“Even if the vast expanses of Europe, many ancient and illustrious states have fallen or may fall into the clutches of the Gestapo and other vile machines of Nazi control, we will not give up and will not lose. We will go to the end, we will fight in France, we will fight on the seas and oceans, we will fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we will defend our island, whatever the cost, we will fight on the beaches, we we will fight on the coasts, we will fight in the fields and in the streets, we will fight on the hills; we will never surrender, and even if it happens, which I do not believe for a moment, that this island or most of it will be enslaved and starved, then our Empire overseas, armed and protected by the British fleet, will continue the battle until, at a time blessed by God, the New World with all its strength and might goes to the rescue and liberation of the Old."

These words were spoken by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in the House of Commons on June 4, 1940. France was defeated, Belgium was occupied, Holland capitulated, Austria became part of the Reich, Czechoslovakia was annexed, Norway was ruled by the German Reichskommissariat, Poland was divided between Hitler and Stalin. Evil reigned everywhere. The Europe of Hitler, Mussolini and Franco was fascist, Molotov shook hands with Ribbentrop, tanks with Soviet gasoline went to Germany, and Stalin smiled contentedly in his mustache over the secret protocols to the Soviet-German treaty. Britain was alone in a sea of ​​horror, hopelessness and nightmare - alone against Hitler, alone against fascism. And she wasn't going to give up.

American Marine. Battle of Saipan, June 27, 1944. Photo: W. Eugene Smith / Magnum Photos / East News

We have talked many times about what the Red Army accomplished in the fight against fascism, we talked about its infantrymen and pilots, about its famous and nameless heroes. But now the time has come to talk about the allies who fought fascism on land, in the air and at sea. The time has come to talk about the British pilots who bombed Germany, about America's entry into the war and American supplies under Lend-Lease, about the landing in Normandy, about the war in Asia. All this is in the number you are holding in your hands.

read special issues of Novaya Gazeta about the Great Patriotic War

• 2016.
• 2015.
• 2014.

The time has come to talk about Britain, which stood alone for a whole year against fascism, and about America, which invested all its industrial strength and the lives of Texas and Vermont boys in the fight against evil - ​the time has come, because the anti-Western propaganda hysteria in our country has reached the highest level degrees and captured many brains and souls. Sponsored propagandists blame the West for not helping the USSR well, acting wrongly, doing wrong things. They are trying to belittle our allies, claiming that the equipment they supplied to the Red Army was rubbish, and Lend-Lease did not help anything. They speak disparagingly about the war between the British and Americans in Europe, Asia and Africa: “We would have won without them!”

This is a lie. Standing over the shoulder of a hungry, soaking wet Red Army soldier, they spit into his can of American stew, which he eats in the trench: “Just think, stew!” Not a single one of those who fought said anything bad about either the stewed meat, or the American Studebakers, or the Dodge Three Quarters, which carried 76-mm guns without fail, or the Airacobra fighters on which the Red Army aces flew. armies of Pokryshkin and Rechkalov.

Thoughtlessness and madness overwhelm the brain. Having tied themselves with black and yellow ribbons, they consider themselves heirs of Victory, but do not understand that each generation has its own and special battle against evil. Those we are proud of won their battle. Our evil is with us. It's today. It's different.

“We can do it again!” - Cars with such stickers rush along our streets, and they are driven by those who do not know what they are talking about. Repeat what? Famine in Leningrad? Unburied soldiers in the Tver swamps? Four attacks on Rzhev, in the streams around which the water was red from the blood that had soaked the ground? Repeat the burned villages, from which the skeletons of stoves remained, children with faces transparent from hunger, refugees, leaving Minsk in summer shoes and walking like this to Ufa? In all this drumming, the jubilation of flags, the puffing out of cheeks, the exaltation of oneself, the horror of war disappears.

They brag about their sacrifices, brag about the blood they shed, reproach others for shedding less, boast about exploits they did not accomplish, dress children in military uniforms and build a funny Reichstag to play something they shouldn’t play. This is not memory, this is vulgarity.

If a woman in a prosecutor’s jacket with an icon of Nicholas II stands at the head of the column of the Immortal Regiment, then this means a break in cause-and-effect relationships and deep, severe, clinical ignorance. And she is not the only one whose logical connections are broken and there is no basic knowledge of what happened.

The war went on all over the world, which is why it is called a global war. The war took place over vast expanses of the globe, in the fields near Moscow and in the jungles of Burma, in the skies over the English Channel and in the vastness of the Atlantic, in the sands of Libya and in the snows of Norway. Everyone who at least once shot at the Nazis in this war, everyone who sat at least one day in a trench (and was killed on the second) or at least once climbed into the cockpit of a bomber flying to bomb the enemy - made his unique, invaluable human contribution into victory. Everyone contributed it, Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians and a hundred other peoples of the USSR, which I cannot list here, the British, the Americans, the Warsaw Ghetto rebels, the Poles from the Home Army and the Anders Army, the Czech saboteurs Gabchik and Kubis, who blew up Heydrich, the French historian Mark The bloc that participated in the Resistance and was shot by the Gestapo is an unimaginable list of millions of names and surnames, many of which remained on gravestones, and many of which were not preserved and disappeared in the darkness of time.

From there, on the other side, observing our life with mute eyes, they expect not quarrels with allies, not spitting in a can of American stew, not cynical propaganda, when the victims and torments of war become a stand for power, but understanding, knowledge, unforgetting, respect.

We must know that there was not only the defense of Moscow, but also the defense of London, not only the feat of Soviet teenagers who stood at the machines, but also the feat of American women standing at conveyor belts, not only Stalingrad, but also El Alamein, not only the Kursk Bulge , but also Montecassino, where the Americans, British, Poles, New Zealanders, and Indians fought.

And we must know that our grandfathers did not fight alone. Together with the Belarusian partisans, although separated from them by hundreds of kilometers, the legendary Nepalese Gurkhas, known for their fearlessness and the fact that they never retreat, fought. And together with Pokryshkin and Kozhedub, who flew in the skies of Kursk and Kuban, fought the Argentine volunteer pilot Kenneth Charney, who flew over Malta during the huge battle for the island that took two years.

Almost no one here knows about this battle. We know about the northern convoys, but we do not know about the Maltese ones, one of which carried the American tanker Ohio with gasoline. It was set on fire from the air, and a shot down Ju-87 bomber exploded right on its deck. But the crew did not leave the burning ship, and the escorting destroyers did not leave it. They brought the tanker to Malta.

Kenneth Charney shot down 17 German aircraft. In the USSR, for this he would have been awarded the title of hero.

Rules for the entrance test in the Russian language,

conducted by the university independently
Entrance test in the Russian language at the Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev and his branch is carried out in the form of testing.

Examination tasks correspond to a certain extent to the structure of the Unified State Examination in the Russian language. The results are assessed on a 100-point scale.

Assignments for entrance examinations in the Russian language - 2012.

Explanatory note
You are given 3 hours (180 minutes) to complete the examination work in the Russian language. The work consists of 3 parts.

Part 1 contains tasks (A1 – A16) for spelling.

Part 2 includes tasks (B1 – B10) on punctuation.

In the first two parts of the presented answer options, only one option is correct.

Part 3 consists of one task (C1) and is a short written work on the text (essay).

We advise you to complete the tasks in the order in which they are given. To save time, skip a task that you cannot complete immediately and move on to the next one. If you have time left after completing all the work, you can return to the missed tasks.

The correct answer, depending on the complexity of each task, is awarded one or more points. The points you receive for all completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score as many points as possible.
Part 1
When completing the tasks of this part, in the answer form, under the number of the task you are performing (A1 - A16), put an “x” in the box whose number corresponds to the number of the answer you have chosen.

A1	In which row in all three words is the unstressed vowel of the root being tested missing? 1) por...day, f...nar, t...atral, k...dream 2) to...commentary, obligatory, download, manage... 3) to...habits, showed...up, separated,...grows up 4) ed...leak, charming, star...sing, swallow...
A2	Which answer option contains all the words where the letter O is missing? A. sh...mouths B. doomed V. gulch...nock G. penny jewelry 1) A, D 2) A, B 3) A, B, D 4) B, D
A3	1) pr…to land, pr…title, pr…acquired 2) not...marked, protected, n...ripe 3) in...walking, and...rooting, thoughtless 4) monkey, mad...furious, comp...yuter
A4	In which row in all words is the letter A written in place of the gap? 1) k...leidoscope, met...morphosis, euc...lipt, am...ral 2) st…tistica, et…zherka, ultra…marine, p…pedestal 3) k...ravan, k...concert, p...ntomime, graceful 4) p...radox, tr...mplin, g...harmony, sh...mpignon
A5	In which word is Y written in place of the gap? 1) by...find 2) un...play 3) overly...impulsive 4) disinfection
A6	Which answer option contains all the words where the letter E is missing? A. thin ass... B. h...porn nobleman B. setting the barn on fire G. set fire to paper 1) A, B 2) A, C 3) A, D 4) A, C, D
A7	In which row is the same letter missing in all three words? 1) without...nuclear, under...yachy, with...moving 2) ra...trade, worthless, and...disappear 3) pr…created (wicket), pr…knelt (knees), pr…gained 4) s...hard worker, un...opinionated, s...changer
A8	Which answer option contains all the words where the letter I is missing? A. interrogate B. writhe B. sustainable G. retail 1) A, B, D 2) A, B, C 3) C, D 4) A, C, D
A9	Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers replaced by one letter N? When flax(1)The old things in the house grew old, they were replaced with fresh ones, and again(2)written by rural weavers in ancient times(3)y machines. 1) 1 2) 2, 3 3) 3 4) 1, 2, 3
A10	In which series of sentences are NOT words written separately? 1) They (had) nothing to be proud of. We drove past a (not) wide mountain river. It is difficult to have (not) dozens of strength. 2) Now he (has) nowhere to rush. It's easy to fall into (in)conceptions. There is (no) place for him to expect help from. 3) The huge crane shook as if it were (not) steel, but bamboo. We entered a (not) large bright room. 4) The bridge across the river is (not) built. The document is (not) signed. So he stood there completely alone for a minute, (not) daring to move on.
A11	In which sentence are both highlighted words written together? 1) The sun quietly sank behind the mountains, cast a farewell ray (TO) ABOVE, and Baikal THAT(HOUR) reflected its gentle light. 2) On Earth, even before the appearance of man (B) FOR millions of years, the mountain ranges rising from the waters of the sea were undermined by snow waters, and ALSO by glaciers that descended from the mountain peaks. 3) Chopin’s music stirred up memories; its sounds, JUST like in childhood, made my throat ache and I wanted people to be happy. 4) Andrei Rublev was (TRULY) an outstanding master of ancient Russian painting, but little is known about him: (FROM) THAT distant time, only a miniature on which the artist is depicted has survived.
A12	In which row in both words is the letter I written in place of the gap? 1) bed...bed, top... 2) exit...sh, verified 3) hope...unless... 4) limit...sh, hear...my
	In which row is the letter U missing from all words? 1) the wind tickles the face, sounds are heard 2) walls are collapsing, moving artillery 3) lightning flashing...t, swaying branches 4) leaves are holding on, flags are fluttering
	Read the text and complete tasks A14, A15
	... (2) One is the method of the ant, which drags into its anthill everything that comes across it along the way. (3) This is “creeping” empiricism. (4) The second is the spider method, which draws a thread from itself. (5) This is rationalistic scholasticism. (6)… the method of the bee, which collects nectar from different flowers in its hive and turns it into honey, is Bacon’s own method, the method of induction.
A14	Which sentence should be number 1? 1) The induction method differs significantly from the trial and error method. 2) The functional method primarily involves the analysis of units at different levels of language. 3) Francis Bacon believed that there are three methods of scientific knowledge. 4) The source of knowledge, according to Bacon, is not only experience, but also reflection.
A15	What word or combination of words can be at the beginning of sentence 6? 1) In other words 2) And finally, 3) Therefore, 4) Therefore
A16	What is the meaning of the word METHOD in sentence 2? 1) action plan 2) the ability to perform actions 3) a method of theoretical research or practical implementation of something 4) routine of affairs, actions

Part 2
When completing tasks in this part, in the answer form, under the number of the task you are performing (B1 - B10), put an “x” in the box whose number corresponds to the number of the answer you chose.

B1	Provide the correct explanation for the use of a comma or its absence in the sentence. The wind turned into a hurricane () and the kingdom of silence turned into utter hell. 1) Sentence with homogeneous members, before the conjunction And a comma is not needed. 2) The sentence is complex, there is no need for a comma before the conjunction. 3) The sentence is complex, a comma is needed before the conjunction AND. 4) A simple sentence with homogeneous members, before the conjunction And a comma is needed.
B2	In a black cloud(1) resting on the ridge of the western mountains(2) hid(3) the sun tired during the day (4). 1) 1, 2 2) 2, 3 3) 1, 3 4) 1, 2, 3, 4
B3	Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentences? On a hot July afternoon (1) it was as if (2) everything stood still in the city. Even the trees (3) seemed (4) to stand dejected and motionless, as if exhausted from the unbearable heat. 1) 1, 2, 3, 4 2) 3 3) 3, 4 4) 1, 3
B4	Specify a sentence that requires a single comma? (There are no punctuation marks.) 1) Literature needs both talented writers and talented readers. 2) On the first snow in aspen and birch groves, you come across hare and squirrel tracks. 3) During a test lesson or oral exam, strive to construct your answer in the form of a coherent statement. 4) The forest and field and flowering meadow are flooded with sun.
B5	His guilt is great and lies in the following () he is educated, knows how to speak and think better than many, and people, as you know, do not tolerate superiority over themselves. 1) A colon is placed, the second part of the non-union sentence has a causal meaning. 2) A dash is placed, the content of the second part is contrasted with the content of the first. 3) A dash is inserted, the second part has the meaning of the output. 4) A colon is placed, the second part complements the first, revealing the statement contained in it.
	Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence? Tree-like peonies (1) whose leaves (2) (3) fly away for the winter (4) over time turn into lushly flowering spreading bushes. 1) 1, 4 2) 2 3) 3 4) 1, 2, 4
	Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence? At the fifteenth mile the rear tire burst (1) and (2) while he was repairing it on the edge of the ditch (3) the larks were ringing over the fields (4) as if they were worried about him. 1) 1, 3, 4 2) 1, 2, 3, 4 3) 2, 3 4) 1, 2, 4
	Which answer option correctly indicates all the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence? A book (1) can be (2) interesting and boring. The weather (3) may (4) get worse by the evening. 1) 1, 2 2) 3, 4 3) 1, 2, 3, 4 4) 1, 3
B9	Provide the correct explanation for the punctuation in this sentence. The wind blew from the mountains (it will rain). 1) A comma is placed in a complex sentence. 2) A colon is placed, the second part of the non-union sentence has a causal meaning. 3) A dash is placed, the second sentence contains an unexpected result, a change of events. 4) A dash is placed, the second sentence contains a conclusion, a consequence of what is said in the first.
B10	Read the text and complete the task. On the surface of our body and inside it live a huge number of bacteria, visible only under a strong microscope: on a small piece of skin the size of a little fingernail, there are five million bacteria. Most bacteria are safe for the human body and are even necessary for its functioning, but some types are dangerous - they can cause diseases. This is why it is important to wash your hands with soap before eating. Which of the following sentences correctly conveys the main information contained in the text? 1) Most bacteria living on human skin are safe for the body and are even necessary for its functioning. 2) A huge number of bacteria live in the human body, visible only under a strong microscope: on a small piece of skin the size of a little fingernail, there are five million bacteria. 3) In addition to a huge number of bacteria that are safe or necessary for the human body, pathogenic bacteria may appear on the surface of the skin. 4) Before eating, you must wash your hands with soap, since many bacteria, including pathogenic ones, live on human skin.

Part 3
Read the text and write an essay based on the text you read.

Formulate and comment on one of the problems posed by the author of the text (avoid excessive quoting).

Formulate position of the author (storyteller). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Justify your answer, relying primarily on reading experience, as well as knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).

The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded. If the essay is a retelling or a complete rewrite of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write your essay neatly and in legible handwriting.

Almost everyone who fought was wounded at least once. Someone helped him on the battlefield. And he himself saved others. Helping a comrade, sometimes associated with mortal risk, became commonplace every day of the war.

The year was 1942. One day, returning to the camp, the partisans of one of the Belarusian detachments brought the wounded Stepan Nesynov. A shrapnel touched the thigh and pierced the body. The detachment's paramedic, Alexander Vergun, examined the wounded man and said: an operation is needed. It is impossible to do it in the forest. Everyone understood that Stepan was doomed. He was twenty years old.

In the face of danger, everyone is equal in war. Looking at their wounded comrade, helplessly spread out on a raincoat, the partisans thought that this could happen to any of them. And they experienced the pain of their comrade as if it were their own.

No one yet knew in the camp that commander M.K. Bazhanov and Commissioner A.I. Avdeev, bending over the map, began to draw a route from the partisan detachment to the front line. In order to get to the front line from near Orsha, it was necessary to go through the areas of the Vitebsk and Smolensk regions.

From all the volunteers, six brave guys were selected: Pavel Markin, Viktor Pravdin, Sergei Shcherbakov, Alexey Andreev, Ivan Golovenkov. The group leader was Boris Galushkin.

The partisan detachment hastily prepared for the road. They prepared a stretcher: a tent was attached to two poles. They put cartridges and crackers in duffel bags. The wounded Stepan asked to put a grenade next to him and tied twine to the ring. If enemies surround him, he himself will pull the ring... Setting out on the journey, no one knew what difficulties and trials would have to be overcome.

The partisans were always surrounded; there was often a shortage of food as well as ammunition. Therefore, when they took the wounded man on their shoulders, they felt how weak they were. They replaced each other often. They carried the stretcher, literally staggering from fatigue; in some places, lifting it above themselves, they made their way waist-deep in the swamp. They only walked at night. They chose the most remote places in the forest.

“Of course, it was the wounded man who had the hardest time,” says Viktor Aleksandrovich Pravdin. “We shook him, stumbling in the thicket of the forest.” In addition, many of us have developed night blindness due to poor nutrition. All objects and distances in the twilight seemed distorted to us. We fell often. They even dropped the stretcher. Stepan endured everything courageously.” On the way, the wound was treated with alcohol and potassium permanganate, the bandages were boiled over a fire, often filled with swamp water. Then body shirts were used for bandages.

The small mobile garrison was ready to take the fight at any moment... We almost got surrounded by the Germans, stopping for the night in one of the villages... We fought across the railway and escaped, desperately shooting back, only in the swamps, hiding in the darkness.

The partisans reached their own in one of the districts of the Kalinin region on the nineteenth day of the journey.

During the war, incidents occurred more than once that went beyond the usual ideas about the capabilities of the human will and his bodily strength. Surgeons at the military hospital found that the condition of Stepan Nesynov’s wounds did not worsen during the difficult journey, but improved. There was no contamination of blood or suppuration. And this despite the swamp mud, cold, and shaking.

The feat of partnership reflected the character of the future winners. They were ready to overcome the seemingly overwhelming work and the dangers that surrounded them on all sides. The will to live united with the will to Victory.

Years later, V.A. Pravdin will say: “Stepan Nesynov survived because he believed in us, and we believed in each other.”
(According to L.P. Ovchinnikova)

Entrance exams in the Russian language

Control matrix

Option 1

Part 1

Job No.	1	2	3	4	points
A1				X	3
A2			X		3
A3	X				3
A4				X	3
A5		X			3
A6			X		3
A7		X			3
A8				X	3
A9	X				3
A10				X	3
A11	X				3
A12				X	3
A13			X		3
A14			X		3
A15		X			3
A16			X		2

Maximum score for part 1 – 47 points

Part 2

Job No.	1	2	3	4	points
B1			X		3
B2	X				3
B3			X		3
B4	X				3
B5				X	3
B6	X				3
B7		X			3
B8		X			3
B9				X	3
B10				X	3

Maximum score for part 2 – 30 points

№	Criteria for assessing the answer to task C1	Points
I	Contents of the essay
K1	Formulation of source text problems
	The examinee (in one form or another) correctly formulated one of the problems of the source text. There are no factual errors related to the understanding and formulation of the problem	1
	The examinee was unable to correctly formulate any of the problems in the source text.	0
K2	Commentary on the formulated problem of the source text
	The problem formulated by the examinee is commented on based on the source text. There are no factual errors related to understanding the source text problem in the comments	2
	Problem formulated by the examinee original text is commented, But without relying on the source text, or allowed in comments 1 factual error related to understanding the source text	1
	The problem formulated by the examinee was not commented on, or there were more than 1 factual errors in the comments related to understanding the source text, or commented another, Not formulated examinee problem, or a simple retelling of the text or its fragment is given as comments, or a large fragment of the source text is quoted as comments	0

short circuit	Reflection of the position of the author of the source text
	The examinee correctly formulated the position of the author (narrator) of the source text on the commented problem.	1
	There are no factual errors related to understanding the position of the author of the source text
	The position of the author of the source text by the examinee is formulated incorrectly, or the position of the author of the source text is not formulated.	0
K4	Argumentation by the examinee of his own opinion on the problem
	The examinee expressed his opinion on the problem formulated by him, posed by the author of the text (agreeing or disagreeing with the position of the author), argued it (gave at least 2 arguments, one of which was taken from fiction, journalistic or scientific literature)	3
	The examinee expressed his opinion on the problem formulated by him, posed by the author of the text (agreeing or disagreeing with the position of the author), argued it (gave at least 2 arguments based on knowledge and life experience), or provided only 1 argument from fiction, journalistic or scientific literature.	2
	The examinee expressed his opinion on the problem formulated by him, posed by the author of the text (agreeing or disagreeing with the position of the author), argued it (gave 1 argument), relying on knowledge and life experience.	1
	The examinee formulated his opinion on the problem posed by the author of the text (agreeing or disagreeing with the position of the author), but did not give any arguments, or The examinee’s opinion is stated only formally (for example:	0
	“I agree / disagree with the author”), or the examinee's opinion is not at all reflected V work

II	Speech design of the essay
K5	Semantic integrity, speech coherence and consistency of presentation
	The work of the examinee is characterized by semantic integrity, verbal coherence and consistency of presentation: - there are no logical errors, the sequence of presentation is not broken; - there are no violations of paragraph division of the text in the work	2
	The examinee’s work reveals a communicative intent, But more than 1 logical error was made, and/or there are 2 cases of violation of paragraph division of the text	0
KB	Accuracy and expressiveness of speech
	The work of the examinee is characterized by the accuracy of expression of thoughts and the variety of grammatical structure of speech. *Higher point By this the test taker receives the criterion only in case if the highest score was obtained according to criterion K10	2
	The work of the examinee is characterized by the accuracy of expression of thoughts, But the monotony of the grammatical structure of speech can be traced, or the work of the examinee is characterized by a variety of grammatical structure of speech, But there are violations of the accuracy of expression of thoughts	1
	The work of the examinee is characterized by a poor vocabulary and monotony of grammatical structure of speech	0
III	Literacy
K7	Compliance with spelling standards
	no spelling errors (or 1 minor error)	3
	no more than 2 mistakes were made	2
	3-4 mistakes were made	1
	more than 4 mistakes were made	0
K8	Compliance with punctuation standards
	no punctuation errors (or 1 minor error)	3
	1-3 mistakes were made	2
	4-5 mistakes were made	1
	more than 5 mistakes were made	0

K9	Compliance with language norms
	no grammatical errors	2
	1-2 mistakes were made	1
	more than 2 mistakes were made	0
K10	Compliance with speech norms
	no more than 1 speech error was made	2
	2-3 mistakes were made	1
	more than 3 mistakes were made	0
K11	Compliance with ethical standards
	there are no ethical errors in the work	1
	ethical mistakes were made (1 or more)	0
K12	Maintain factual accuracy in background material
	there are no factual errors in the background material	1
	there were factual errors (1 or more) in the background material	0
Maximum number of points for all written work (K1-K12)		23

When assessing literacy (K7-K10), the length of the essay should be taken into account; The assessment standards indicated in the table are designed for essays of 150-300 words."

If the essay contains less than 70 words, then such work is not counted and is scored zero points, the task is considered uncompleted.

When evaluating an essay ranging from 70 to 150 words, the number of permissible errors of four types (K7-K10) decreases. 2 points according to these criteria are given in the following cases:

K7 - there are no spelling errors (or 1 minor error was made);

K8 - no punctuation errors (or 1 minor error).

1 point according to these criteria is given in the following cases:

K7 - no more than 2 mistakes were made;

K8 - 1-3 mistakes were made;

K9 - no grammatical errors;

K10 - no more than 1 speech error was made.

The highest score according to criteria K7-K12 is not given for work ranging from 70 to 150 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work in all aspects of the test (K1-K12) is scored zero points.

If the work, which is a rewritten or retold source text, contains fragments of the examinee’s text, then only the number of words that belong to the examinee is taken into account when checking. Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded.

1 If the essay contains partially or completely rewritten by the examinee the text of the review of task B8 and/or information about the author of the text, then the volume of such work is determined without taking into account the text of the review and/or information about the author of the text.

Assessing the examination work of applicants
Each correctly completed task of Part 1 and Part 2 is correlated with a certain point, reflecting its level of difficulty.

The maximum score for part 1 is 47 points.

The maximum score for part 2 is 30 points.

The maximum score for part 3 is 23 points.

All work is worth a maximum of 100 points.

Nature

1. Understanding the beauty of nature (S.T. Aksakov; V. Soloukhin)
(1) A sense of nature is innate to all of us...
(1) I look at the crowds in surprise...
2. Understanding the beauty of the surrounding world (Yu. Olesha)
(1) There is nothing more beautiful than rosehip bushes!..
3. Admiring nature (V. Soloukhin)
(1)Anecdote about the Japanese (a real case that sounds anecdotal)…
4. Unsolved mysteries of nature (G. Rogov)
(1) Why do you, God, tell me...
5. Relationships between man and nature (M. Prishvin; S. Lvov; S. Zalygin)
(1) To understand nature, you must be...
(1) One summer our family was on vacation...
(1) Literature, as you know, always...
6. The moral attitude of man to living and “dead” nature (D.S. Likhachev)
(1) Morality is especially needed in the modern world...
7. Cruel attitude towards nature (V. Konetsky)
(1) Once on my watch in October...
8. The unity of all things on Earth (D. Granin)
(1) Once upon a time, an ancient Chinese philosopher...
9. Consequences of isolation from the outside world (V. Soloukhin)
(1) Plant a grain in the ground and...
10. Philosophical understanding of autumn (K. Paustovsky)
(1) The closer to old age, the...
11. Human awareness of the value of nature (V. Soloukhin)
(1) There is accurate human observation...
12. Human responsibility to nature (K. Paustovsky)
(1)...This fall I spent the night with grandfather Larion...
13. The barbaric attitude of man to nature (V. Astafiev)
(1) The boy laughs, bursts into laughter...
14. Ecological disaster (G. Rogov)
(1) The past, respectively, and the future of the Earth...

Culture

15. Ecology of culture (D.S. Likhachev)
(1)Ecology is a view of...
16. Historical memory (M. Belyash)
(1) I remember those April days of 1961...
17. Relations to the historical past (I. Rudenko)
(1)On Leningradskoye Highway, not far from...
18. The meaning of memory of the past (V. Astafiev)
(1) It’s been eleven years since I...
19. Preservation of monuments of the past (K. Paustovsky)
(1) Much has been written about Auschwitz...
20. Respect for the past (B. Vasiliev)
(1) In those days the house was old, black...
21. Recognition of the values ​​of the cultural heritage of humanity (D.S. Likhachev)
(1) Once upon a time, about a dozen or two years ago...
22. Relationships to holy places (V.M. Peskov)
(1) From what does enormous human love grow...
23. The influence of mass culture on humans (P. Izmailov)
(1) “Take your head on vacation!” - such a call...
24. True and false intelligence (D.S. Likhachev; D.S. Likhachev)
(1) Once upon a time, a very long time ago, they sent me...
(1) Many people think: an intelligent person is...

Art

25. Talanta (M.M. Prishvin)
(1) One morning, walking through the forest...
26. Giftedness (Ya. Golovanov)
(1) There are many myths surrounding the name...
27. Education of true masters of art (L.P. Mozgovoy)
(1) I recently read in an interview with a city official...
28. The roles of music in human life (V. Astafiev)

29. Purposes of art (A.I. Solzhenitsyn)
(1) Archaeologists do not discover such early...
30. The significance of art (D. Granin)
(1) A few years after the war I...
31. The impact of art on humans (V. Astafiev)
(1) On the outskirts of our village stood...
32. Appreciations of beauty and attitudes towards art (K.I. Krivosheina)
(1) Following Fyodor Mikhailovich, we...
33. Worldviews in art (F. Iskander)
(1) It has long been noted that complete illiteracy...
34. The roles of artists in people’s lives (I. Gontsov)
(1) For some reason, many modern pop stars...

Education

35. The roles of science in people’s lives (V. Kharchenko)
(1) It’s difficult to do science...
36. Serving science (Ya. Golovanov)
(1) Archimedes lived such an unimaginably long time ago...
37. The roles of education (A.F. Losev)
(1) Leaving everything aside for now...
38. Understanding the essence of education (S. Kokorina)
(1) Education... (2) This word has a great meaning...
39. Exercises (A.F. Losev)
(1) That everyone needs to learn...
40. Differences between the concepts of “intelligence” and “education” (P.I. Marikovsky)
(1) A wise man never boasts of his wisdom...
41. Occult Sciences (A. Sukhotin)

42. Readings (G. Baklanov)
(1) At the end of his life Goethe said...
43. The role of books in human life (Yu. Olesha)
(1) Sequoia lives for thousands of years...
44. The significance of books in human life (P. Weil and A. Genis)
(1) For Russia, classical literature is...
45. Choosing a book (V. Ivanov)
(1) Do you love literature so much...
46. ​​Reading books “for the soul” (V. Soloukhin)
(1) It is known that young people are mastering...
47. Replacement of ordinary books with electronic ones (K. Zhurenkov)
(1) Computers and the Internet are replacing books...
48. The writer’s influence on the formation of personality (V. Bykov; V. Rasputin)
(1) Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy entered for the first time...
(1)...There are fewer and fewer places where you can...
49. The roles of diary entries (S.G. Kasparinskaya)
(1) “Keep a diary,” the father told his daughters...
50. Displacement of literature by virtual entertainment (M. Gelprin)
(1) The call came when Andrei Petrovich...
51. Purposes of poetry (Yu. Lotman)
(1) The concept of “bad” and “good” poetry...
52. The deep content of A.P.’s plays Chekhov (K.S. Stanislavsky)
(1) Chekhov’s plays are not immediately discovered...
53. Creative insights F.M. Dostoevsky (Yu. Karyakin)
(1) Dostoevsky has been reproached for almost a century...

Language

54. Maintaining correct Russian speech, sensitivity to words (I. Rudenko)
(1) Wow! (2) It turns out that sounds...
55. Foreign words in the Russian language (V.V. Kolesov)
(1)In the 17-volume academic dictionary...
56. Preserving correct literary speech, sensitivity to words, combating foul language, intolerance to swearing (S. Vinogradov)
(1) One of the signs that befell us...
57. Connections between language and society (V. Kostomarov)
(1) Everyone knows that the hour hand...
58. Ecology of the Russian language (T. Zharova)
(1) What a mirror of life our language is!..
59. Careful attitude towards the Russian language (S. Kaznacheev)
(1) You are walking down the street, and suddenly...
60. Language tolerance (A. Bitov)
(1) For the first time in my life I caught...
61. Meanings of the native language (I.L. Ilyin)
(1) And she gave one more gift...
62. Assessments of good speech (O.B. Sirotinina)
(1) The accuracy of a spoken word cannot...
63. Features of the Russian language (origin of names, patronymics, surnames) (V.V. Kolesov)
(1) A proper name “belongs to itself”...

Self-realization

64. Heredity and self-formation (L. Serova)
(1) The idea that everything in our life...
65. Realization of human natural potential (N. Mikhailov)
(1) Which parent does not dream of...
66. Life choice (T.M. Jafarli)
(1) During a military lesson, the teacher...
67. Fate, choice of life path (L. Zhukhovitsky)
(1) I hate dictators - nothing good for humanity...

Work

68. Cultivating the right attitude towards work (A. Berdnikova)
(1) From the great wordsmith Vladimir Dahl...
69. Choosing a profession (E. Grishkovets)
(1) I wanted to be a student...
70. Devotion to one’s work (S. Sivokon)

War

71. The occurrence of wars and their causes (D. Mironov)
(1) It’s worth singing the war anthem...
72. Horrors of war (E. Krieger)
(1)District power station on the outskirts...
73. Unity of the whole society in the fight against fascist invaders (D.N. Medvedev)
(1) When the punitive forces ambushed...
74. Perceptions of war (L. Andreev)
(1) I was sitting in a bathtub with hot water...
75. The moral choice of a person in war (V. Bykov)
(1) Battalion commander Kolesnik was already leaving...
76. A person’s responsibility for his actions in war (G. Baklanov)
(1) It was the month of May, already the sixth day...
77. Attitudes of a person who went through the war (Yu. Bondarev)
(1) We were twenty years old then...
78. War and military childhood (T. Pertseva)
(1) Here it is again, the Ninth of May...
79. Women and wars (S. Alexievich)
(1) In the most terrible war...
80. Partnerships during the war (L.P. Ovchinnikova)
(1) Almost everyone who fought...
81. Preserving humanity in the most terrible living conditions (V. Tendryakov)
(1) That was the first quiet night in the broken Stalingrad...
82. Preservation of human dignity and generosity in war (V. Astafiev)
(1) It was May forty-three...

Courage

83. Development of willpower (S. Soloveichik)
(1) There are dozens of books and brochures...
84. Overcoming fear, courage (B. Zhitkov)
(1) I thought about her a lot...
85. Essences of heroism (A.N. Kuznetsov)
(1) There are animals that cannot hear...
86. Courage and heroism (K.G. Paustovsky)
(1) Captain Scott's expedition...
87. The meaning of the concept of “honor” (D. Granin)
(1) Many consider the concept of honor outdated...
88. Preserving honor and dignity (D. Shevarov)
(1) In a letter to his wife on May 18, 1836...
89. Preservation of human dignity (N.S. Gumilyov)
(1) The whole end of this summer...
90. Defense of honor (V.P. Aksenov)

Story

91. Why don’t the biographies of wonderful people end with their death? (V. Krasnogorov)
(1) You can name a few people...
92. Childhood in a totalitarian state (V. Shalamov)
(1) It was an ordinary school notebook...
93. Dissatisfaction with one’s time (V. Degoev)
(1) Every generation has reasons...

Scientific and technological progress

94. The influence of scientific and technological progress on people (V. Soloukhin)
(1) Technology made powerful...
95. The influence of television on human cognitive and creative activity (V. Soloukhin)
(1) The editors told me...

Motherland

96. Nostalgia for the Motherland (S. Dovlatov)
(1) This letter arrived miraculously...
97. Love for the Motherland (E. Vorobyov)
(1) Private Fedoseev, the telephone operator, appeared...
98. Patriotism and nationalism (Z.A. Sokolova)
(1) “I love my fatherland, but with a strange love...”...
99. National idea, spirituality (G. Rogov)
(1) Recently we have often heard...
100. Awareness of civil and military duty (V. Bykov)
(1) The basement was dark and quiet...
101. Love for the Motherland (Yu.V. Panchenko)
(1) My Kazakhstan has always been mine...
102. Homesickness (V. Astafiev)
(1) On the outskirts of our village...
103. Feelings of the homeland (V. Konetsky)
(1) One day on my watch...

Russia

104. Russian national character (I.L. Ilyin)
(1) Russia has given us huge...
105. Mysteries of the Russian soul (using the example of wanderers) (to F.I. Shalyapin)
(1) In the past, when I...

Beauty

106. The role of beauty in the revival of the human soul (E. Shim)
(1) The first post-war spring came to Leningrad...
107. Natural spiritual beauty and sensitivity, the need for beauty (E. Nosov)
(1) First of all, Pelageya went...
108. Prejudice towards the individual (S. Sivokon)
(1) With the release of the series “The Lives of Remarkable People”...

Friendship

109. True Love and true Friendship (E. Sikirich)
(1) True Love and true Friendship...
110. True and false friendship (I.A. Krylov)
(1) At all times, friendship was revered...
111. Achieving ways of mutual understanding between representatives of different nations (V. Ovchinnikov)
(1) To understand an unfamiliar country...
112. Coexistence of people in the modern world (I.K. Barabash)
(1) The world we live in...
113. Tolerance (V. Novik; A.A. Sorin)
(1) It is generally accepted that humanity lacks...
(1) There is a word that is quite fashionable today...

Family

114. Family education (Yu.L. Azarov; M.V. Kravtsova)
(1) Games of “Mothers and Daughters”, “Our House”...
(1) Selfless love for Russia...
115. Education (M.P. Alpatov; M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin; L.A. Zhukhovitsky)
(1) The result of upbringing sometimes seems...
(1) Conscience is gone. (2) And no one guessed...
(1) Once upon a time there was a state...
116. Relationships between children and parents (parents’ lies about the path to happiness) (Yu. Moroz)
(1) Youth, as before, as always...
117. The influence of adults on the formation of a teenager’s personality (A. Popov)
(1) Spun in the wild dance of autumn...
118. Misunderstanding of parental love (N. Aksenova)
(1) As a child, I hated matinees...
119. Fathers and children (conflict of generations) (M. Ageeva)
(1) Then, when a big change began...
120. Relationships between generations (F. Iskander)
(1) Sixty-five-year-old Georgy Andreevich...
121. Connections between generations (V. Astafiev)
(1) I remember with shame how many...
122. Fathers and sons (A. Ivanova)
(1)In the last few years...
123. Generational changes (E. Korenevskaya)
(1) The editorial office of the magazine received...
124. Mutual understanding between different generations (V. Tendryakov)
(1) My heart aches, even if I scream...
125. Parental love (I.S. Turgenev)
(1) I was returning from hunting and walked...
126. Relationships in the family between a man and a woman (Yu.P. Azarov)
(1) Games of “Mothers and Daughters”...

Growing up

127. The roles of childhood in human life (F. Iskander)
(1) Now, wherever I live..
128. The roles of youth in a person’s life (N.V. Suvorova)
(1) The great German philosopher Immanuel Kant...
129. The roles of youth in a person’s life (D.S. Likhachev)
(1)When I was at school...
130. Personality formation (V. Amlinsky)
(1) Returning to my childhood...
131. Growing up (V.P. Aksenov)
(1) We studied with Him in the same class...
132. Determining the life priorities of the current young generation (I. Maslov)
(1) Today's teenagers born...
133. Personality of the teacher (V. Peskov)
(1) The teacher wanted us to love the village...
134. The roles of the teacher in the lives of students (F.A. Abramov; D. Shevarov)
(1) One of the newspapers contacted me...
… (1) Now they are explaining to us that this is so...
135. Personality education in the learning process (I. Botov)
(1) We don’t need educated people...
136. Modern children’s choice of a positive hero-character (V. Kudelina)
(1) These thoughts prompted me...

Happiness

137. Happiness (A. Aleksin)
(1) The writer lives for them...
138. The meaning of life, the purpose of man (N. Mikhailov)
(1) The longer I live, the more...
139. Philosophical unity of happiness and unhappiness (A.S. Makarenko)
(1) Happiness and unhappiness always go together...
140. The meaning of life (Ruben Gallego)
(1) I am a hero. (2) It's easy to be a hero...
141. Dreams come true (A. Yablokov)
(1) Older people love...
142. Understanding of happiness (A.P. Chekhov)
(1)Near the wide steppe road...
143. Inability to enjoy life (V. Niklyaev)
(1)...Lights are shining on the evening streets...

True

144. Understanding the secrets of human life (V. Astafiev)
(1) I was walking through the forest. (2) Somehow in me...
145. Philosophies of life (D.A. Gusev)
(1) Gautama was young, healthy and rich...
146. Awareness and expression of truth (L.N. Tolstoy)
(1) In order for things to happen...
147. True and false values ​​(I.I. Mikhailova; A.I. Kuprin)
(1)“Being famous is not beautiful...
(1) – It has come to my attention...
148. A person’s relationship to himself and his life (I.I. Ivanova)
(1)Masha jumped off the sofa...
149. Ambiguities of the human soul, spiritual improvement (M. Prishvin)
(1) All my life I have heard the word “soul”...
150. Human relations (V. Soloukhin)
(1) There was a war going on, which we...
151. Moral values ​​(M.S. Kryukov)
(1) “I’m better, I’m smarter than everyone else”...
152. Concepts of spirituality (S. Soloveichik)
(1) Even the most developed people...
153. Conscience (S.S. Kachalkov)
(1) Sergei Nikolaevich Pletenkin returned home...
154. Origin and education of conscience (F. Iskander)
(1)Where does human conscience come from?..
155. The purpose of man (N.V. Gogol)
(1)… My strength weakens every minute, but not my spirit...
156. Sacrifice for the sake of your opinion (D. Granin)
(1) Two extreme, opposing types of scientists...
157. Choice (A. Vladimirov)
(1) In the evening, the young shepherd Grishka Efimov...
158. The importance of choice (V. Konetsky)
(1) Shatalov lit the stove and sat down himself...
159. How are high human feelings expressed? (Yu. Nagibin)
(1) Oska went to war...
160. Human memory (R.S. Savinov)
(1) In the summer when I graduated from ninth grade...
161. People’s relationships to dreams (G. Rogov)
(1) “I’m having a dream, here you go!..”...
162. Superstitions (N. Mikhailov)
(1) I leave home for work and...
163. Achieving a goal (using the example of the relationship between pseudoscience and true science) (A. Sukhotin)
(1) Pseudoscience is closely related to the so-called...

imperfection of society

164. Social inequality and immorality (A.P. Chekhov)
(1) On a well-fed, shiny face...
165. Social inequality (E. Ryazanov)
(1) In order to work more closely...
166. Freedom of speech, relationship to the official point of view (G. Smirnov)
(1)Recently, in an article by prominent linguist N. Vashkevich...
167. Censorship (A. Voroshilov)
(1) Censorship was born along with the first book...
168. Mass terror and political instability (I.M. Efimov)
(1) The twentieth century was marked by...
169. The predominance of the material over the moral (N.V. Gogol)
(1) Entering the hall, Chichikov...

Loneliness

170. Loneliness (I. Novikov)
(1) It was one of those autumn days...
171. Loneliness in old age (A.A. Aleksin)
(1) The house where my grandmother lived...
172. Human limitations (V.A. Soloukhin)
(1) We sometimes talk about other people...

Good

173. Understanding of true mercy (F. Iskander)
(1) I walk through the underground passage...
174. Compassion (S. Lvov)
(1) Compassion is an active helper...
175. Mercy (A. Green; Yu. Trifonov)
(1) A wounded man was brought to the barracks...
(1)Volodya often amazed me...
176. Preserving humanity in difficult times (K. Vorobyov)
(1) Everyone returned from the war in their own way...
177. Generosity, kindness, respect for people (V. Droganov)
(1) I don’t even remember what it was called...
178. Nobility (Yu. Tsetlin)
(1) To prove that the nobility of man...
179. Optimism (M. Belyash)
(1) Defender of the Fatherland Day rattled its armor...
180. Acknowledgments (Z.I. Tripolskaya)
(1) I’m sitting in the living room of my overseas friend...
181. Attitudes towards selflessness (V. Astafiev)
(1) On the far, far shore of Lake Hantaiki...
182. Ethics in dispute (L. Pavlova)
(1)Did you know that there are many...

183. Why does evil find its manifestation even in our peaceful and civilized era? (L. Sailor)
(1) 60 years have passed since the end of...
184. Indifference of people to each other (K.G. Paustovsky)
(1) Katerina Ivanovna never, no matter what...
185. Rudeness (S. Dovlatov)
(1) They say that the writer Vladimir Nabokov...
186. Greed (N. Varentsov)
(1) Vasily Fedotov was...
187. Selfishness, lack of compassion (B. Vasiliev)
– (1) Grandma, this is for you,” Tanya said...
188. Ignorance, inflated self-esteem (on the Internet) (A.A. Zaliznyak)
(1)Freedom of the press and the emergence of the Internet...

(1) Almost everyone who fought was wounded at least once. (2) Someone helped him on the battlefield. (3) And he himself saved others. (4) Helping a comrade, sometimes associated with mortal risk, has become an ordinary thing every day of the war. (5) The year was 1942. (6) One day, returning to the camp, the partisans of one of the detachments of Belarus brought the wounded Stepan Nesynov. (7) A shrapnel touched the thigh and pierced the body. (8) The detachment's paramedic, Alexander Vergun, examined the wounded man and said: an operation is needed. (9) It is impossible to do it in the forest. (10) Everyone understood that Stepan was doomed. (11) He was twenty years old. (12) In the face of danger, everyone is equal in war. (13) Looking at the wounded comrade helplessly spread out on the raincoat, the partisans thought that this could happen to any of them. (14) And they experienced the pain of their comrade as if it were their own. (15) No one yet knew in the camp that commander M.K. Bazhanov and Commissioner A.I. Avdeev, bending over the map, began to draw a route from the partisan detachment to the front line. (16) In order to get to the front line from near Orsha, it was necessary to go through the regions of the Vitebsk and Smolensk regions. (17) From all the volunteers, six brave guys were selected: Pavel Markin, Viktor Pravdin, Sergei Shcherbakov, Alexey Andreev, Ivan Golovenkov. (18) The leader of the group was Boris Galushkin. (19) The partisan detachment hastily prepared for the road. (20) They prepared a stretcher: a tent was attached to two poles. (21) They put cartridges and crackers in duffel bags. (22) The wounded Stepan asked to put a grenade next to him and tied twine to the ring. (23) If enemies surround him, he himself will pull the ring... (24) Setting out on the journey, no one knew what difficulties and trials would have to be overcome. (25) The partisans were always surrounded; there was often a shortage of food as well as ammunition. (26) Therefore, when they took the wounded man on their shoulders, they felt how weak they were. (27) They often replaced each other. (28) They carried the stretcher, literally staggering from fatigue, in places, lifting it above themselves, they made their way waist-deep in the swamp. (29) We walked only at night. (30) They chose the most remote places in the forest. (31) “Of course, it was the wounded man who had the hardest time,” says Viktor Aleksandrovich Pravdin. - We shook him, stumbling in the forest thicket. (32) In addition, many of us developed night blindness due to poor nutrition. (33) All objects and distances in the twilight seemed distorted to us. (34) We often fell. (35) They even dropped the stretcher. (36) Stepan endured everything courageously.” (37) On the way, the wound was treated with alcohol and potassium permanganate, the bandages were boiled over a fire, often filling the pot with swamp water. (38) Then body shirts were used for bandages. (39) The small mobile garrison was ready to take the fight at any moment... (40) They almost got surrounded by the Germans, stopping for the night in one of the villages... (41) They fought across the railway and escaped by desperately shooting back , only in the swamps, hiding in the darkness. (42) The partisans reached their own in one of the districts of the Kalinin region on the nineteenth day of the journey. (43) During the war, incidents occurred more than once that went beyond the usual ideas about the capabilities of the human will and his bodily strength. (44) Surgeons at the military hospital established that the condition of Stepan Nesynov’s wounds did not worsen during the difficult journey, but improved. (45) There was no blood poisoning or suppuration. (46) And this despite the swamp mud, cold, and shaking. (47) The feat of partnership was reflected in the character of the future winners. (48) They were ready to overcome both the seemingly overwhelming work and the dangers that surrounded them on all sides. (49) The will to live united with the will to Victory. (50) Years later, V.A. Pravdin will say: “Stepan Nesynov survived because he believed in us, and we believed in each other.”
(According to L.P. Ovchinnikova)

Show full text

During combat operations, a person often finds himself in a situation that cannot be overcome without the help of comrades who are ready to sacrifice themselves for each other. It is the problem of mutual assistance and self-sacrifice in war that the author of the text poses.

Many soldiers survived during the Great Patriotic War only thanks to their colleagues who came to the rescue in time. One such rescue story is presented in the text given for analysis. The narrator tells the story of partisans of one of the detachments of Belarus, who, having learned that their comrade could not carry out an operation in the field, decided to risk their lives to help him. They went on a hike in which they encountered many dangers: illness, meeting with the enemy, hunger. At the same time, the partisans did not give up, because they knew that if they surrendered, their comrade could no longer be saved. The wounded soldier Stepan himself was also ready to sacrifice himself for the sake of his colleagues. He asked to “put a grenade next to him” so that in case of an ambush he could detonate it, detaining the enemy.

This article first presents Ovchinnikova’s text for the Unified State Exam about a WWII soldier, and then presents the graduate’s essay for the Unified State Exam with arguments based on this text.

Part one. Text by L. Ovchinnikova Unified State Exam

1) Almost everyone who fought was wounded at least once. (2) Someone helped him on the battlefield. (3) And he himself saved others. (4) Helping a comrade, sometimes associated with mortal risk, has become an ordinary thing every day of the war. (5) The year was 1942. (b) One day, returning to the camp, the partisans of one of the Belarusian detachments brought in the wounded Stepan Nesynov. (7) A shrapnel touched the thigh and pierced the body. (B) Detachment paramedic Alexander Vergun, having examined the wounded man, said: an operation is needed. (9) It is impossible to do it in the forest. (Yu) Everyone understood that Stepan was doomed. (11) He was twenty years old. (12) In the face of danger, they are equal in war. (13) Looking at the wounded comrade helplessly spread out on the raincoat, the partisans thought that this could happen to any of them. (14) And they experienced the pain of their comrade as if it were their own. (15) No one yet knew in the camp that commander M.K. Bazhanov and Commissioner A.I. Avdeev, bending over the map, began to draw a route from the partisan detachment to the front line. (16) In order to get to the front line from near Orsha, it was necessary to go through the regions of the Vitebsk and Smolensk regions.

(17) From all the volunteers, six brave guys were selected: Pavel Markin, Viktor Pravdin, Sergei Shcherbakov, Alexey Andreev, Ivan Golovenkov. (18) The leader of the group was Boris Galushkin. (19) The partisan detachment hastily prepared for the road. (20) They prepared the tents: they attached a tent to two poles. (21) They put cartridges and crackers in duffel bags. (22) It is worth saying that the wounded Stepan proceeded to put a grenade next to him and tied a twine to the ring. (23) If enemies surround you, he will pull the ring himself... (24) Setting out on the journey, no one knew what difficulties and trials they would have to overcome. (25) The partisans were always surrounded; there was often a shortage of food as well as ammunition. (26) Therefore, when they took the wounded man on their shoulders, they felt how weak they were. (27) They often replaced each other. (28) In case the socks, literally staggering from fatigue, in some places, lifting them above themselves, made their way waist-deep in the swamp. (29) We walked only at night. (ZO) We chose the most remote places in the forest.

(31) “Of course, it was the wounded man who had the hardest time,” says Viktor Aleksandrovich Pravdin. - We shook him, stumbling in the forest thicket. (32) In addition, many of us developed night blindness due to poor nutrition. (33) All objects and distances in the twilight seemed distorted to us. (34) We often fell. (35) They even dropped their socks. (Zb) Stepan sank everything courageously.” (37) On the way, the wound was treated with alcohol and potassium permanganate, the bandages were boiled over a fire, and swamp water was rarely filled into the pot. (ZV) Then body shirts were used for bandages. (39) The small mobile garrison was ready to take the fight at any moment... (40) They almost got surrounded by the Germans, stopping for the night in one of the villages... (41) They fought across the railway and escaped by desperately shooting back , only in the swamps, hiding in the darkness. (42) The partisans reached their own in one of the districts of the Kalinin region on the nineteenth day of the journey.

(43) During the war, incidents occurred more than once that went beyond the usual ideas about the capabilities of the human will and his bodily functions. (44) Surgeons at the military hospital established that, in turn, the condition of Stepan Nesynov’s wounds did not worsen during the difficult journey, but improved. (45) There was no blood poisoning or suppuration. (46) And ϶ᴛᴏ ʜᴇlooking at the swamp mud, cold, shaking. (47) The feat of partnership was reflected in the character of the future winners. (48) They were ready to overcome both the seemingly incomplete work and the dangers that surrounded them on all sides. (49) The will to live united with the will to Victory. (50) Years later, V.A. Pravdiya will say: “Stepan Nesynov survived because he believed in us, and we believed in each other.”

For disclosure in my essay, I chose the following topic for this text: the problem of awakening in a person in critical situations special, unusual for him ϲᴎl.

Part two. My Unified State Exam essay

Introduction. War is a terrible time in the life history of any person. Almost each of us would probably like to avoid war throughout our lives. But, alas, it doesn’t always work out that way.

And just in a terrible, difficult, unbearable time of war, a person finds more strength in himself to survive. He becomes more resilient, more whole as a person, to cope with the difficulties that befall him. This is our essence - in the most dangerous circumstances we gather our will into a fist and fight for life.