A. Platonov's story “In a beautiful and furious world”

I'M GOING TO CLASS

Olga KHARITONOVA,
Humanitarian Gymnasium No. 3,
Voronezh

Story by A. Platonov
"In beauty and furious world»

In my teaching practice, I have been turning to the story “In a Beautiful and Furious World” since about the end of the 80s; As experience shows, this work is quite understandable for sixth graders.

In my opinion, you should spend at least two hours studying it.

During the first lesson, the children get acquainted with an article about Platonov included in the textbook. To expand the range of ideas about the artist, I attract additional materials from the following sources: Vasiliev V.V. Andrey Platonov. Essay on life and creativity (Book “For Lovers of Russian Literature”). M.: Sovremennik, 1990; Lasunsky O.G. Hometown resident. Voronezh years of Andrei Platonov. Voronezh: Voronezh State Publishing House. Univ., 1999; Andrey Platonov: Memoirs of contemporaries. Materials for the biography. M., 1994; Zadonsky N. Interesting contemporaries. Curious old man. Voronezh, 1975.

I give it to my students in advance. individual assignments: prepare short reports about the writer’s childhood and years of study, about the first steps in the literary field, about participation in the civil and Great Patriotic Wars. There is, of course, no need for unnecessary biographical details, but information about how Platonov’s adult, working life began (and this, by his own admission, happened when he was only twelve years old), about how he worked in the railway workshops and on a locomotive as an assistant driver are important in the context of this lesson.

I devote the entire second lesson to the analysis of a literary text.

The story “In a Beautiful and Furious World” has the subtitle “Machinist Maltsev,” indicating that the author’s focus is on the image of the human personality.

Let's go back to the very beginning of the story. “In the Tolubeevsky depot,” the narrator reports, “Alexander Vasilyevich Maltsev was considered the best locomotive driver. He was about thirty years old, but he already had the qualifications of a first-class driver and had been driving fast trains for a long time.”

– What makes Maltsev the best driver? – I address the first question to the class. – What arguments does the narrator give to prove the thesis put forward?

The narrator (and the story in the work is told on behalf of the boy Kostya, appointed as an assistant driver in Maltsev’s brigade) speaks of his immediate superior as an extraordinary person. He sees in Maltsev a talented person, a gifted person with a creative approach to work. Indeed, Maltsev is a virtuoso master, an “inspired artist,” wholly and completely absorbed in his favorite work, in which his whole life lies. He knows technology very well, feels the machine with his whole being, as if it were a living organism. At the same time, when he drives a locomotive, not a single detail of the outside world escapes him (after all, sometimes on the way even the smallest thing can be extremely significant). “Alexander Vasilyevich’s eyes looked abstracted, as if empty, but I knew,” the narrator notes, “that he saw with them the whole road ahead and all of nature rushing towards him - even a sparrow attracted Maltsev’s gaze, and he turned his head for a moment after the sparrow. ..” In other words, the driver’s professional vision is comprehensive: it is directed both inside the locomotive mechanism, and at the same time absorbs the surrounding space, as if trying to extend its influence as a master-master to it as well. “He led the cast with the confidence of a great master, with the concentration of an inspired artist who has absorbed the entire external world into his inner experience and therefore dominates it.” Undoubtedly, it is precisely this firm, confident gait of a professional that largely ensures the high mark of quality that marks Maltsev’s work. On the other hand, such a path - the path of an arrogant loner - is fraught with danger. And we will talk about this later.

– These are the professional qualities of a hero. What can you say about his relationships with his workmates? Would you like to work next to a person like Maltsev?

Maltsev's attitude towards the members of the brigade is clearly noticeable. So, despite the fact that both assistant Kostya and the lubricant-stoker worked “with full diligence,” Maltsev “constantly checked the grease nipples in the parking lots, the tightening of the bolts in the drawbar units, tested the axle boxes on the drive axles, etc.” “If I,” the narrator admits, “have just inspected and lubricated any working rubbing part, then Maltsev, after me, inspected and lubricated it again, as if not considering my work valid.” One day, the offended boy could not stand it and directly expressed his bewilderment about this to the foreman. “I want it myself,” was the answer. It is not difficult to understand the reason for Maltsev’s “duplicate” actions: as a foreman, he bears the main responsibility for possible breakdowns along the way. In addition, he loves, really loves the car and therefore wants to touch every screw with his own hands to make sure that the mechanism is in good working order. But this behavior of the driver also has a downside: there is a certain professional egoism, arrogance towards others. A little later, the narrator will make rather unpleasant conclusions about his leader: “Later I understood the meaning of his sadness and the reason for his constant indifference to us. He felt superior to us because he understood the car more precisely than we did, and he did not believe that I or anyone else could learn the secret of his talent, the secret of seeing both a passing sparrow and a signal ahead, at the same moment sensing the path, the weight of the train and the force of the machine.” Maltsev does not seek to pass on his skill to any of his assistants, being convinced in advance that “in diligence, in diligence, we can even overcome him, but he could not imagine that we loved the locomotive more than him and drove trains better than him - it was impossible to do better, he thought.” ...” “He missed his talent as much as he missed loneliness...” the narrator summarizes. Before us is a “closed” personality, a kind of “man in a case,” and the “case” in this case was the idea of ​​fanatical devotion to one’s work; service to the cause overshadowed real, living people - and the joy of the worldview disappeared, replaced by indifference and boredom.

As for the answers to the question: “Would you like to work next to a person like Maltsev?” – they are quite ambiguous among sixth-graders. As a highly qualified specialist, it would be good to adopt Maltsev’s technical literacy, work enthusiasm, and responsible attitude towards his duties. On the other hand, students say, it’s not very pleasant if you are constantly distrusted and considered a “second-class” employee. The assistants of such a driver are practically deprived of the opportunity for professional growth.

– The basis of the plot of the story is tragic story: the best driver of the depot was put on trial and ended up in prison. What incident led to this outcome?

When the text is retold, I pose a problematic question to the sixth graders:

– Think about it, is it by chance that of the three heroes of the story who survived the terrible thunderstorm, it was Maltsev who went blind?

Of course, the fact that the protagonist is blinded within the framework of the general moral and philosophical concept of the work is far from accidental. Even Maltsev’s assistant, who, as it seems at first, is not inclined to deep thoughts about the mysteries of earthly existence, perceives a certain pattern in what happened to Maltsev: “... I was fierce against the fatal forces that accidentally and indifferently destroy a person: I felt a secret , the elusive calculation of these forces is that they destroyed Maltsev, and, say, not me<...>I saw that facts were happening that proved the existence of hostile human life disastrous circumstances, and these disastrous forces crush the chosen, exalted people.” A discussion of this statement by the narrator allows students to pose a serious philosophical problem: man is in confrontation with the elemental, unknown forces of nature. The narrator cannot give an explanation why “these disastrous forces crush the chosen, exalted people.”

“What do you think,” I ask the guys, “why do they strike the best representatives of the human race?”

Yes, because an extraordinary person, confident in himself, will not be afraid, will not retreat in the face of an approaching hostile element and would rather prefer to die in a great collision with it than, having betrayed his principles, turn away from his chosen path. Let us remember how the story depicts the “fatal” meeting of the protagonist with an approaching atmospheric front: “Maltsev drove the car forward... We were now walking towards a powerful cloud that appeared over the horizon. From our side, the cloud was illuminated by the sun, and from inside it was torn by fierce, irritated lightning, and we saw how swords of lightning vertically pierced the silent distant land, and we rushed madly towards that distant land... Alexander Vasilyevich, apparently, was captivated by this spectacle: He leaned far out the window, looking ahead, and his eyes, accustomed to smoke, fire and space, now sparkled with inspiration. He understood that the work and power of our machine could be compared with the work of a thunderstorm, and perhaps he was proud of this thought.” As we see, the hero bravely rushed forward, being completely captured by the excitement of the competitive struggle with the elements. In his pride, the “little” earthly man has risen to the point that he considers himself to have the right, if not to command nature, then at least to “play on an equal footing” with it. Was it not for this exorbitant pride that Maltsev was struck by the deep forces of nature and punished by divine providence? Also indicative in this regard is the episode when Maltsev, already blind, but still considering himself sighted (since he continued to see the world in his imagination), “drove a courier train at great speed into the tail of a freight train.” Accustomed to categorically trust himself, his own experience, convinced of the inviolability of his physical and professional vision, the driver almost became the culprit of a major railway accident. This episode is deeply symbolic. Maltsev lost his sight, judging from a medical point of view, under the influence of an electromagnetic wave, but he has long been morally blind, as a person can be blind, isolated from other people, closed in his egoistic worldview, in proud arrogance planning to stand “above” his mother herself - nature. The author emphasizes the dead end and disastrous nature of this path. The blind man believes that he is approaching the desired goal - a given destination, but in reality he is inevitably moving towards disaster. It is characteristic that Maltsev stubbornly continues to “listen” only to himself, even when the assistant shouts to him, pointing out warning signals, and the train crushes firecrackers. This episode is described by Platonov as the apogee of the hero’s self-delusion: “I was used to seeing the light, and I thought that I saw it, but I saw it then only in my mind, in my imagination. In fact, I was blind, but I didn’t know it... I didn’t even believe in firecrackers, although I heard them: I thought I had misheard. And when you blew the horn and shouted to me, I saw a green signal ahead, I didn’t guess right away.” A terrible catastrophe was averted only due to the fact that at a critical moment Maltsev “receded”, giving the control panel to an assistant.

An investigation has begun. An avalanche of hostile circumstances of a different nature - social - fell upon the hero.

– How does Maltsev behave during the investigation?

Maltsev was accused of almost sabotage: “An adult, conscious person controls the locomotive of a courier train, carrying hundreds of people to certain death... What is this?

- But he himself would have died! - I say.

Likely<...>Maybe he had his own reasons for dying.”

Such a terrible accusation has so discouraged the hero that he almost does not defend himself. He greets the verdict humbly, although in a confidential conversation with an assistant he claims that he is “right, not guilty.” Internally confident in his own innocence, he does not try to resist the pressure of the social mechanism. The passive position deliberately chosen by Maltsev is the result of the spiritual brokenness of the hero, who does not believe in human empathy and does not expect support from his neighbor.

Now students can answer the question:

– Why does Platonov call the world in which man lives “furious”?

The world around us is called “furious,” because it is dominated by forces that are hostile to man, independent of his will and consciousness, and sometimes beyond comprehension. Dangers, all kinds of “unkind” accidents await a person at every step: both in the world of “wild” nature and in civilized society.

– What should be the position? Homo sapiens in this “furious” world? Should one “struggle, seek... and not give up”, despite adversity, or is it better to give in to circumstances?

I give the children the opportunity to freely express their opinions on this issue.

The next stage of the lesson is working with statements written on the board: “Life is a struggle, in the struggle there is happiness” (I.A. Goncharov); “To be a man means to be a fighter” (J.-W. Goethe); “Only he is worthy of happiness and freedom who goes to battle for them every day” (J.-W. Goethe); “A man must fight for his life and defend it as long as he has enough strength” (C. Dickens); “...I love active people who want to resist the evil of life by all means” (M. Gorky).

– Read the statements of great writers and thinkers of the past. What do they think a person's position in life should be?

The conclusion suggests itself: most thinkers of the past glorified the creative activity of man, admired fighters who did not bow their heads to life’s circumstances. Opportunists and cowards who gave in to danger always aroused contempt.

– What is Platonov’s position? Let's return to the text of the story "In a Beautiful and Furious World." The answer to this question is the image of the narrator in the work. Prove it.

Konstantin, on whose behalf the story is told, in his own words, “was not a friend of Maltsev,” and the latter treated the boy “without attention or care.” Nevertheless, Kostya did not leave his comrade in trouble, but boldly rushed into battle with the “fatal” forces that destroyed Maltsev’s health and tore him from labor collective. “But I wanted to protect him from the grief of fate, I was fierce against the fatal forces that accidentally and indifferently destroy a person... I decided not to give up, because I felt something in myself that could not be in the external forces of nature and in our destiny , – I felt my peculiarity as a person. And I became embittered and decided to resist, not yet knowing how to do it.”

“I felt my peculiarity as a person” - behind this phrase of an ordinary working boy there is the highest wisdom of comprehending the generic essence of Man, the greatness and significance of his mission in the Universe. It also reflects the hero’s idea of ​​the individual’s life position - and it (the position) should, of course, be active, according to Platonov.

So, the narrator decided to “resist” all the elements of the “furious” world. Achieving judicial justice turned out to be not so difficult. Maltsev was released and acquitted. But now, as a result of an investigative experiment, he is crippled, deprived of the joy of doing his favorite job. Will it be possible to defeat the blind, unknown forces that doomed man to a “lifeless fate”?

I suggest reading expressively by role final scene story from the words: “Summer was coming; I worked on a steam locomotive...” - and until the end of the work. Immediately before reading, I formulate questions for the subsequent conversation:

– Why did the narrator take Maltsev with him on the locomotive?
– What helped the blind hero to see?

The first thing the sixth-graders say is that the narrator feels unbearably sorry for the disabled man who comes to the platform every day to greedily inhale the smell of “burning and lubricating oil.” “...I left, but he stayed” - in these words of the narrator one can clearly feel pity, pain, a certain feeling of guilt, and reproach addressed to oneself, due to the inability to console a comrade who has lost his ability to work. As if the narrator were turning to a former foreman to a sick child, promising to let him hold his favorite toy: “Tomorrow at ten thirty I will lead the train. If you sit quietly, I’ll take you into the car.” And Maltsev, who had recently rejected any attempts at “consolation” (“Get away!” he said after listening to my friendly words), is forced to temper his pride: “Okay. I will be peaceful. Give me something in my hands - let me hold the reverse: I won’t turn it.” However, as the trip continued, the narrator “allowed” his charge much more than he could have expected: “... I put Alexander Vasilyevich in my driver’s seat, I put one of his hands on the reverse and the other on the brake machine, and put my hands on top of his hands " “In quiet areas, I completely moved away from Maltsev and looked forward from the assistant’s side.” The narrator entrusted the blind driver with control of the locomotive, because he understood: for Maltsev, “the feeling of the machine was bliss,” which, at least for a moment, helped him “forget his grief as a blind man.” But was it only pity that prompted the narrator to take such a risky step? He let it slip a little later that he had a secret “intent”:

“I looked at my teacher with secret expectation...

- Shut down the steam! - Maltsev told me.

I remained silent, worried with all my heart.”

Why was Konstantin upset? What kind of “secret waiting” are we talking about? Well, of course, from the very beginning, going on the flight and taking Maltsev with him, the narrator hoped for the impossible, for... a miracle. And the miracle could not fail to happen. The heroes managed to defeat the unknown “furious” element that had once deprived Maltsev of his sight.

It is interesting and significant that at the end of the work the narrator calls Maltsev his teacher, although not so long ago he emphasized: “I was not Maltsev’s friend, and he always treated me without attention and care.” Obviously, during the time during which it was necessary to “fight” for Maltsev, the latter became spiritually close to the narrator. Without a doubt, only the example of the former foreman forced the boy to “pass the exam for the title of driver” and take up driving passenger trains new series. Ultimately, he managed to pass a much more important exam - the exam for the title of Man. The story that happened to Maltsev taught him the main life lesson, the essence of which is that it is unacceptable to be indifferent to the fate of your neighbor, that you need to trust people. Compassion, the ability to lend a helping hand in time - we often lose sight of these simple things. But they are truly capable of working miracles. It was precisely this “ordinary miracle” that helped Maltsev see the light again and gain a new, moral vision. Now the narrator feels big and strong next to Maltsev. Discipleship organically turned into teaching, spiritual fatherhood: “...we sat with him all evening and all night. I was afraid to leave him alone, like own son, without protection against the action of sudden and hostile forces...” The miracle of the spiritual unity of people is what makes the “furious” world around us truly beautiful.

At the end of the lesson, students receive homework- write a miniature essay on one of the topics: “How do you understand the meaning of the title of the story “In a Beautiful and Furious World”?”; “To be human is to be a fighter” (J.-W. Goethe) (based on literary material and life impressions); "The theme of moral blindness and spiritual insight in the story."

Platonov - Soviet writer. His stories are interesting, they are captivating because they very often describe events from life. They are autobiographical, telling us about the fate of the writer himself. In his works, the author tries to understand man, to find his place in this simultaneously beautiful and furious world. Such a story by Platonov is story of the same name In a beautiful and furious world. By this work that's what we have to do.

Platonov wrote his story in 1937, in it he used a lot of information taken from life, because in the story the author describes the events that happened on the railway with a train driver. The writer knew this profession well, since he himself was on a steam locomotive and worked as an assistant.

So, Platonov in the story In a Beautiful and Furious World tells about Maltsev, a driver from God, since he did not just drive the train, he felt it and was the best. Maltsev was completely dedicated to his work, always drove the car confidently and aroused admiration for this. He studied all the railway tracks so well that even during the emergency he did not stop. This happened during a rainstorm with a thunderstorm. Lightning blinded Maltsev, and he continued to drive the car, not understanding that he could not see, because all the pictures of the world around him appeared in his head. But they were only in his head, so he did not see the warning lights. This almost led to an accident, but the assistant was able to react in time, saving hundreds of people.

Alexander Maltsev was tried and arrested, but Kostya managed to achieve an experiment that proved Alexander’s innocence. Only during the experiment the hero of the work becomes completely blind. This became a tragedy for him, because for him work was the meaning of life. And only a year later, when the assistant passed the exams and began driving the train himself, he managed to bring Maltsev back to life. Kostya invites Maltsev to go together and even promises to give up the driver’s seat to blind Alexander. And at that very moment when Maltsev found himself on same place, his vision returned again.

After the flight, Kostya volunteered to take the former driver home, wanting to protect the hero of the story from the hostile forces of such an unpredictable, violent and such a beautiful world.

The main characters of the work

Getting acquainted with Platonov's work In a Beautiful and Furious World, one can highlight such heroes as Alexander Maltsev and his assistant Kostya.

Alexander Maltsev is a master of his craft, a talented train driver who knew these machines better than anyone. This is a person who was not afraid to trust various trains, including a new locomotive, because Maltsev, like no one else, could cope with everything, even with such a powerful new type of machine. Alexander not only drives the car, he feels its heartbeat. Maltsev is devoted to his work, sees his meaning in it and is so immersed in it that he does not see the surrounding reality. In my opinion, this should not be the case. Although a person must love work, work fully and be responsible at work, he must also be able to see other angles. In addition to work, we must see the beauty of the world, be able to take the best from fate and get carried away by something else, so that in case of unforeseen circumstances we can switch to something else, because life goes on. Maltsev was unable to make the switch; with the loss of his job, he grew old, and life became unpleasant.

Another hero is Kostya, who was first an assistant and then became a driver. He also loved work, tried to fulfill all the functions assigned to him, but at the same time he was sympathetic, kind and noticed other people. Moreover, he also comes to their aid, as in the case of Maltsev. It was Kostya who achieved a review of the case, after which Alexander was rehabilitated. Later, he will bring back to life a person for whom work has become the meaning of life. He will take Maltsev on a flight, during which his sight will return. And even after this, Kostya does not leave his friend and walks him to the door of the house.

Analysis of the work

The title of the story - “In this beautiful and furious world” - is essential for understanding its problems. Why is Platonov’s world “beautiful” and “furious”? The word “beautiful” is associated with such concepts as joy, harmony, miracle, beauty, splendor. The word “furious” in our minds is related to such words as anger, strength, element, impulse, hatred, and so on. In Platonov, these concepts merge into a single stream, whose name is life. Isn't reality itself so contradictory? Isn't man himself so contradictory? The writer quite clearly points out in the story the existence of two elements - natural and human. You can see both the harmony of these elements and their disunity and opposition. That is why Platonov’s heroes are most often seekers, trying to determine their place in the world.

Back in the 20-30s of the 20th century, many critics spoke about Platonov’s strange heroes, about the unpredictable endings of his stories, about the logic of the image that was understandable to him alone. But even his most malicious detractors could not help but recognize the power of his talent, freedom of language, and incredible density of storytelling. Very often the writer asked questions about man’s place in the world, about his loneliness among people. He paid close attention to the feeling of emptiness, orphanhood, and uselessness in the world that haunts a person. These feelings live in almost every hero of Platonov. So is the driver Maltsev.

Alexander Vasilyevich Maltsev had a remarkable talent - no one could feel the machines better than him, could not identify problems in the work at one glance, could not perceive the world so comprehensively, notice the smallest details. That is why his appointment to the newest and most powerful train in the depot, the IS, was quite expected. This car became his brainchild. During the trip, he seemed to merge with the locomotive, felt the beating of “its steam heart”, understood the slightest sound. Passionate about his work, he became like an inspired actor. But how often did the narrator, Maltsev’s assistant Kostya, notice an incomprehensible sadness in his gaze. And this was nothing more than a feeling of loneliness pouring out. Much later Kostya will understand this melancholy. The driver's talent doomed Maltsev to loneliness, raised him above everyone and forced him to look down on him. Maltsev practically did not pay attention to his new assistant, and even a year later he treated him the same way as he treated an oiler. He devoted himself entirely to work, dissolving in the car and in the surrounding nature. Little sparrow, caught in the air stream from the locomotive, did not go unnoticed. Maltsev turned his head slightly to trace his further fate. It seemed to him that only he was able to absorb so much, to know so much. The strength of his talent, sadly enough, alienated him from the rest of the world of people; among his own kind, he felt lonely. Loss and emptiness reigned in his soul. This feeling of so-called orphanhood is characteristic of almost all of Platonov’s characters. With the help of this characterization of the hero, the writer was able to draw broader conclusions. From the fate of one person he moved to the fate of millions. His idea of ​​the loss of man in the era of revolutions and political upheavals runs through all his works.

And really sad later life Maltsev, condemned by the people: he was excommunicated from the work to which he gave all of himself, to which his soul was drawn. Using the example of Maltsev, we see how the fate of a person deprived of spiritual fullness is built.

The image of Kostya’s assistant is also important in the story. This is a sensitive, observant person, no less attentive to detail than his teacher. He may have been less talented, but his diligence and diligence helped him greatly. Soon after Maltsev’s resignation, he himself successfully passed the machinist exams. Yes, indeed, Kostya is not so endowed with the gift of feeling the mechanism, but he is more attentive to the people around him. This can be considered his talent. He was able to discern, almost in passing, a secret sadness in the gaze of his teacher, but he did not stop there, he was looking for the “truth,” the answer to this melancholy. And he will find her, but only a little later. This is a person who is not deaf to the grief of others. It is he who brings back to life the lost Maltsev, blind and useless to anyone. Every time, getting ready to go, he saw his teacher on the bench, leaning on a cane. Maltsev responded to all words of consolation with the invariable “Get out!” Even in his grief, in his helplessness, he is afraid to let a living person, a feeling soul, approach him. He still doesn’t believe that there is anyone in the world who could understand him. And an inexpressible melancholy reigned in his soul. He tried to somehow cling to that frantic pace of life again, to return at least part of his past. He came aimlessly to the depot and greedily caught the sounds railway, he turned his head to where he heard the powerful movement of the locomotive.

Proud in his loneliness, he nevertheless obeys Kostya, who once offered to go with him. Instead of the usual “Get out!” he said, “Okay. I will be humble. Give me something in my hands, let me hold the reverse: I won’t turn it.

- You won’t twist it! - I confirmed. - If you twist it, I’ll give you a piece of coal in your hands and I won’t take it to the locomotive again.

The blind man remained silent; he wanted to be on the locomotive again so much that he humbled himself in front of me.”

And now Maltsev again feels the breath of the oncoming wind, feels the power of a mechanical giant at hand. What is he experiencing at this moment? Delight! Joy! Delight! This storm of feelings brings him back to life: he begins to see clearly. But Kostya doesn’t leave him here either. Having escorted him home, he cannot leave for a long time. Feeling an almost paternal affection for this man, he is afraid to leave him alone with the beautiful and furious world.

He feels his helplessness in front of the world, his naivety and simplicity behind the mask of arrogance. A brilliant machinist, Maltsev noticed the beauty of nature, enjoyed harmony, moving away from the human world. And the cruel world punished him for this.

Platonov masterfully creates a contrast between these two worlds. This is especially evident in the scenes of the locomotive struggling with the elements. “We were now walking towards a powerful cloud that appeared over the horizon. From our side, the cloud was illuminated by the sun, and from inside it was torn by fierce, irritated lightning, and we saw how swords of lightning pierced vertically into the silent distant land, and we rushed madly towards that distant land, as if rushing to its defense.” Maltsev and the machine are fighting the forces of nature. Platonov saturates the text with vivid metaphors and epithets. The locomotive itself becomes like a mythical deity. And what is the outcome of this struggle? Ultimately, nature comes back to harmony: “We smelled the damp earth, the fragrance of herbs and grains, saturated with rain and thunderstorms, and rushed forward, catching up with time.” But what happens to a person? Blinded by lightning, Maltsev loses his sight. Many researchers often talk about two lightning bolts. The first of them, so strong and grandiose, deprived a person of his sight, but not for long. But the second - artificial - deprives Maltsev of his ability to see for a long time.

Lesson objectives:

– disclosure of the moral position of A. Platonov based on the analysis of the story;

– affirmation of the need for high spiritual ideals, such as love for one’s neighbor,

mercy, sense of responsibility, sacrifice;

– developing skills in working with text, public speaking, the ability to formulate and defend one’s point of view.

Equipment:

– computer class (computers, if possible, according to the number of students for conducting an electronic test, Appendix No. 1).

Homework from last lesson: use the textbook to get acquainted with the biography of the writer, attentively read the story “In a Beautiful and Furious World”, individual tasks for students: prepare a detailed answer to one of the questions “What helped A. Maltsev restore his vision?”, “How do you understand A. Platonov’s expression: We need to treat people like a father?”

Working methods: creating a problem situation, analytical conversation, working with text.

Lesson progress

I. Org. moment. Checking students' readiness (textbooks, notebooks, diaries on the tables).

II. Subject message.

Today in class we move on to studying the next section: works of Russian writers of the 20th century. And Andrei Platonovich Platonov opens it. We continue to study his work.

III. Checking homework.

Let's see how attentive you were when reading the work, how well you know the content of the text. Time -10 min.( Appendix No. 1) (Speak out the test results)

IV. Statement of a problematic question.

A.P. Platonov is one of those writers about whom they say: “The writer of the future: not appreciated in his time, he comes to us, and we come to him.” ( Appendix No. 2. Presentation, slide number 1).

It is not easy to comprehend the works of this author, since his style is unusual and complex, and the problems of his work are philosophically and morally deep. Let's try to penetrate these depths. Today, based on an analysis of the story “In a Beautiful and Furious World, we will try to determine the moral “Formula of Life” by A. Platonov: what is the most necessary component of human life, human happiness according to Platonov. ( Appendix No. 2. Presentation, slide No. 2,3). Design of notebooks: recording the topic, designing the table.

V. The main part of the lesson. Analysis of the story.

In the autobiography of A.P. Platonov admitted: “In addition to the field, the village, my mother and the ringing of bells, I also loved steam locomotives, a car, a singing whistle and sweaty work. Even then, as a child, I realized that everything is done, and will not be born on its own.” ( Appendix No. 2. Presentation, slide number 4).

– Find lines in the story that echo these thoughts of the writer and read them.

– How do you understand the words: “...everything is done, and not just born”?

– One of the main characters in the story is A.V. Maltsev. What kind of worker was this?

– What was work for him? ( The meaning of life, happiness)

– Let’s make the first conclusion: one of the components of the “formula of life” according to Platonov is labor, work, favorite work that justifies life, mastery in the profession. Labor is the moral content of human life. Let's create a table. ( Appendix No. 2. Presentation, slide number 5).

– So, according to the plot of the story, Maltsev ends up in prison. For what?

- Case closed. But why does Kostya write to the investigator and ask to review the case?

– At the end of the fourth chapter, the narrator says: “But I wanted to protect him from the grief of fate. I decided not to give up because I felt something like that in myself, I felt that I was special as a person. And I became embittered and decided to resist, not yet knowing how to do it.” When and why did the hero come to this conclusion?

– The story has a dilemma: to be sighted, but in prison, or blind, but free. This is where the rage of the world manifests itself, as Platonov understands it.

– Why does the narrator feel guilty before Maltsev?

– How does his last act towards Maltsev characterize the narrator?( This is a person in whose soul there lives a sense of responsibility for those people who, by the will of fate, were nearby).

– Let’s draw a second conclusion: the next component of Platonov’s “formula of life” is a sense of responsibility for others, for everything in the world. Let's create a table. ( Appendix No. 2. Presentation, slide number 6).

– What do you think helped Maltsev restore his vision? (answers are individual homework of several students, as well as additions from classmates).

– Let’s add to our table: what else is the component of Platonov’s “formula of life” that we heard in the last answers of our classmates? (Love. Willingness to love, to give oneself to others. Mercy). ( Appendix No. 2. Presentation, slide number 7).

– Let’s pay attention to the epigraph to the work, let’s see how it is connected to the story. ( Appendix No. 2. Presentation, slide number 8). “You have to treat people like a father.” What does this expression mean? (answers are individual homework of several students, as well as additions from classmates).

Let's read the last paragraph of the story. How is the epigraph related to the story?

– What is the name of the story?

– Discuss the questions with your desk neighbor and formulate a single answer:

*In Platonov’s opinion, what is the “rage” of the world?

*Why is this world so beautiful then? ( Appendix No. 2. Presentation, slide number 9).

– Yes, a person must be ready to fight the cruel, “furious world” so that he becomes beautiful and kind.

VI. Lesson summary.

Let us conclude: what constitutes Platonov’s moral “formula of life” based on the story “In a Beautiful and Furious World?” According to the table. (Appendix No. 2. Presentation, slide number 10)

VII. Homework.

(Appendix No. 2. Presentation, slide number 11):

based on the story “Cow” by A. Platonov:

• draw an illustration for the work;
• cook condensed retelling works;
• write a detailed answer to the question: “Why is the story called “Cow”?
• write a review of the story (see page 21 of the textbook).

The time when the story “In a Beautiful and Furious World” (“Machinist Maltsev”) (1938) was written was turbulent: the country was living with a premonition of war. Literature had to answer the question of what forces the people have to repel the military threat. A. Platonov gave the following answer in his story: “the key to victory is the soul of the people.” The plot was based on twists and turns life path locomotive driver Maltsev. During a thunderstorm, this man lost his sight from a lightning strike and, without noticing it, almost caused the train he was driving to crash. After this, the driver’s vision returned. Unable to explain anything, Maltsev was convicted and went to prison. Maltsev's assistant suggested that the investigator simulate a lightning strike in laboratory conditions. The investigator did just that. The driver's innocence was proven. However, after the experience, Maltsev again lost his sight completely, as he thought. At the end of the story, fate smiled on the hero: he regains his sight.

The work is not so much about trials, but about how people overcome these trials. Maltsev is a man of high romantic spirit. He considers his work a majestic calling, a work of human happiness. The hero of A. Platonov is a poet of his profession. The locomotive under his control turns into a semblance of the finest musical instrument, obedient to the will of the artist. A beautiful and furious world surrounds Maltsev. But the world of this man’s soul is just as beautiful and furious.

Anyone can lose physical vision. But not everyone will be able to remain sighted in this grief. Maltsev’s “spiritual vision” did not disappear for a moment. It seems that his recovery at the end of the story is a legitimate reward for the victorious man.

But despite the fact that the story has the subtitle “Machinist Maltsev,” A. Platonov reveals other human stories. The fate of the narrator is interesting. This is a novice railway worker, an assistant driver. He witnessed the drama when Maltsev lost his sight on the way. He, the narrator, had to save this man: the assistant driver talks with the investigator, watching with pain how Maltsev suffers, deprived of the opportunity to do what he loves. The narrator finds himself next to Maltsev at the moment when the driver’s vision returned.

The writer's skill is manifested in the depiction of circumstances, in the ability to show the spiritual evolution of the hero's consciousness. The narrator admits: “I was not Maltsev’s friend, and he always treated me without attention or care.” But this phrase is difficult to believe: the narrator simply cannot overcome modesty and speak out loud about the tenderness of his soul. Final words The story reveals the whole beautiful and furious world of the soul that both Maltsev and the narrator live in. When it became clear that Maltsev had regained his sight, “...he turned his face to me and began to cry. I approached him and kissed him back: “Drive the car to the end, Alexander Vasilyevich: now you see the whole world!” " Having said “the whole world! “, the narrator seemed to include Maltsev’s spiritual beauty in the concept of “light”: the driver defeated not only external circumstances, but also his internal doubts.