is attracted to Arcadia by his youth, freshness of perception, liveliness of feelings. He is somewhat flattered by his younger friend's reverent attitude towards himself. He condescends to Arkady, easily refuting all his friend’s arguments about feelings, women, and art. Arcadia has something that Bazarov does not have: a naive, unclouded perception of the world by cynicism, the ability to enjoy life and find the bright sides in it.

A split in the relationship between friends begins to emerge in Maryino, in Arkady’s house. The young man does not agree with Bazarov’s opinion that Nikolai Petrovich is a “retired man” and “his song is over.” Arkady is not able to “throw away” a person, even if his views are outdated. Be it a father or just a stranger. The culmination of the tension in the relationship between friends can be considered the moment when Bazarov speaks out about Sitnikov’s arrival: “I need such boobies... it’s not for the gods, in fact, to burn pots...” Only now before Arkady “the whole bottomless abyss of Bazarov’s pride opened up for a moment.” The young man begins to understand how his friend treats him, but out of old habit he still tries to maintain friendly relations with Bazarov. Leaving Odintsova, he begs to go to a friend’s tarantass, although “twenty-five miles seemed like as much as fifty.” Arkady was unpleasantly surprised by how Bazarov treated his parents, which also did not help strengthen the friendship between friends. The young man gradually leaves the influence of his friend. He falls in love with Katya and gradually becomes imbued with her views on life. Bazarov understands his friend’s condition very well. He realizes that the friendship has come to an end, that it is time to say goodbye to his old friend forever. In a conversation with Arkady, Evgeniy asserts that he “has neither insolence nor anger” and that therefore he is not suitable for the job. He considers his friend to be too soft a gentleman, a romantic, and understands how far he and Arkady are from each other. Bazarov does not consider it necessary to continue friendly relations. By and large, he never perceived Arkady as a friend, since he is a loner by nature. Therefore, having parted with the young man, Bazarov erases him from his memory. When his father suggests that Evgeny, who is dying of infection, send for a friend to say goodbye, he has difficulty remembering the name of Arkady Kirsanov and refuses to meet with him.