A sniper rifle is a combat rifle, the design of which provides increased shooting accuracy. When shooting at night, night sights are used or the reticles of optical sights are illuminated. Sniper rifles can be non-automatic (with a longitudinally sliding rotary bolt), magazine-fed (Austrian 7.62 mm SSG-69, American 7.62 mm M24) and self-loading (Soviet SVD, Russian VSS Vintorez, German 7.62 -mm G3A2F). As a rule, precision sniper rifles should not be self-loading (semi-automatic): vibration from reloading during a shot reduces shooting accuracy. Very rarely do developers manage to make a semi-automatic rifle with accuracy that meets the requirements. However, there are successful semi-automatics, such as the HK PSG1 from Heckler & Koch with a semi-blowback roller action. Modern sniper rifles have a requirement for accuracy - dispersion of no more than 1 minute of arc (MOA).

Special cartridges are usually used for shooting from a sniper rifle. The main and practically the only parameter characterizing the quality of a sniper rifle is the accuracy of fire from the machine.

A sniper rifle is a very delicate weapon that requires strict adherence to routine cleaning, lubrication and maintenance procedures. Even a seemingly insignificant defect or invisible to the naked eye can greatly reduce shooting accuracy. The possibility of conducting automatic fire from it is usually not even considered by designers, although there is a variant of the SVD capable of firing bursts (SVU-A/SVU-AS), however, it should be noted that this firing mode is used, as a rule, only in emergency situations.

The sniper rifle went through several historical stages in its development. At first, rifles for precision shooting using an optical sight were selected from a batch of conventional rifles, choosing the ones that gave the most accurate combat. Later, sniper rifles began to be manufactured on the basis of serial army models, making minor changes to the design in order to increase shooting accuracy. A modern sniper rifle is a “weapon-cartridge-sight” complex. Firing accuracy is enhanced by optical sights specially designed for sniper rifles. One of the first such sniper weapon systems is the Soviet SVD rifle, which fires a sniper version of the standard 7.62x54R rifle cartridge and is equipped with a PSO-1 optical sight.

One of the main tasks of the 7.62-mm army sniper rifle is to defeat small targets at ranges of up to 600 m and large ones - up to 800 m. The most important targets for a sniper are command staff, messengers, snipers, observers, surveillance and communications equipment, heavy weapons crews weapons, enemy tank crews. In addition, at a distance of 1000-1200 m, a sniper can conduct harassing fire, limiting the enemy’s movements, preventing mine clearance work, etc. There are two types of military precision small arms to perform the above tasks - high-precision sniper rifles for professional snipers and rifles for the best shooters - the so-called “ersatz sniper”, also called improved combat rifles, which are inferior in shooting accuracy to sniper rifles.

Modern requirements for a sniper rifle suggest a hit deflection of no more than one arc minute, which is for different firing ranges: at 1000 m - 29 cm, at 500 m - 14.5 cm, at 300 m - 8.7 cm, at 100 m - 2.9 cm. In the 1950-1960s. created sniper rifles that, in addition to the ability to conduct accurate fire over long distances, also had qualities common to army small arms - a fairly high rate of fire, the ability to be used in close combat up to hand-to-hand combat, maneuverability, and reliability in difficult operating conditions. Such weapons were self-loading rifles chambered for 7.62 mm caliber with an optical sight - the American M21 rifle and the Soviet SVD. However, these samples are inferior in shooting accuracy to rifles with a longitudinally sliding rotary bolt. In addition, automation complicates and makes the weapon heavier, increases its size, operation noise and shock loads.

Later, more highly specialized rifles for accurate shooting over long distances began to be adopted by armies. They were the same shooting rifles with a longitudinally sliding rotary bolt - American M40, Finnish Sako TRG-21, Austrian SSG-69, British L96A1. Examples of army self-loading sniper rifles are the American M21 and the Soviet SVD, which, however, no longer meet modern standards for shooting accuracy. Examples of a modern self-loading sniper rifle are the American Knights SR-M110 SASS and Remington R11 RSASS, and the Belgian FN Ballista. In most modern sniper rifles, stocks have adjustable cheeks and are adjustable in length, since people have differences in height, shoulder width, neck and arm length, and hand size. Special cartridges are usually used for shooting from a sniper rifle. The main and practically the only parameter characterizing the quality of a sniper rifle is the accuracy of fire from the machine. Maintaining a sniper rifle in proper condition requires strict adherence to routine cleaning, lubrication and maintenance procedures, since this is a very delicate weapon, defects in one of the components of which can significantly reduce its shooting accuracy.

In relation to military conditions for the use of 7.62 mm sniper rifles chambered for 7.62x51 NATO and domestic 7.62x54R, the firing range for these weapons is about 800 meters. Large-caliber sniper rifles chambered for the 12.7x99 (.50 BMG) cartridge, created for the Browning heavy machine gun, are becoming increasingly popular. Such rifles fire at distances of about 1800 meters or more, as a result of which they are used with sights having variable magnification of 1.5-9x, 3-10x, etc. For shooting at short distances - up to 300-400 meters - optical sights with a fixed magnification of 4x and 6x can be used.

The main tasks of large-caliber sniper rifles are: fighting enemy snipers, since a powerful cartridge allows you to fire at extremely high distances and penetrate a wall or other light cover; fighting against fortified enemy firing points, such as pillboxes and machine gun nests; destruction of lightly armored or unarmored vehicles such as trucks, armored personnel carriers and cars. Shooting from a large-caliber rifle at extremely high distances is carried out only with special sniper cartridges, since cartridges for large-caliber machine guns are not applicable due to their low accuracy. An example of the use of large-caliber rifles for shooting at the enemy at extremely high distances is a shot from a McMillan Tac-50 rifle chambered for .50 BMG by Canadian Army Corporal Rob Furlong, with which he destroyed a Taliban fighter in Afghanistan in 2002 from a distance of 2430 meters.

The niche between 7.62 mm sniper rifles and large-caliber 12.7 mm rifles is occupied by 8.6x70 caliber sniper rifles, chambered for a special sniper cartridge for high-precision shooting. 338 Lapua Magnum, designed for shooting at a distance of 1000-1800 meters. In relation to police operations to eliminate terrorists in urban environments, the firing range of sniper rifles is about 300-400 meters, or even less. Typical police sniper rifles are the Steyr-Mannlicher SSG 69 and the Remington model 700 Police. In Russia, the most popular sniper rifle, used both in the armed forces and in anti-terrorist special forces, is the SVD self-loading rifle. However, it does not meet modern requirements for the accuracy of sniper weapons and in Western countries is considered an ersatz sniper, that is, an improved combat rifle.

Currently, sniper rifles are in service in most armies of the world, and are also used by special forces units of the police and anti-terrorism units. Modern sniper rifles are very expensive weapons. The average cost of such a rifle ranges from 1500-3000 to 9000 USD, for example, the German self-loading 7.62 mm sniper rifle Heckler und Koch PSG-1.

The newest sniper system is the Precision Guided Firearms family of rifles, which translates as “high-precision guided weapons,” which were developed in the United States by the private company Tracking Point. The Precision Guided Firearms system consists of two basic components - a computerized sighting system and a specially modified rifle. AR-15-based rifles and hand-loading weapons are available. A special feature of these rifles is the “smart” trigger mechanism. A shot can be fired not only directly when the trigger is pressed, but also by a signal from the computer of the sighting system, which analyzes the position of the tracked target and weapon in real time. Pressing the trigger in this case only serves as a permissive signal to fire; the shot itself is fired by the computer exactly at the moment when the shooter aligns the computer-calculated point of impact of the bullet with the tracked aiming point.

For rifles of caliber .308 Winchester, the manufacturer’s declared ability to hit targets at ranges of up to 800 meters at speeds of up to 24 km/h, for rifles chambered for .338 Lapua, these characteristics reach 1200 meters and 40 km/h. When shooting with conventional weapons, such conditions require extremely high shooter skill and a fair amount of luck; Using the Tracking Point system, such shots become available to average shooters. However, currently this system is in the initial stage of development and has a high cost - from 15 thousand dollars. In addition, the system is tied to a specific type of cartridge for each rifle, and the battery life is relatively short. However, these shortcomings will be eliminated by the manufacturer in the near future, and the system itself will be improved.

This is a selection of the state of the countries' armaments for 2013.

Now let’s look at the Top best sniper rifles according to the Discovery Channel in February 2014.

A sniper's shot can not only remove the worst enemy, but also sow fear and panic in the ranks of the enemy. The best sniper rifles in the world allow you to shoot silently and unnoticed, removing the enemy from afar. And, of course, the best precision rifles are used by the strongest armies in the world.
The best sniper rifles in the world.

The ranking of the 10 best sniper rifles opens with a weapon developed by scientists back in the USSR in the late eighties - the ASVK or large-caliber army sniper rifle. The length of the equipment reaches 1400 mm with a weight without cartridges and optics of 12 kg. With five rounds in the magazine, the weapon can fire at a speed of 10 rpm, and the bullet will fly 1500 m at a speed of 850 m/s.

Vintorez was developed in the same eighties and was used in the Chechen conflict and the Georgian-Ossetian war. Its length does not reach 900 mm, and its weight without instruments and cartridges is only 2.45 kg. The magazine is ready to hold 10 rounds, and the bullet speed at the beginning of movement will be 290 m/s.

The rating of the best sniper rifles is transferred to the USA, where in 1990 the Calico M951S rifle was developed, which perfectly hits targets at medium distances. Its features are a high rate of fire and an extremely capacious magazine that can hold up to 100 rounds.

The Accuracy International AW50 large-caliber rifle was offered to its first customers in 2000. Its weight with bipod is 15 kg, and the total length is 1420. The magazine can please the shooter with 5 cartridges, which begin moving at a speed of 925 m/s

The SVD is the best large-caliber sniper rifle produced by the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant since 1963. Its weight ranges from 4.5 to 4.2 kg, and its length is 1220 mm. The speed of a bullet leaving a 10-magazine magazine is about 830 m/s.

CheyTac m200 “Intervention” is one of the components of the American sniper system, produced in various modifications since 2001. It is distinguished by very high shooting accuracy at a significant target distance. Length 1220 mm with weight without optics 12 kg.

The German AMP Technical Services DSR-1 rifle is used by European formations of the GSG-9 type. The length of the rifle is not great - 1000 mm, with the same small weight of 5.9 kg. Exceptional shooting accuracy can be achieved when using specialized ammunition and in the absence of wind.

The third step in the ranking of the best sniper rifles in the world belongs to the Accuracy International AS50 from the UK. Developed in 2005, the 1369 mm equipment weighs 14.1 kg without optics and cartridges. A sniper can quickly fold or unfold it and put it into combat readiness. High accuracy of long-range shooting, a device for mounting various, including night optics and additional accessories.

Among long-range semi-automatic sniper rifles, the Barett M82 occupies a leading position. The almost meter long barrel is capable of accelerating a bullet to 900 m/s, and its decent weight of 14 kg makes it possible to strengthen its position. The rifle is capable of aimed shooting at a distance of almost 2 km. Ammo comparable to machine gun ammunition is fed from a 10 round magazine.

The best sniper rifle.

Accuracy International Arctic Warfare has been unrivaled since 1980. The UK uses it for military purposes, and modified models are used by special forces and police. The length of the equipment is a little more than a meter, weight 6.8 kg.

Py.Sy. I imagine the indignation of some of the public due to the lack of a more detailed analysis of each vintage. Alas. To do this, you need to blurt out separate posts. If there is a desire, I will do it in the near future.

"One shot, one kill" is the motto of any sniper, and this can only be achieved with a highly modified wood or fiberglass hollow-handle rifle, an upgraded trigger mechanism, and a high-powered scope.

But which rifle is the most powerful sniper rifle in the world? Undoubtedly, such a sniper rifle is the M107 Barrett, the most impressive weapon of its kind ever produced. It is the most technologically advanced sniper rifle in the world: it is mainly used by the US Army in resolving the bloodiest conflicts.

A powerful sniper rifle used by American forces, the M107 (formerly M82) was first used by American forces in Operation Desert Storm. It was designed by an independent contractor, a company called Barrett Firearms Company, owned by Ronnie Barrett, making the M107 the fourth independently developed rifle used by the US Army.

The 50-caliber M107 is a long-range semi-automatic rifle currently used by armed infantry forces. It can accurately hit a target at a distance of 2000 meters. The rifle has a frame length of 72.5 cm, an XM107 bolt, and its weight including optics is 13 kg.

The most powerful cartridges in the world are used for the shots, Browning 50 caliber cartridges (12.7x99 mm NATO). The bullet diameter is 12.98 mm, the total length is 138.43 mm. 5.56 NATO or 7.62 NATO cartridges are used in the AK-47: the shot resembles a firework.

A well-trained sniper can hit a 12 cm target at a distance of 2 km. A report from American snipers indicates that they successfully used this rifle at a distance of 2430 meters while eliminating insurgents in Afghanistan.

The bullet can penetrate 3 cm of armor (the standard amount of armor for lightly armored vehicles), as well as a 30 cm wall, behind which most enemies in Iraq and Afghanistan feel safe. Most often, these bullets are used to hit targets such as a radar cabin, a truck, an aircraft stand, etc. They are also used to eliminate human threats such as enemy snipers, mortar teams, and machine gun pillboxes.

Depending on the grip, the rifle itself measures between 115 and 122 cm in length, and although it is a fairly large weapon, it has 70% less recoil than other large bore rifles, while weighing only 13.6 kg, making it very comfortable to use .

But the most impressive feature of this monster is the fear factor. The bullet hits its target quietly and effectively, causing the target to drop dead seconds before the sound of the shot is heard. And the fact that the rifle can fire all ten rounds in its magazine in less than 10 seconds means it's possible to kill a small squad of enemies before they even hear the gunshots.

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Increasingly, partisan detachments are appearing in various local conflicts, trying to turn the tide of hostilities in their favor with targeted strikes, for which the ideal weapon is a sniper rifle. This type of weapon also does not leave the arsenal of the world's leading armies, and remains an indispensable tool for solving problems by special forces. Although progress has a significant impact on the defense industry, most of the contenders for the Top 10 best sniper rifles in the world have been in service for about fifty years, but still they have to give way to new, more ergonomic and accurate options.

10 L42 Enfield (UK)

This model of sniper rifle appeared at the end of the nineteenth century, quickly proving the convenience and reliability guaranteed by the use of a magazine, which is why the L42 became an indispensable tool both in the Boer War and in the two largest battles of mankind. Despite the fact that the rifle is over a hundred years old, snipers from the British Commonwealth countries still prefer it, because the target range is a full kilometer, and the maximum range is almost two.

9 SR-25 (USA)

The semi-automatic rifle, which entered service with the United States Army a quarter of a century ago, ranks ninth in the ranking of the 10 best sniper rifles in the world. Despite the fact that the destruction range is only 800 meters, the SR-25 has proven its effectiveness in all hot spots: Iraq, Afghanistan, East Timor. A 10-round magazine gives the shooter an advantage and allows him to single-handedly repel an attack from several enemy units, even if they are attacking from different flanks. However, it is unlikely to be able to penetrate even armored glass if the target range exceeds the norm by a couple of meters.

8 AS50 (UK)

It was produced by order of the United Kingdom Defense Department, so it immediately became popular among various specialized units. The main highlight is five shots in one and a half seconds, without the need to jerk the shutter, which makes it possible to deal with terrorists or criminals who are moving at high speed, sometimes even hiding behind hostages, because amazing accuracy will avoid civilian casualties. There is also the possibility of using incendiary supplies, and the targeting accuracy is about two kilometers.

7 M21 (USA)

The weapon, ranked seventh in the list of the best sniper rifles in the world, was used by the Americans during the Vietnam War, moreover, it was specially developed for it. The M21 rifle entered service in 1969. You may have noticed the similarity with the M14 assault rifle, and it is not accidental, it was this that served as the prototype. It is still in service with the army, because the magazine holds 20 rounds of ammunition, standardized for NATO troops, which allows you to avoid shortages of ammunition or quickly replenish them. The effective firing range is nine hundred meters.

6 HK PSG1 (Germany)

Germany, bled dry after the Second World War, did not have its own means for the production of military ammunition for a long time, until 1972, when, after the terrorist attack at the Olympic Games in Munich, the government issued an order for the production of semi-automatic and sniper rifles, choosing one of the manufacturers from the times of the German Empire as a contractor. And now, for 45 years, the PSG1 remains an indispensable tool for special operations, because its 20-round magazine and effective range of 800 meters are ideal for freeing hostages and preventing terrorist attacks.

5 Dragunov rifle (USSR)

Definitely the most advanced of domestic military inventions, it ranks fifth in the top ten best sniper rifles in the world. Having entered service in 1963, it has still not been able to find high-quality analogues, all thanks to the wide base for modernization provided by the ease of assembly. Unlike more modern analogues, it is much less demanding in terms of maintenance; there have been cases when a shot was fired from a weapon covered with ice. Effective aiming is possible at a distance of about one and a half kilometers. Most often, the Dragunov rifle is found under the name SVD. This weapon has become widely used in computer games about the Cold War and modern shooters.

4 Mosin rifle (Russia)

Created for the needs of the Russian Imperial Army, this rifle survived the First World War, performing well in swampy areas and in constant pollution, because for effective shooting it was enough just to clean the barrel and wipe the sight. It was in service until 1961, when it was replaced by the SVD. The Mosinka is perhaps the best Russian sniper rifle. This weapon is the object of a huge number of jokes, because its amazing survivability and effectiveness at medium distances can be demonstrated today, museum exhibits just need to be charged and they are ready for battle, and Siberian hunters claim that the best gun for use in severe frost conditions is simply can't be found.

3 L115A3 AWM (UK)

Among the top three best sniper rifles in the world is the best British product in this segment. The model was created specifically for firing large-caliber ammunition, capable of hitting even weakly armored enemy vehicles. For the convenience of the shooter, two options for optics were installed, for different times of day, and a magazine for 5 rounds, since a larger number of shells of a similar caliber would have a negative impact on the recoil. The rifle has proven its effectiveness during special operations in the Middle East and Afghanistan.

2 CheyTac LRRS M-200 Intervention (USA)

Amazing ergonomics, the presence of a recoil-compensating stock, and phenomenal accuracy have made the M-200 rifle a favorite weapon of assassins. Of particular note is the firing range, which ensures that you hit the bull's eye from a distance of two kilometers, thereby ensuring that you will not be detected by either enemy troops or law enforcement agencies. The main disadvantage is its outstanding weight; when fully equipped, the CheyTac LRRS M-200 weighs about 13 kilograms, which makes the fighter using this rifle an extremely immobile combat unit.

1 Barrett 50 Caliber (USA)

M62, which is the official name of this model, takes first place in the ranking. For 2016, the Barrett 50 Cal is the best sniper rifle in the world. It has been in service with many armies of the Atlantic Alliance for about thirty years, and has never received negative reviews, and the main source of praise was the heavy-duty cartridges used in hunting revolvers. A shot from the Barrett 50 Cal can penetrate a brick wall at a distance of more than two kilometers, but the aiming accuracy is only one and a half thousand meters. Combined with a 10-round magazine, it will not leave the enemy vanguard and scouts any chance, without giving away the shooter’s position.

The best sniper rifle in the world | Video

CheyTac Intervention (USA)

When it comes to creating sniper weapons, the recognized leaders are the United States. In any case, their products are the most advanced. The CheyTac M200 “Intervention” became a kind of quintessence of achievements in the field of creating high-precision rifles. Before us is a large-caliber sniper rifle, designed for special cartridges. 408 CheyTac and .375 CheyTac. The main purpose of this weapon is to combat manpower at long distances. Like many sniper rifles, the M200 is manually loaded and bolt-action. Such rifles are traditionally considered more accurate than automatic and semi-automatic rifles.

A distinctive feature of the M200 is that it is part of the CheyTac LRRS complex. It also includes a ballistics computer to which you can connect wind sensors, temperature sensors and barometric pressure sensors. All this allows you to effectively hit a target comparable to a human figure at a distance of up to 2 thousand meters. True, the price of the complex cannot be called low: the rifle will cost the buyer 50 thousand euros. Perhaps this is why it is used by a limited number of countries, including Argentina, Jordan, Turkey and Poland. The complex is also quite heavy - without an optical sight, the rifle weighs more than 12 kg. This is slightly less than the weight of the Barrett M82 large-caliber rifle (we'll talk about it later).

CheyTac Intervention / ©Weapon

No less technologically advanced is the newest M2010 rifle intended for the US military. In fact, it is the result of a deep modernization of the legendary M24, which has faithfully served the American army since the late 80s. The rifle inherited the sliding bolt from its ancestor, but switched to the new .300 Winchester Magnum cartridge (M24, among other things, used the usual 7.62).

Compared to the old cartridge, the new one should provide a 50% increase in firing range. The basic M24, by the way, also has good accuracy: the effective firing range of 7.62x51 mm cartridges is 800 m. So with the new rifle, an ordinary US Army sniper will feel even more confident in the mountains or desert. True, there was a price to pay for increasing the range. The recoil has increased slightly compared to the standard M24, and in addition, the ammunition began to weigh more. Other innovations include a folding stock and improved ergonomics. Let us add that the rifle has a modern Leupold Mark 4 6.5-20?50mm ER/T M5 optical sight. So the potential of the modernized M24 is very high.

The advantages of the M2010 are obvious: it is relatively light (5.5 kg), high accuracy, and accuracy of fire at distances up to 1200 m, as well as mobility and advanced optics. The standard M24 is used by more than a dozen different countries, but the M2010 is currently used only by the US Army. In total, in 2011–2015, the military was supposed to receive more than 3.5 thousand new complexes. The contract amount was 28 million US dollars.

M2010 / ©Guns

SVD (USSR/Russia)

The legendary Dragunov sniper rifle is not the most accurate, not the most powerful and not the most convenient. However, thanks to its low cost and reliability, it has become one of the most popular sniper rifles in the world (if not the most popular in general). An experienced sniper will never choose the SVD as his weapon, but for an inexperienced fighter it remains the best “Marksman” rifle. A clarification needs to be made here: in the West, this term is applied to high-precision rifles that are used by infantry snipers, operating not separately, but as part of an infantry unit. Such rifles are often not considered as full-fledged sniper weapons, but their rate of fire allows them to effectively hit targets at medium and relatively long distances. Thus, we are talking about a kind of “long” arm of the infantry on the battlefield. Like all kinds of modern analogues, the SVD is self-loading.

The SVD PSO-1 optical sight, which has a recognizable sighting reticle, assumes firing at a range of up to 1300 meters, but at such a distance the accuracy of hitting a single target will be low. So in this case, you can only shoot at a group of soldiers or just fire suppression. The effective firing range of the SVD is 800 m. At the same time, the rate of fire (in combat conditions) is 30 rounds per minute. This is a good indicator, although in terms of its characteristics, the Dragunov rifle is already noticeably inferior to analogues such as the M110. Much more expensive and difficult to master.

SVD / ©Guns

L96A1 (UK)

The Accuracy International L96A1 rifle has become a symbol of a sniper weapon. It is distinguished by high accuracy and accuracy of fire, excellent ergonomics and high reliability. It was from this weapon that the longest combat sniper shot in history was fired: the target was hit at a distance of 2475 m.

The rifle has a bolt action and can use 6.2, 7.62 and 8.6 mm cartridges. Such a wide range is made possible thanks to a replaceable barrel made of stainless steel by cold forging. The effective firing range is 1.5 km. Some cartridges allow, using the basic model, to place five shots from a hundred meters in a circle from 11.6 to 20.3 mm. I must say that this is a very good indicator. In total, the magazine can hold five or ten rounds.

With all this, the rifle has a very reasonable price: it can be purchased for 10–12 thousand dollars. Thanks to this (as well as its high characteristics), it was purchased by dozens of countries, including the UK, where it, in fact, was developed. The lack of worthy domestic samples of sniper weapons also prompted Russia to purchase a batch of L96 for special forces. True, in recent years the situation with Russian sniper weapons has become better: for example, the high-precision ORSIS T-5000 appeared, which was quite warmly received by experts.

L96A1/©Guns

This large-caliber sniper rifle is a true legend of our time. It has appeared in countless films and computer games, but the uninitiated might have the wrong idea about the rifle. In popular culture it is used as a regular sniper weapon, but this is not entirely true, or rather, not true at all. The fact is that the M82 is intended not so much for combating manpower, but for destroying unexploded shells, damaging light equipment and disabling various enemy equipment. As for shooting at living targets, other types of sniper weapons are much better suited for this.

The M82 uses the powerful 12.7mm NATO round. The rifle is self-loading, the magazine holds ten rounds. There are several modifications, one of which was the very original, bullpup M82A2, designed to destroy helicopters in the air. The M82 design also formed the basis for the Objective Sniper Weapon grenade launcher.

The Barrett M82 rifle was purchased by dozens of countries around the world. A small batch also went to the Ukrainian Armed Forces: some sources say that it was used during the war in the east of the country.

M82 / ©Photobucket