The Vatican is the seat of the Holy See, the papal court and its staff. You won’t be able to go there just for a “visit,” but you can visit certain attractions. What tourist sites can you see in the Vatican?

The Vatican is the smallest state in the world, a dwarf enclave state. You cannot go there just like that, “on a visit,” but you can visit certain tourist sites here. Each of them has its own visiting order. What attractions can ordinary tourists see in the Vatican?

St. Peter's Square (Piazza San Pietro) is the largest Roman square, located at the western tip of the Holy City. Piazza San Pietro is surrounded on all sides by a colonnade. A white line is drawn on the stone tiles along the outer perimeter of the square. This is not just a marking, but the state border of the Vatican. The entire remaining territory of the state is surrounded by a medieval high wall.

The impregnable wall was built in the 16th century to protect sovereign territory from external invasions. The total length of the Vatican state border is three kilometers. You can easily walk around it completely in an hour, although you are unlikely to get any interesting impressions from such a hike, because the Vatican is surrounded by ordinary city houses of modern buildings. You can enter Piazza San Pietro freely - it is closed only during important government events.

The best way to reach the square is via Via della Conciliazione (Reconciliation Street). Along the way, you will get an unforgettable impression of the grandiose facade of the cathedral, which appears before your eyes and, as you approach it, gradually goes down. This visual effect occurs because main facade The cathedral protrudes far ahead of the rest of the building.

Egyptian obelisk

In the very center of Piazza San Pietro stands an Egyptian obelisk topped with a bronze ball. This 35-meter colossus, made of pink granite, was brought to Rome by Emperor Caligula. The obelisk was installed on the square under Pope Sixtus V. It was moved under the leadership of the architect Domenico Fontana in 1586. There is a legend that the ashes of Caesar himself are kept in the ball crowning the upper part of the obelisk.

Bernini's Colonnade surrounds the square with two giant semicircles. The architectural ensemble of the square, formed by 284 Doric columns and the facade of the cathedral, resembles the outline of a key that opens the gates of heaven. There are two points marked on the square - two small circles of white marble. These points mark the centers of the circles formed by the colonnades. If you stand on one of these marble circles, all four rows of columns will merge into one. In this case, the observer will only see the first row of columns located at a considerable distance from each other.

Fountains on the square

It is impossible to see the entire interior of the cathedral in one visit - the internal space of the temple is blocked off with barriers; usually only the side naves and the rear area are left for tourists. At the far end of the main nave is the pulpit of St. Petra, created by Bernini, and to the right of it is a monument to Clement XIII, made by Antonio Canova. You will be lucky if you manage to get close to these cathedral attractions.

Above the tomb of St. Peter there is a Papal altar with a 30-meter canopy by Bernini surrounded by 95 lamps. These unquenchable lamps illuminate the descent to the tomb of the apostle. Ordinary tourists are not allowed to go down to the sacred tomb.

You can take photographs of the decoration of the cathedral. To navigate inside the huge temple, take a good guidebook from detailed description its altars, chapels and tombs.

Vatican grottoes

Tourists climb to the dome of the basilica from the street, following the sign. There is always a queue for this climb. For 8 € you can walk up the high stairs, and for 10 € you can take a special elevator to the middle of the road. This is the tallest dome in the world - its height is 136.5 meters. First stop at steep route- balustrade inside the cathedral. It is located above the gold inscription that runs along the circumference of the inside of the dome.

Tourists move along the mosaic wall. A fine-mesh mesh separates those walking from the deep fifty-meter abyss, through which the pulpit and the floor mosaic of the main nave are visible. Only from such a great height can one truly appreciate the beauty of the mosaic composition. Michelangelo's oval dome is located very close to those walking. From here you can see the details of its painting.

The second stop on the way is the roof of the cathedral. There are huge statues along the outer edge - you can get close to them. Here, right on the roof, there is another post office and a coffee shop.

The third and very last stop on the way is the top of the dome. Along a narrow staircase laid between the outer and inner shells of the spherical structure, the most persistent travelers go to observation deck near the later window. The most impressive panorama of Rome opens up to the eye from this observation deck.

Vatican Museums

Lateran Palace

The ceremony begins at half past ten in the morning. Already from 9 o'clock, pilgrims gather behind the colonnade: nuns, organized groups various parishes, associations and religious schools, ordinary tourists. The crowd is excited in anticipation of the Pope, and the guards have great difficulty restraining it.

A papal audience is an unforgettable event even for people who do not profess the Catholic religion. Tickets for this event are issued by the Prefecture of the Pontifical House.

When visiting the Vatican, remember that it is not valid on its territory. single ticket Roma Pass. There is no passport control at the Vatican-Italy border.

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Among the tiny states on the world map, the Vatican is of constant interest. Everyone knows that The residence of the Pope is located here.

But most people find it difficult to give the correct answer to questions about the state structure, history, flag and coat of arms of the Vatican. You have the opportunity to learn a lot interesting information about the smallest state in the world.

General information

The Vatican City State is located inside the city of Rome on the low Vatican Hill. For many, the Vatican and Italy are identical concepts. In fact, the Vatican sovereign state with the capital of the same name.

Some numbers and facts:

The Holy See makes decisions and governs the state. It is with this collegial body that the missions of foreign diplomatic missions in the Vatican are accredited. Due to the limited size of the territory, all embassies and consulates are located in Rome.

During the years of independence, the Holy See has established diplomatic relations with 174 countries. Vatican – member of many international organizations . The Pope is often a mediator in resolving international conflicts and always advocates their peaceful resolution.

On the territory of this enclave state there are masterpieces of world architecture and numerous museums. In the Vatican you can see St. Peter's Basilica and the famous Sistine Chapel.

The Vatican flag, unlike most national flags other countries, has a square shape. The cloth consists of two stripes of the same size, white and yellow. In the central part of the white stripe there are two crossed keys under the symbol of power- papal tiara.

The Vatican acquired its flag during the ceremony of independence from Italy. This happened significant event June 7, 1929. Then Pope Pius XI was on the throne.

The Vatican coat of arms is full of symbolism. Gospel Motives reflected on the coat of arms in the form of keys, given by Jesus Christ to the Apostle Peter.

What does the Vatican coat of arms look like? The red shield depicts two crossed keys: silver and gold. The keys are tied with a blue or red cord. Above the keys is the papal tiara.

The Vatican exists through charitable contributions to the state treasury from Christians in various countries and income from the tourism business. Every year, the city-state is visited by millions of tourists and pilgrims who come to worship the Pope and listen to his Sunday sermon.

It is no less interesting to find out who built it, as well as how many people it could accommodate. Interesting facts about the Colosseum - the symbol of Italy.

How many people do you think live in dwarf San Marino and what is its capital? As well as other answers on the pages of our website.

Vatican on the world map

Thanks to the power of the Internet, you can see detailed map Vatican. Wonderful corners and architectural masterpieces in such a tiny area there is more than enough.

History of the state

During the Roman Empire, there were no settlements or cities on the territory of modern Vatican City. The Romans considered this place holy. During the reign of Emperor Claudius, circus games were held on Vatican Hill.

Since the spread of Christianity in Europe, at the site of the supposed burial of the Apostle Peter The majestic Basilica of Constantine was built. The year 326 marked the beginning of the history of the Vatican.

By the 8th century, numerous settlements were united into a papal state, which occupied a significant part of the territory of the Apennine Peninsula. But the Vatican was unable to preserve its own territories. In 1870, the Italian kingdom brought the Vatican under its rule.

The papal state gained independence after the Lutheran Accords, prisoners of Benito Mussolini in 1929. Since then, the boundaries and structure of the Vatican have not changed.

Geography and population

The Vatican is located 20 km from the shores of the Tyrrhenian Sea in the center of the Apennine Peninsula. Vatican Hill located in the northwestern part of Rome on the right bank of the Tiber River. The picturesque Vatican gardens are laid out on the gentle part of the hill.

On all sides the papal state borders only with Italy. Geographic coordinates: 42° north latitude and 12° east longitude.

Border of the dwarf state marked by a defensive wall. Entrance to the Vatican is through six gates.

St. Peter's Square formally belongs to the Vatican, but order is maintained by the Italian police. The borders of the Vatican are guarded by the Swiss Guard and the Gendarmerie, subordinate to the Pontiff.

As of 2014, the tiny state is home to 842 people. More than 70% of the population is clergy, about 13% are the National Guard. There are few lay people - their number does not even reach a hundred.

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The Vatican is located in the western part of Rome, the capital of the Italian Republic, on the right bank of the Tiber River, which cuts the city into two parts.

Borders and area of ​​the Vatican

On all sides, the Vatican borders only with Italy.

The Vatican State covers an area of ​​0.44 square kilometers.

Vatican Map

Time zone

Population

800 people

Language

The official languages ​​are Italian and Latin.

Religion

Catholicism.

Vatican City Climate

The climate on the territory of the Vatican is Mediterranean type. Average temperatures in winter range from 0 °C to +12 °C, in mid-summer from +20 °C to 28 °C. Winters are most often warm, frosts and snow are extremely rare.
The amount of precipitation is significant only in autumn, while in summer it falls very little.

Finance

The official currency is the Euro.

Medical care and insurance

The Vatican has paid and expensive healthcare. Having health insurance before your visit is encouraged, but not required.

Mains voltage

International dialing code

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The Vatican in Rome is a unique “state within a state”, the residence of the Pope and the center of everything Catholic world. In addition, it is also a real cultural treasury, full of architectural, sculptural and pictorial values, an amazing historical monument, and for Christians - the center of the most important Christian relics. And although all this is located on a piece of land with an area of ​​only 44 hectares, sometimes you need to visit Rome and the Vatican several times to see all the beauties of this tiny state.

What's the best way to plan a visit to the Vatican? Given the incredible wealth museum collections, huge size Peter's Basilica in the Vatican and the variety of attractions, it makes sense to plan a visit to the Vatican on your own. This will give you a wonderful opportunity to proceed from your own interests and capabilities. Standard excursions, as a rule, allow you to walk “over the top” and “run through” the most famous places in the Vatican. But only independent travel allows you to consider what is interesting to you, explore places at your rhythm and in accordance with your preferences. Let's figure out how to visit the Vatican on your own and get the most out of it.

How to choose a time to visit

Despite the modest size of the Vatican, huge queues of tourists and believers from all over the world flock to it every day. To save energy, have time to see more and avoid crowds, it is best to go to the Vatican in the morning, while you are full of energy and before it is filled with tourist groups. St. Peter's Cathedral is open from 7 am, the Vatican Museums - from 9.00.

According to the observations of many travelers, the days freest from crowds are Tuesday and Thursday. The busiest day is Wednesday, as the Pope speaks in St. Peter's Square on Wednesdays. On Sunday the Vatican is quite free, but only because all the museums are closed.

The time of year also affects the number of visitors to the Vatican. January and February are the most best months for those who appreciate art and want to enjoy it to the fullest, at a relatively relaxed pace and without ending up in the incredibly dense crowd that gathers in the Sistine Chapel.

On the last Sunday of the month, admission to the Vatican Museums is free. Many tourists are tempted by this, however, the incredible overload of the Vatican with the number of visitors these days can spoil the impression and bring nothing but fatigue.

It should also be remembered that in some cases the Vatican is completely closed to tourists - this is due to events and visits of high-ranking guests.

Opening hours of St. Peter's Basilica: from October 1 to March 31 – 7.00-18.30 (closed January 1 and 6); from April 1 to September 30 – 7.00-19.00.

Opening hours of the Vatican Museums: Monday to Saturday – 9.00-18.00 (entrance and ticket office until 16.00). From May 6 to July 29 and from September 2 to October 28, the museums are also open on Friday nights (19.00-23.00, entry until 21.30). Closed on Sundays, except the last Sunday of the month (from 9.00 to 12.30 admission is free!)

How to best plan a visit to the Vatican

Two places in the Vatican attract especially many tourists. And each of them is distinguished by its gigantic size and abundance of attractions. This St. Peter's Cathedral And . Each of these places has a separate entrance (to the Museums - paid, to the Cathedral - free). When planning your visit, keep in mind that exploring the museum's collections alone can take a whole day! And this despite the fact that only a small part of the treasury of world art is on display for tourists in museums - some rooms are closed to the public. As, incidentally, the part of the Vatican where the Pope and the administrative bodies of the Catholic Church live and conduct their business is also closed.

Is it worth visiting both the cathedral and the Vatican Museums on the same day? It depends on your interests and physical capabilities. If you plan to carefully study the rich collection of Museums, we recommend planning a visit to them on a separate day. Even a simple walk through the vast Vatican Museum complex can be tiring, and if you linger in each of the halls to look at the exhibits, the visit will definitely be lengthy. Will you still have the strength to explore the cathedral after this? It's very individual. And St. Peter's Cathedral deserves a separate careful study.

You only have to pay for admission to the Vatican Museums. There is no charge to visit St. Peter's Basilica, and it is accessible to visitors throughout the day (except when the entire Vatican is completely closed). Thus, you can save energy by dividing your visit to the Vatican into two parts, one of which will be entirely devoted to exploring the museum complex, and the second to visiting St. Peter’s Basilica and the adjacent square.

If you have little time in Rome, and you want to do as much as possible in short term, then you can easily visit both the Vatican Museums and St. Peter's Basilica in one go. But in this case, determine in advance what exactly you want to see in the Museums so that you can immediately rush to the halls that interest you. Otherwise, you risk staying there for a long time.

If the standard program is not enough for you, and time allows, you can also order an additional excursion to Vatican Gardens (Giardini Vaticani) – « green heart» tiny state. Beautiful sculptures, historical fountains, rare plants, magnificent landscape design make this park area, which occupies more than 20 hectares, a pleasant island of nature and art. Visiting the Vatican Gardens is only possible with an organized tour, which must be booked in advance.

One of the most difficult to reach, but interesting places Vatican - ancient necropolis, located under St. Peter's Basilica, under the Vatican Grottoes, at the floor level of the oldest basilica, built in the 4th century. Ancient frescoes from the early Christian period have been preserved in the necropolis. And the main shrine and value of these “Vatican dungeons” is tomb of St. Apostle Peter. It was above it that the basilica was once built, it is the resting place of the apostle that is the spiritual center of the Vatican, it is above this tomb that the main altar of the cathedral is installed. Access to St. Peter's Tomb and the ancient Roman necropolis requires special advance reservations.

How to get to the Vatican on your own

As an enclave state, the Vatican is located on the territory of Rome, the Italian capital. And despite the formal status of a city-state, the border between Italy and the Vatican is very arbitrary and is crossed freely.

It is convenient to get to the Vatican by metro. If you plan to start your visit to the Vatican from St. Peter's Basilica, the nearest station is Ottaviano – San Pietro. From the metro exit to the Vatican is a 7-10 minute walk. If you are visiting the Vatican Museums first, then go to the metro station Cipro. From here you will quickly reach the entrance to the museum complex. To avoid getting lost, use the offline map in our.

Tickets to the Vatican

For entry to St. Peter's Cathedral There is no charge, nor is there a fee to visit the magnificent square in front of it. But to climb the dome of the cathedral you need to purchase a ticket (if it includes an elevator ride, it costs a little more than usual).

Visit Vatican Museums paid. You can pay only the entrance and explore the museum treasures on your own, or you can book a tour or take a museum audio guide (in the Vatican Museums it is issued with special equipment, which is handed over upon exit). The official audio guide in the Vatican Museums is available in Russian.

ADVICE. The official audio guide will “guide” you through all the halls, telling you in detail about the exhibits, but this can also lead to the fact that by the end of the route you will be completely exhausted. But the famous Sistine Chapel is located right at the end of the route! Therefore, consider the size of the museum, your interests and time frame. Perhaps it makes sense to skip certain rooms so as not to miss the main thing. After all, if you linger in each of the halls, even a day may not be enough to explore the museum!

As a rule, there is a long queue before entering the Vatican Museums. Depending on the season, day of the week and time of day, it can be simply long or incredibly long. Wasting valuable time in Rome waiting in line is simply a crime. And it’s very easy to avoid long waits - book tickets to the Vatican Museums online. The entrance to the museum is divided into two streams - a huge queue stands at the museum ticket office and consists of tourists who do not have tickets. And for those who have a printout of an online reservation, there is a special queue, which is never large (and sometimes there is none at all) and moves very quickly. If you speak English, the most economical and convenient option is to book tickets on the official Vatican website.

The Vatican on your own: what to consider when visiting

When visiting St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican, you should remember that this is a temple that is a shrine for millions of people. Therefore, here, as in other basilicas, it operates dress code– knees and shoulders must be covered. You shouldn't go to the Vatican Museums in shorts and miniskirts either.

It is important to choose a light and comfortable one shoes, because you will spend the whole day on your feet. And if you decide to climb the dome, you will also have to climb along spiral staircase.

The Vatican takes issues seriously security. You should not take large bags, backpacks, cane umbrellas or long tripods with you to the Vatican Museums - all this will have to be left in the storage room. It is better to go to the Vatican lightly - this will not only simplify the verification procedure, but will save energy, which will require a lot.

Bring a bottle with you water. You will probably spend a lot of time in the Vatican, and you will need it. Especially in the vast area of ​​St. Peter's Basilica, where there are no shops. There is a cafe in the Vatican Museums, but take into account the incredible flow of people - it is rare to find a free place there.

The Vatican accepts payment Euro. Moreover, those coins minted by the Vatican (each Eurozone country produces coins with its own symbols on one side) are themselves souvenirs and are valued by collectors.

In the Vatican cards don't workRoma Pass.

Vatican Museums: what to look for

Numerous exhibits in the halls Vatican Museums cover a huge historical period. Antiquity, Renaissance, Baroque and even modern religious art presented here in all its fullness and splendor. Collections of outstanding works of art have been collected over the centuries. Even if you choose the best time to visit the Vatican and prepare well, it is likely that you will not have time to fully explore all 54 rooms open to the general public.

The halls in the Vatican Museums are arranged in such a way that visitors go sequentially all the way through numerous collections of the most valuable works of art to one of the most coveted places - the Sistine Chapel. You won’t be able to get into the most famous chapel in the world right away - before it mandatory you need to go through many other museum halls.

So, what should you pay attention to? special attention? Everyone has their own tastes and interests, we will highlight only the most famous and popular halls.

Pinacoteca Vaticana

The Vatican Pinacoteca is definitely worth paying special attention to. The Pinakothek was founded in the second half of the 18th century. Amazing paintings on religious themes are collected here. This is mainly work Italian masters: Giotto, Beato Angelico, Melozzo da Forli, Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Caravaggio, Guido Reni, Titian. Among the pearls of the Pinakothek collection are the Stefaneschi triptych by Giotto; "Madonna and Child and Saints" and "Resurrection" by Perugino; “Madonna di Foligno”, “Transfiguration”, “Coronation of Mary” by Raphael; "Saint Jerome" by Leonardo da Vinci; "Entombment" by Caravaggio; “The Wedding of Our Lady” by Lippi and other masterpieces.

Ancient art (ancient, Egyptian, Etruscan)

Among the halls dedicated to ancient art, it is worth highlighting Pius-Clementino Museum, which houses the famous sculptural group “Laocoon and Sons” and a huge number of other works of Greek and Roman classical art. Antique works of art can also be seen in Gallery of candelabri (Galleria delle Candelabri), Chiaramonti Museum.

If you are interested in history and culture ancient egypt, large collection Egyptian antiquities, including mummies, you will find in Gregorian Egyptian Museum(Museo Gregoriano Egizio). A Gregorian Etruscan Museum (Museo Gregoriano Etrusco) will introduce you to ancient culture Etruscans, which had a huge influence on the culture of Ancient Rome.

Early Christian art is represented in Museum Pio-Cristiano– here you will see works of art from the Roman catacombs, sarcophagi, reliefs, tombstones.

Tapestries and antique maps

In the luxurious upper galleries you can see many rare works of art. For example, in Galleria degli Arazzi there are magnificent ancient tapestries made according to sketches by Raphael Santi by his students. A Gallery of geographical maps (Galleria delle Carte Geografiche) stores almost fifty vintage maps various areas.

Paintings by Pinturichio in the Borgia apartments

Apartment Borgia (Appartamento Borgia), formerly the personal residence of Pope Alexander VI Borgia at the end of the 15th century, they are distinguished by their lavish interior. Worked on it including famous painter Bernardino Pinturicchio.

Raphael's Stanze di Raffaello

Among the most “tasty” things that the Vatican Museums can show, it is also worth noting the famous “Raphael’s dances”. Stanzas are the living rooms of Pope Julius II, the painting of which was once entrusted to the young Raphael. It's hard to believe that once upon a time a great genius was essentially involved in residential interior design. Raphael himself painted 3 stanzas, and the fourth was designed by his students based on his sketches after the artist’s death.

Sistine Chapel (Capella Sistina)

The Sistine Chapel is perhaps the most famous landmark of the Vatican, rivaled only by St. Peter's Cathedral. The name of the chapel is associated with the name of Pope Sixtus V, who ordered the construction of the chapel, which served as a house church. The chapel is famous, first of all, for its paintings, in which the genius of Michelangelo was so clearly demonstrated. A special impression on visitors is made by the ceiling painting, which represents a whole cycle of frescoes on biblical stories, as well as a painting on the altar wall illustrating “ Last Judgment" In addition, such Renaissance masters as Botticelli, Ghirlandaio and Perugino worked on the design of the chapel.

The Sistine Chapel is not only a Renaissance monument, but also a religious building. It is here that conclaves are held - meetings of cardinals to elect the Pope.

ADVICE. The Sistine Chapel is located almost at the very end of the path through the numerous halls of the museum complex. For this reason, many visitors enter the chapel already very tired. Let's add to this the incredible density of the crowd in the chapel (especially in summer season) and we get what many tourists call disappointment. After all, being exhausted, it is very difficult to appreciate the brilliant paintings. Therefore, we recommend setting priorities and calculating your strength in order to perceive art, and not think about tired legs.

Please note that taking photographs in the Sistine Chapel is strictly prohibited, as is talking loudly.

Exit from the museum complex

There are two ways to leave the Sistine Chapel - through the general exit, which leads to Michelangelo's famous spiral staircase, and through the side door, which is intended for the exit of tour groups and guides. Using the general exit, you will find yourself in several more museum halls, and after that a dressing room and the official exit from the museum will await you.

If you realize that you have absolutely no strength left, or you want to quickly and without waiting in line to get into St. Peter’s Cathedral, then you can use a trick and try to use a small “cheat” by leaving the chapel through the side door on the right, which is almost always open. This is not entirely according to the rules, but usually no one prevents this - participants in group excursions come through the door, and you may well pass for one of them. Once out the door, you can quickly and without queues enter St. Peter's Basilica.

ATTENTION. You should use the “service” door only if you did not leave things in the cloakroom and did not pick up an audio guide at the entrance to the museum. Keep in mind that if you cross the passage to St. Peter's Cathedral, then you will no longer have a way back to the museum complex.

Here is a map of the Vatican with streets → a state on the territory of Italy. We study a detailed map of Vatican City with houses and streets. Search in real time, weather today, coordinates

More details about the streets of the Vatican on the map

A detailed map of the Vatican City State with street names will be able to show all the routes and roads of the region where the street is located. Via della Conciliazione. Located inside Italy and bordering on. Residence of the Pope and capital of the Roman Catholic Church.

To view the territory of the entire region in detail, it is enough to change the scale of the online diagram +/-. On the page there is an interactive map of the Vatican with addresses and routes of the area. Move its center to find Via Paolo now.

The ability to plot a route on a map of the country and calculate the distance using the “Ruler” tool, find out the length of roads and the path to St. Peter’s Square, addresses of attractions, transport stops (type of map “Hybrid”), look at train stations and borders with Italy.

You will find everything you need detailed information o location of infrastructure - shops and squares, alleys and roads.

Accurate satellite map The Vatican (Vatican) in Russian with Google search is in its own section, panoramas as well. Use Yandex search to show the desired house on the map of the state in the world, in real time. Nearby