The theme of the story is black chicken or underground inhabitants. "black chicken or underground inhabitants." Main ideas of the tale

04.11.2019

Russian prose literary fairy tale of the first half of the 19th century

Plan:

1. The tale of A. Pogorelsky “The Black Chicken, or Underground Inhabitants.” Problems, ideological meaning, plot, image of the main character, originality of style, genre specificity.

2. The main aspects of V.F.’s creativity Odoevsky.

3. Further development of the literary fairy tale in Russia

Literature

1. Mineralova I.G. Children's literature. - M., 2002, p. 60 - 61, 72 - 76, 92-96

2. Sharov A. Wizards come to people. - M., 1979

Romantic writers discovered the fairy tale genre for “high” literature. In parallel with this, in the era of romanticism, childhood was discovered as a unique, inimitable world, the depth and value of which attracts adults.

Researcher of Russian romanticism N. Verkovsky wrote that romanticism established the cult of the child and the cult of childhood. In search of the ideal of romance, they turned to an unclouded child's view of the world, contrasting it with the sometimes selfish, crudely material world of adults. The world of childhood and the world of fairy tales are ideally combined in the work of A. Pogorelsky. His magical story “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants” has become a classic work, originally addressed to young readers.

Anthony Pogorelsky is the pseudonym of Alexei Alekseevich Perovsky, the son of the noble Catherine’s nobleman A.K. Razumovsky. As a child, A. Perovsky received a varied education at home, then graduated from Moscow University in just over two years. He left the university with the title of Doctor of Philosophy and Literary Sciences, received for his lectures in the natural sciences. During the War of 1812, Perovsky was a military officer, participated in the battles of Dresden, Kulm, and served in Saxony. Here he met the famous German musician and romantic writer T. Amadeus Hoffmann. Communication with Hoffmann left an imprint on the nature of Perovsky’s work.

The ironic pseudonym “Antony Pogorelsky” is associated with the name of the writer’s estate Pogoreltsy in the Chernigov province and the name of St. Anthony of Pechersk, who once retired from the world to Chernigov. Antony Pogorelsky is one of the most mysterious figures in Russian literature. Friends called him the Byron of St. Petersburg: he was also smart, talented, recklessly brave, and even outwardly resembled the famous English poet.

A. Pogorelsky wrote poetry, articles about literature, in prose he largely anticipated the appearance of Gogol, and stood at the origins of the fantastic trend in Russian literature. The collection of stories “The Double, or My Evenings in Little Russia” (1828) attracted people with the mystery of either mysterious or touching stories told with a fair amount of clever irony; the novel “The Monastery” (1 part - 1830, 2 parts - 1833) was at one time noted as the first successful work about the Russian provincial nobility, and finally, the magic story for children “The Black Hen, or Underground Inhabitants” (1829) throughout For more than a hundred years, he has been captivating children with fairy-tale plots, without edifying, convincing them of the true value of goodness, truth, honesty and hard work. Pogorelsky contributed to the development of Russian literature by contributing to the education and literary development of his nephew, Alexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy.

"The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants" (1828).

Problems, ideological meaning. The story is subtitled “A Magic Tale for Children.” There are two lines of narration in it - real and fabulous-fantastic. Their bizarre combination determines the plot, style, and imagery of the work. Pogorelsky wrote a story for his ten-year-old nephew. He calls the main character Alyosha. Translated from Greek, Alexey means intercessor, so the dedication to his nephew, the literary character’s own name and his essence happily coincided. But in the fairy tale there are tangible echoes not only of Alyosha Tolstoy’s childhood, but also of the author himself (also Alexei). As a child, he was placed in a boarding house for a short time, suffered from separation from home, ran away from it, and broke his leg. The high wooden fence enclosing the boarding yard and the living space of its pupils is not only a realistic detail in “The Black Hen”, but also a symbolic sign of the author’s “memory of Childhood”.

“The gate and gate that led to the alley were always locked, and therefore Alyosha never managed to visit this alley, which greatly aroused his curiosity. Whenever they allowed him to play in the yard during rest hours, his first movement was to run up to the fence.”

Round holes in the fence are the only connection with the outside world. The boy is lonely, and he feels this especially bitterly during the “vacant time”, when he is separated from his comrades.

A sad, poignant note permeates Pogorelsky's story. The narration is told on behalf of the author-narrator, with frequent appeals to imaginary listeners, which gives special warmth and trust. The time and place of the events that took place are specified: “Forty years ago, in St. Petersburg on Vasilyevsky Island, in the First Line, there lived the owner of a men’s boarding house...” Before the reader, Petersburg of the late 19th century appears, a boarding house, a teacher with curls, a toupee and a long braid, his wife, powdered and pomaded, with a whole greenhouse of different colors on her head. Alyosha's outfit is written out in detail.

All descriptions are bright, picturesque, convex, given taking into account children's perception. For a child, detail is important in the overall picture. Finding himself in the kingdom of the underground inhabitants, “Alyosha began to carefully examine the hall, which was very richly decorated. It seemed to him that the walls were made of marble, such as he had seen in the mineral study of the boarding house. The panels and doors were pure gold. At the end of the hall, under a green canopy, on an elevated place, there were armchairs made of gold. Alyosha admired this decoration, but it seemed strange to him that everything was in the smallest form, as if for small dolls.”

Realistic objects, everyday details in fairy-tale episodes (tiny lit candles in silver chandeliers, nodding goal porcelain Chinese dolls, twenty little knights in gold armor, with crimson feathers on their hats) bring the two levels of narration together, making it natural Alyosha's transition from the real world to the magical and fantastic one.

Everything that happened to the hero makes the reader think about many serious questions. How to feel about success? How not to be proud of unexpected great luck? What can happen if you don't listen to the voice of conscience? What is fidelity to one's word? Is it easy to overcome the bad in yourself? After all, “vices usually enter through the door and exit through a crack.” The author poses a complex of moral problems without condescension to either the hero’s age or the reader’s age. A child’s life is not a toy version of an adult: everything in life happens once and in earnest.

Is The Black Hen didactic? The educational pathos is obvious. If we ignore the artistic fabric of the story, it can be expressed in words: be honest, hardworking, modest. But Pogorelsky managed to put the educational idea into such a romantically elevated and at the same time life-convincing, truly magical-fairy-tale form that the child reader perceives the moral lesson with his heart.

The plot of the story. The serious problems of Pogorelsky's story are easily absorbed by children thanks to the fascinating fairy-tale plot and the very successful central image of the hero - the reader's peer.

Analysis of the plot of the story convinces that in terms of genre the work is not so unambiguous, which additionally imparts artistic completeness and pedagogical depth to its content.

The story begins with exposition (prehistory of events unfolding directly within the artistic time of the work).

The beginning- Alyosha’s intercession for Chernushka.

Climax(the highest point of tension of all problem lines), a kind of event “node” of the conflict - Alyosha’s choice in the magical gardens of the underground inhabitants of hemp seeds , and not other grown beautiful flowers and fruits . This very choice is accompanied by seduction(it’s hard not to succumb to the temptation to easily know everything perfectly). But, having once given in to his thought, which seems harmless to others, the little man embarks on the path of first a very small, and then increasingly growing lie. So, it seems, forgetting the rules also magically comes to him. and promises. Then the kind and compassionate boy begins to express pride, an unjustified sense of superiority over others. This pride grows from a magical remedy - hemp seed, datura herb.

Moreover, the loss of a hemp seed by the hero is not yet the end; the boy is twice given a chance to get out of the current situation without moral losses, but, having found the hemp seed again, he embarks on the same disastrous path.

The denouement there will be an exposure of deception, “betrayal” of the underground inhabitants, and their departure is already an epilogue (events that are sure to follow, and no one can change them). Lyrically, the denouement is Alyosha’s repentance, a bitter, irreparable feeling of loss, pity for the heroes with whom he must part, and nothing can be changed either in his own actions or in the actions of others. The event side is the reason for the beginning of the “work of the soul.”

Intuitively, the reader comes to a conclusion, albeit not verbally formulated: pride and arrogance are overcome by remorse, repentance, complicity, compassion, pity for others. Moral conclusions sound aphoristic: “The lost are corrected by people, the wicked are corrected by angels, and the proud are corrected by the Lord GOD himself.”(St. John Climacus)

The image of the main character

The image of Alyosha, a nine-year-old pupil of an old St. Petersburg boarding school, was developed by the writer with special attention to his inner life. For the first time in a Russian children's book, a living boy appeared here, every emotional movement of which speaks of the author's deep knowledge of child psychology. Alyosha is endowed with features characteristic of a child of his age. He is emotional, impressionable, observant, inquisitive; reading ancient chivalric novels (the typical reading repertoire of an 18th-century boy) developed his naturally rich imagination. He is kind, brave, sympathetic. And at the same time, nothing childish is alien to him. He is playful, restless, easily succumbed to the temptation of not learning a boring lesson, playing cunning, and hiding his childhood secrets from adults.

Like most children, fairy tales and reality are fused together in his mind. In the real world, the boy clearly sees traces of the miraculous, elusive for adults, and he himself continuously creates a fairy tale every minute in everyday life. So it seems to him that the holes in the fence, knocked together from old boards, were turned by a sorceress, and, of course, there is nothing surprising if she brings news from home or a toy. An ordinary chicken, fleeing the persecution of the cook, suddenly can easily speak and ask for help. That’s why magic knights, coming to life porcelain dolls, a mysterious underground kingdom with its peaceful and kind people, a grain with magical powers, and other wonders of a fairy tale with all the rights and laws.

How easily a fairy tale invades the life of Pogorelsky’s hero, so freely, in turn, the techniques of realistic writing are introduced into the story of the mysterious: accuracy in the description of everyday details and elements of psychological analysis unusual for a fairy tale.

The details of everyday life in the fairy-tale episodes of the story seem to have been suggested to the artist by a child, filled with naive faith in the reality of everything wonderful. Tiny lit candles in silver candlesticks, the size of Alyosha’s little finger, appear on the chairs, washstand and on the floor of the dark room, the chicken Chernushka comes for Alyosha; a large couch made of Dutch tiles, on which people and animals are painted in blue glaze, is encountered on their way to the underworld. They also see antique beds with white muslin canopies. It is easy to notice that all these objects came into the story not from an unknown magical land, but from an ordinary St. Petersburg mansion of the 18th century. Thus, the writer and the hero, as it were, “revive” the fairy tale, convincing the reader of the authenticity of the plot’s fiction.

The further Alyosha and Chernushka go into the mysterious world of underground inhabitants, the less historical and everyday flavor becomes in the text. But the clarity of a child’s vision, children’s vigilance and concreteness of ideas remain: twenty knights in golden armor, with crimson feathers on their armor, quietly marching in pairs into the hall, twenty little pages in crimson dresses carrying the royal robe. The clothes of the courtiers, the decoration of the palace chambers - everything was painted by Pogorelsky with a thoroughness that captivates a child, creating the illusion of “realness”, which he values so much both in games and in fairy tales.

Almost all the events of a fairy tale can be explained, say, by the hero’s tendency to daydream, to fantasize. He loves chivalric romances and is often ready to see the ordinary in a fantastic light. The director of the schools, for whose reception the boarding house is excitedly preparing, in his imagination appears as “a famous knight in shiny armor and a helmet with shiny feathers,” but, to his surprise, instead of a “feathered helmet,” Alyosha sees “ just a small bald head, whitely powdered, the only decoration of which... was a small bun.” But the author does not seek to destroy the fragile balance between fairy tales and life; he leaves unsaid, for example, why Chernushka, being a minister, appears in the form of a chicken and what connection the underground inhabitants have with the old Dutch women.

A developed imagination, the ability to dream, fantasize constitute the wealth of the personality of a growing person. That is why the main character of the story is so charming. This is the first living, non-schematic image of a child, a boy in children's literature. Alyosha, like any ten-year-old child, is inquisitive, active, and impressionable. His kindness and responsiveness manifested itself in the rescue of his beloved chicken Chernushka, which served as the beginning of the fairy tale plot. It was a decisive and courageous act: the little boy threw himself on the cook’s neck, who inspired him with “horror and disgust” with her cruelty (the cook at that moment grabbed Chernushka by the wing with a knife in her hands). Alyosha, without hesitation, parted with his precious imperial gift from his kind grandmother. For the author of a sentimental children's story, this episode would be quite enough to reward the hero a hundredfold for his kind heart. But Pogorelsky paints a living boy, childishly spontaneous, playful, unable to resist the temptation of idleness and vanity.

Alyosha takes the first step towards his troubles unintentionally. At the king’s tempting offer to name his wish, Alyosha “hastened to answer” and said the first thing that could come to mind for almost every schoolchild: “I would like that, without studying, I would always know my lesson, no matter what I was given.”

The denouement of the story - the scene of Chernushka's farewell to Alyosha, the noise of the small people leaving their kingdom, Alyosha's despair at the irreparability of his rash act - is perceived by the reader as an emotional shock. For the first time, perhaps in his life, he and the hero are experiencing the drama of betrayal. Without exaggeration, one can speak of catharsis - the elevation of the enlightened soul of the young reader, who succumbed to the magic of Pogorelsky's story-fairy tale.

Style Features

The originality of the thinking of the child, the hero of the story, through whose eyes many of the events of the story were seen, prompted the writer to select visual means. Therefore, every line of “The Black Hen” resonates with readers who are the hero’s peers.

The writer, inventive in fantastic fiction, is attentive to the careful recreation of genuine life. The landscapes of old St. Petersburg, full of details, as if copied from life, more precisely, of one of its oldest streets - the First Line of Vasilyevsky Island, with its wooden sidewalks, small mansions covered with Dutch tiles, and spacious courtyards fenced with baroque boards. Pogorelsky described in detail and carefully Alyosha’s clothes, the decoration of the festive table, and the complex hairstyle of the teacher’s wife, made in the fashion of that time, and many other details of everyday life in St. Petersburg in the 18th century.

The everyday scenes of the story are marked by the author's slightly mocking smile. This is exactly how the pages depicting the funny bustle in the teacher’s house before the principal’s arrival were made.

The vocabulary and style of the story are extremely interesting. The style of “Black Chicken” is free and varied. In an effort to make the story entertaining for a child, Pogorelsky does not allow simplification, does not strive for such accessibility, which is achieved by impoverishing the text. When encountering thoughts and images in a work that are complex and not fully understandable, the child assimilates their context in a generalized way, not being able to approach them analytically. But mastering a text that requires certain mental efforts from the reader, designed “for growth,” is always more fruitful than easy reading.

“The Black Hen” is easily perceived by the modern reader. There is practically no archaic vocabulary or outdated figures of speech here. And at the same time, the story is structured stylistically diverse. There is an epic leisurely exposition, an emotional story about the rescue of Chernushka, about miraculous incidents associated with underground inhabitants. Often the author resorts to lively, relaxed dialogue.

In the style of the story, a significant role belongs to the writer’s reproduction of children’s thoughts and speech. Pogorelsky was one of the first to pay attention to its specificity and use it as a means of artistic representation. “If I were a knight,” Alyosha reflects, “I would never drive a cab.” Or: “She (the old Dutch woman) seemed to him (Alyosha) like wax.” Thus, Pogorelsky uses childish intonation both for the hero’s speech characteristics and in the author’s speech. Stylistic diversity, bold appeal to lexical layers of varying degrees of complexity and at the same time attention to the peculiarities of perception of the child reader made Pogorelsky's story a classic children's book.

Antony Pogorelsky Black chicken, or Underground inhabitants Pilipenko Yana, 5 “A” class

Anthony Pogorelsky (1787-1836) The real name of the writer is Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky. He was well educated, graduated from Moscow University, and took part in the Patriotic War of 1812. Pogorelsky wrote poetry, articles about literature, and prose. The most famous is his fairy tale “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants.”

Alyosha is the main character of the fairy tale. The writer composed this fairy tale for his nephew Alyosha, after whom the main character is named. Alyosha is a pupil of a private boarding school for boys. He was a kind, sympathetic and smart boy. Everyone loved and caressed him. One day a magical story happened to Alyosha.

Friendship with Chernushka Alyosha was bored at the boarding house on weekends, when his friends went home. Out of boredom, he fed the chickens. The boy became very friendly with one of them, Chernushka. One day Alyosha saved Chernushka from a chef’s knife. And at night Chernushka came to the boy’s bedroom and told him that she was not an ordinary chicken, but a minister of the Underworld. Chernushka invited Alyosha to a magical land.

In the Underground Kingdom In the Underground Kingdom, Alyosha met the king and other inhabitants of the magical land. In gratitude for saving Chernushka, the king gave the boy a hemp seed, which helped him know all the lessons without having to learn them. The inhabitants of the Underworld showed Alyosha their country, treated him to sweets, rode horses, and invited him to hunt.

The magic grain Alyosha returned to the boarding house. Now he became the best student, because he had a magic grain. At first he was ashamed of his success, but then he began to show off in front of his friends. From a sweet and kind boy he turned into a proud and disobedient one.

The deception has been revealed! Alyosha stopped studying his homework completely. But one day a terrible thing happened - he lost a grain and could not answer the lesson. The teacher punished the boy and locked him in the room. Chernushka helped him and gave him a new grain. Alyosha answered the lesson perfectly, but the teacher did not believe that the boy learned 20 pages so quickly.

Alyosha is sick. Alyosha's comrades said that he had not studied his lessons, and the teacher ordered the rod to be brought. Alyosha got scared and told everyone about the Underground Kingdom and its inhabitants. Out of grief and shame, Alyosha fell ill.

Farewell to Chernushka In the evening, Chernushka came to the boy’s bedroom and said that now all the inhabitants of the Underground Kingdom must move. Alyosha noticed that Minister Chernushka had chains on his hands. This is retribution for the fact that Alyosha discovered the secret of the Underworld.

Alyosha's recovery In parting, Chernushka asked Alyosha to improve and become a kind and hardworking boy again. Alyosha was sick for a very long time. After six weeks he recovered, and everything that happened to him seemed like a bad dream. Alyosha again became a kind, obedient and modest boy. His comrades fell in love with him again and followed his example.

The work “Black Chicken or Underground Inhabitants” was written by Pogorelsky in 1829. There are facts that confirm that the fairy tale was written for the nephew of the writer Tolstoy, the future virtuoso of Russian literature. The story of the fairy tale began with little Tolstoy telling his uncle that he once played in the yard with a chicken. These words became the ancestors of a fairy tale that is still relevant today.

The author gave the work the subtitle “A Magic Tale for Children.” But, if we turn to literary criticism, then the story is a work of medium volume, in which there are several plot lines. But, in essence, this is not a story, since the plot line is one and the volume of the work is closer to the story. This work can be classified as a fairy tale, because in addition to real events, it also contains fantastic ones.

The author constructed the plot in such a way that one can quite easily discern the dual worlds; it is always characteristic of romanticism. The reader reads about events in the real world, this is a boarding house, and also in the fictional world, in the work this is an underground kingdom. Pogorelsky is prone to romanticism, perhaps due to the fact that he served with Hoffmann. The main theme of the tale is the adventure of Alyosha, who is looking for adventure either in the underground kingdom or in a boarding house. The author in the work is trying to say that it is very important to keep your word, and it is also better to do something yourself. In addition, in the work you can see the idea that you cannot put yourself above others.

From the very beginning of the work, the reader is immersed in it, because almost from the first lines the author takes the reader to the city of St. Petersburg. In almost two paragraphs, the author describes the city and the boarding house in which the events directly take place. The central character is Alyosha, as well as Chernushka, the chicken. The supporting characters are the teacher, the cook and Holland's grandmothers. In addition to these characters, there are also teams, such as boarding house students and dungeon dwellers.

All events occur in a chain, everything is logical. Alyosha meets people at the boarding house, then a chicken, and soon saves Chernushka. Next, the boy ends up with the minister in a dungeon and studies with a hemp seed. Then he loses this seed, but in the end Alyosha fixed everything, and everything that now looked like a vague dream.

Thanks to the “two worlds”, the author was able to show with the help of the work many problems that are eternal, and therefore relevant today. This tale is a kind of example of how it is necessary to present eternal problems to the reader. This work is very useful for children to read, but it is equally important for adults to read the work.

Detailed analysis

It is no coincidence that Anton Pogorelsky’s fairy tale is studied in the school curriculum. This is a wonderful literary work. Recognizable, original, Russian.

It seems like a fairy tale, but it’s not like any of the ones we know. This tale contains more real events than fiction.

The action takes place not in the Three-Ninth Kingdom, but in St. Petersburg, on Vasilyevsky Island. The boy Alyosha's parents send him to a boarding house, paying for his education several years in advance. For some everyday reason, they completely forget about their son.

Alyosha is homesick and misses his parents. He feels his loneliness and abandonment especially acutely on holidays and weekends, when all his comrades go home. The teacher allows him to use his library. Alyosha reads a lot, especially novels about noble knights.

When the weather is good and he gets tired of reading, Alyosha goes out into the yard. The space of the yard is limited by a fence made of baroque boards, beyond which he is not allowed to go. He loves to watch the life of the alley through the holes made by wooden nails, which seem to have been drilled especially for him in the baroque boards by a kind sorceress.

Alyosha also made friends with chickens, especially Chernushka. He treated her to crumbs from the dinner table and talked to her for a long time. It seemed to him that she understood him and responded with sincere affection.

Wonderful style and language of the story: detailed, figurative. What is it worth, for example, to observe that people age over the years, but cities, on the contrary, become younger and prettier.

The characters in the tale are depicted with several precise strokes. But they appear before the reader’s imagination three-dimensionally, realistically, vividly. These are not cliché heroes, these are real people, characters, birds, beasts, animals.

The action in the story develops logically and sequentially. All residents of the estate in which the boarding house is located await the arrival of the school director on one of the weekends. His family of teachers is especially looking forward to it. They started cleaning the boarding house in the morning. Preparations are also underway in the kitchen.

Alyosha is not happy about these events. He noticed that usually on such days the number of chickens with whom he was accustomed to communicate decreases. Not without reason, he assumes that the cook is involved in this. So this time she went out into the yard with the intention of catching another chicken in order to prepare a meat dish from it for the holiday table.

The “branchy little girl” filled the boy with horror. She chased the chickens and caught his beloved Chernushka. It seemed to Alyosha that the chicken was calling him for help. Without hesitation, he rushed to the rescue. In surprise, the cook released the chicken from her hands, and it flew onto the roof of the barn. The angry Chukhonka shouted: “Why bother? He can’t do anything, he can’t sit still!”

To reassure the cook, Alyosha gives her a gold imperial, which was very dear to him, because his grandmother gave him the coin as a souvenir.

Then the guests arrived. Alyosha imagined the school directors as a knight in armor with a “feathered helmet” on his head. It turned out that he was a small, puny man with a bald head instead of a helmet, wearing a tailcoat instead of armor. He arrived in a cab, not on horseback. It was completely incomprehensible why everyone treated him with such respect.

Alyosha was dressed up and forced to portray a capable student in front of the guests. Tired of the day's events, he finally goes to bed.

This is where the fabulous events begin. The reader can guess: they happen in reality or in Alyosha’s dream.

Chernushka appears from under the sheet on the next bed. She speaks in a human voice. In gratitude for the rescue, he wants to show Alyosha a wonderful country with underground inhabitants. He warns that you will have to get into it through the rooms of hundred-year-old Dutch women who lived here in the boarding house, and about whom Alyosha had heard a lot. When passing through their rooms, nothing can be touched and nothing can be done.

Twice the hen led the boy into the underworld, and both times he disobeyed her. The first time I shook hands with the learned cat, the second time I nodded to the doll. Therefore, the knights descended from the walls and blocked the path to the underworld. Chernushka had to fight with the knights to get to the king.

In gratitude for saving his beloved minister (who turned out to be Chernushka), the king of the underworld gives Alyosha a wonderful hemp seed that can fulfill any desire.

Alyosha wanted to know everything about his studies, without preparing for lessons. At first, he surprised both his teachers and his comrades with his abilities, but then he had to admit that he received a wonderful gift from the king of the underworld.

Alyosha loses the grain, and with it his abilities. Chernushka and the underground inhabitants are not offended by him, although they had to leave their favorite places. Alyosha is given a chance to improve.

The fairy tale teaches that one must try to earn the respect of others. Undeserved success makes a person proud, arrogant, and arrogant. One lie leads to another. It is not easy to get rid of vices. But there is always a chance to start a new good life.

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Lesson summary based on the fairy tale "The Black Hen, or Underground Inhabitants" by Anthony Pogorelsky

Lesson objectives:

Develop fluent expressive reading skills,

Develop the ability to answer questions competently,

Develop the ability to analyze and summarize material,

Learn to identify the main idea of a work,

To develop in students the ability to draw conclusions for themselves by observing the actions of literary heroes.

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Preview:

Organizational moment

Goal setting:

Guys, today we have an unusual lesson, we will go to a fairy tale

Anthony Pogorelsky "Black chicken or underground inhabitants"

We will meet with the boy Alyosha and discuss what mysterious story happened to him.

Working with text

So, I want to invite you to a fairy tale.

(open title page)

Petersburg. 1829 We found ourselves on Vasilyevsky Island, in the first line, in front of us is a two-story building.

We read the beginning, preserving the fabulous, ancient style:“Forty years ago, in St. Petersburg on Vasilyevsky Island, in the First Line, there lived the owner of a men’s boarding house...”

Let's explain:

Saint Petersburg.

Vasilyevsky Island.

Line.

Boarding house.

Saint Petersburg . Peter I, having defeated the Swedes in 1702, decided to found a new fortress in the Neva delta. The day when construction of the bastions of the new fortress began - May 13 (27), 1703 - is generally considered the day of the founding of St. Petersburg, although the first significant structures appeared only three to four years later. Therefore, by decision of the Russian government, the founding of St. Petersburg is celebrated in 2003.

Vasilyevsky Island, the largest island (1050 hectares) in the Neva delta, historical district of St. Petersburg.

Line - the name of each side of the street on Vasilyevsky Island.

Pension (French pension, from Latin pensio - payment). In the Russian Empire and some foreign countries, a closed educational institution with a dormitory and full student support.)

So what is this building on the screen? (pension)

Guys, let's find in our “guide” to the fairy tale - this is a description of the boarding house in the text,

“The house, which you now - as I already told you - will not find, was about two

floors, covered with Dutch tiles. The porch along which one entered it was wooden and overlooked the street. From the vestibule a rather steep staircase led to the upper housing, which consisted of eight or nine rooms, in which the keeper of the boarding house lived on one side, and classrooms on the other. The dormitories, or children’s bedrooms, were located on the lower floor, on the right side of the entryway, and on the left lived two old Dutch women, each of whom was more than a hundred years old and who saw Peter the Great with their own eyes and even spoke to him.”

What unfamiliar words did you come across?

(dormitories, vestibule)

Let's find out what it is. (We ask the children or read on the slide.

Dormitory - bedrooms, canopy – entrance hall, corridor).

What other unfamiliar words did you come across in the text?

(Children name some of them and read on the slide)

These words, guys, have fallen out of our use and are called outdated words or archaisms.

Let's write down these terms in a notebook

Our journey through the fairy tale continues, and here he is, our main character of the fairy tale, the boy Alyosha, your age. Let's read his description:

(“...in that boarding school there was one boy named Alyosha, who was then no more than 9 or 10 years old. Alyosha was a smart, cute boy, he studied well, and everyone loved and caressed him. However, despite this, he was often bored sometimes it was even sad... The days of study passed quickly and pleasantly for him, but when Saturday came and all his comrades hurried home to their relatives, then Alyosha bitterly felt his loneliness. On Sundays and holidays he was left alone all day. then his only consolation was reading books. Alyosha already knew by heart the deeds of the most glorious knights. His favorite pastime on long winter evenings, on Sundays and other holidays was to mentally transport himself to ancient, long-gone centuries... Alyosha’s other pastime was feeding the chickens. who lived near the fence. Among the chickens, he especially loved the black crested one, called Chernushka, who was more affectionate to him than the others; she even sometimes allowed herself to be stroked, and therefore Alyosha brought her the best pieces."

Let's now remember what happened to him.

Let's do this in the form of a quick survey, for each correct answer you receive a symbol of this fairy tale - a grain.

Why was Alyosha left alone in the boarding house? (all students went on vacation)
What was his consolation in his lonely hours? (reading books, playing with chickens in the yard)
Which chicken did Alyosha love the most? (Chernushka)
How did Alyosha save Chernushka? (He begged the cook to let the chicken go, cried, hung on his hand, and the chicken ran away)
What was Alyosha afraid of at night? (the sheet on the next bed moved, and a chicken came out from under it)
How did Chernushka cope with the knights? (spread her wings, became ruffled, became big, and fought off the knights)
Where did the chicken take the boy? (to the underworld)
Who turned out to be Chernushka in the underworld? (chief minister)
What wish did Alyosha make? (so that he always knows the lesson without teaching him)
What object was given to Alyosha to make his wish come true? (grain)
What condition did the king set for Alyosha? (don't tell anyone about the dungeon)
How did the king react to Alyosha’s wish? (he was surprised that Alyosha turned out to be so lazy)

Physical education minute

Okay, well done, I see that you know the text of the work well, and now let’s look at an excerpt from the cartoon “Black Chicken or Underground Inhabitants” and compare the depicted fragment with an excerpt from the text.

(EXCERPT from a cartoon about saving the nigella. 00.42 – 3.25 )

You watched a fragment of an animated film and try to determine whether there is a difference in the depiction of the rescue of Chernushka by Antony Pogorelsky and the creators of the cartoon.

(The difference is that Antony Pogorelsky in the fairy tale shows how Alyosha asks the cook Trinushka not to cut the chicken. In the cartoon, the rescue scene is presented differently: a kite suddenly swoops in, Alyosha boldly rushes at him with a stick and beats Chernushka off)

Why do you think Chernushka decided to tell Alyosha her secret?

(Alyosha was a kind boy. Chernushka wanted to thank the boy for saving her life. Chernushka probably wanted to make Alyosha’s life more interesting and educational).

– Now watch another fragment of the animated film.

8.35 – 9.40

– What interesting trees grew in the fairy garden?

(There were trees whose fruits could make a person wise; on another tree the seeds of kindness ripened; a tree of health grew).

Yes, you are right, but, nevertheless, Alyosha still chose what as a gift? That's right, a seed that makes it possible not to learn lessons.

Let's see what came of it.

Practical work.

Guys, we continue to travel through the fairy tale.

So, Alyosha received the magic grain, and his life changed, and he himself changed. Let's characterize Alyosha before receiving the grain, and after receiving the grain.

On the board there are words that characterize Alyosha. Arrange these words in two columnsBefore receiving the grain and After receiving the grain.

Kind

Cruel

Affectionate

Communicative

Bold

Curious

Modest

Naughty

Shy

Stubborn

Proud

Self-test A. I show the correct answer.

Let's conclude why Alyosha turned from an obedient, kind, affectionate boy into a stubborn, disobedient, impudent one.

(answer)

Conclusion: He had nothing to do, and from idleness Alyosha began to play pranks, be rude, and misbehave.

It’s not for nothing that folk wisdom says:The day until the evening is boring if there is nothing to do!

Guys, our journey through the fairy tale is coming to an end, and what is the ending of any fairy tale? – good conquers evil!

Guys, have we ever encountered such evil in any fairy tale? (No)

What evil, or what evil heroes, have we read about? (Baba Yaga, Koschey the Immortal, Serpent Gorynych and the like. In fairy tales, evil is usually personified or objectified)

Has the boy tried to fight this evil?(Yes)

How? (Sometimes Alyosha still felt ashamed, his conscience tormented him. This means that in his soul there was a struggle between virtue and vices.)

What won? (Good won, Alyosha punished himself: he suffered for several days. From this torment, his health was undermined, and when one day Chernushka came to him in a dream again and a farewell scene took place between them, Alyosha fainted and lay unconscious for several days with with a strong fever. After Alyosha recovered, he again tried to be obedient, kind, modest and diligent. This means that goodness won, won in Alyosha’s soul.)

Remember how Alyosha was punished. What was the hardest punishment for him?

Conclusion: good defeated evil, Alyosha became his former obedient boy.

(EXCERPT from the cartoon 17.05 – 19.30 )

So our journey through the fairy tale has ended.

Homework

“...Alyosha was ashamed to talk about it...”

Have you ever been ashamed of your actions?

Write the answer to the question

What way out of this situation did you find?

Reflection

Guys, today at the lesson many of you received magic grains, you can also try to make a wish, write what wish you made on the grain. Describe it, but first think about what consequences it could lead to.

Literature lesson notes
in 5th grade
A. Pogorelsky "Black Chicken, or Underground Inhabitants." Moral lessons of a fairy tale

prepared

teacher of Russian language and literature

Esina Elena Evgenievna

The purpose of the lesson isformation of moral qualities of students through analysis of the actions of the main character of A. Pogorelsky’s fairy tale “The Black Hen, or Underground Inhabitants”

The objectives of the lesson are:

Arouse students' interest in the personality of A. Pogorelsky;

Review students' knowledge about the fairy tale;

Development monologue speech

Continue to develop the ability to determine the main idea of a work, draw conclusions by observing the actions of the heroes of a literary fairy tale;

Equally important for this period of schoolchildren’s development are developmental goals - to develop mental operations (synthesis, analysis, generalization);

Develop critical thinking to form your own point of view.

In this case, all this contributes to achieving the main goal (educational).

According to the program, this lesson is extracurricular reading.

The content of this fairy tale clearly suggests identifying and comprehending its moralizing meaning, so I set the main goal of this lessoneducational purpose :

To form positively significant personality qualities (hard work, honesty, communication skills) using the example of Pogorelsky’s fairy tale and a discussion of the actions and actions of the boy Alyosha.

Educational purpose

1. Analysis of A. Pogorelsky’s fairy tale “The Black Hen, or Underground Inhabitants”

2. Compilation of a literary description of the main character Alyosha. Understanding the moralizing plot.

Developmental goal :

Development of critical thinking, development of mental operations: synthesis, analysis, generalization.

I prepared this lesson within the framework of the technology Development of critical thinking based on reading.

The structure of lessons within this technology is as follows:

Reproduction and reproduction of knowledge (I know this) in this lesson, this part was implemented through a blitz survey, I made sure that the children knew the content of the fairy tale and mastered the literary material.

part of this technology involves increasing knowledge (what I learned or discovered something new). Children learned to classify the character traits of a literary hero, chose positive qualities, triedmotivate choice.At the same time, they formed their life position, or point of view

The technique “Work in groups” was used to consolidate the material.

As a result of the lesson, we had to build a table: logically semantic modeling.

To conduct this lesson, the appropriate type was chosen - generalization and systematization of knowledge.

The structure of the lesson and its content are built within the frameworktechnologies "Development of Critical Thinking"

During the lesson a combination was usedteaching methods

reproductive

explanatory - illustrative

understanding knowledge at a new level

partially - search

Some lessons within this technology always involve reflection.

(The children made wishes on the grains, remembering the consequences)

Equipment: board, presentation (Appendix 1 ) , group tasks (Appendix 2 ) test tasks (Appendix 3 ), epigraphs:

The fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it!

A lesson to good fellows. (A. Pushkin)

The mind was not given to you so that you

they used him for evil... (A. Pogorelsky)

question on the board: What lesson did you learn from A. Pogorelsky’s fairy tale “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants”?

Hemp seeds are tempting, aren't they? But is it good?

Preliminary task : read a fairy tale, prepare your favorite episode with an illustration for retelling (optional), prepare a reading based on the roles of the episode, repeat information about the fairy tale as a genre of oral folk art.

Lesson progress

Psychological attitude to work: “Everything is in your hands.” Good afternoon

Parable. “Once upon a time there lived a wise man who knew everything. One man wanted to prove that the sage does not know everything. Holding a butterfly in his hands, he asked: “Tell me, sage, which butterfly is in my hands: dead or alive?” And he thinks: “If the living one says, I will kill her; if the dead one says, I will release her.” The sage, after thinking, replied: “Everything is in your hands.” Guys, really, everything is in your hands, we will work so that everyone is interested and everyone learns a lot of new things. Sit down.

Teacher's opening speech.

You already know a lot about fairy tales. This is a whole world: vast, mysterious.

Today we will talk about an unusual fairy tale: “The Black Hen, or the Underground Inhabitants.” It was written by the wonderful writer Antony Pogorelsky in 1829. Count how many years ago? (186 years ago). Yes, about two hundred years have passed since then, but the fairy tale is modern and relevant. Why do you think? (teaches goodness, honesty). So what are we going to talk about when analyzing the fairy tale? (about moral concepts).

3.Write down the topic of the lesson and epigraphs in a notebook.

Open your notebooks, write down the date and topic: Anatoly Pogorelsky “Black Chicken, or Underground Inhabitants.” Moral lessons of a fairy tale.

4.Working with a portrait of the writer.

And now, Guys, let's look at the portrait of the writer. What can you say about this person? What was he like? (kind, honest, purposeful)

Look at this kind, purposeful look. So deep, piercing. He was a truly kind, honest, educated man.

Let's remember what we know about the writer.

Antony Pogorelsky is a pseudonym taken by Alexey Alekseevich Perovsky, the most educated man of the 18th century.

He was the uncle and teacher of the future poet, playwright, writerAlexei Konstantinovich Tolstoy. In 2 years, Alexey Alekseevich graduated from Moscow University and was a participant in the Patriotic War of 1812. Was familiar with Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

When the writer arrived from Germany to St. Petersburg, he settled on his Pogorelitsy estate, where he wrote the fairy tale “The Black Hen” for his nephew Alyosha.

Teacher's word: Thank you.

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy loved to reread this fairy tale to his children. I think that you also read this fairy tale with great pleasure.

Remember: A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it! A lesson to good fellows.

These words spoken by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin are known to everyone. How do you understand this statement? (Although a fairy tale is a fictional story, it contains some kind of moralizing meaning, some kind of lesson for us).

So we will try to understand the hint contained in the fairy tale of Anthony Pogorelsky.

Updating knowledge.

Do you think the story you read can be called a fairy tale?

Prove that this is a fairy tale?

(there is a fairytale beginning “once upon a time”

magic number “3” – three dreams

magic item - hemp seed

wonderful transformations

the chicken is talking to Alyosha.

- How is this magical story different from a magical folk tale? Our fairy tale has an author, but our folk tale does not.

- This is the first literary fairy tale. Are there any other differences?

(Reflects real details of that time, exact geography, location. Name, age of the boy, Alyosha was 10 years old)

Quiz

Checking your homework: retelling your favorite episode, illustrations.

Vocabulary work. Immersion in an era

Petersburg. 1829 We found ourselves on Vasilyevsky Island, in the first line, in front of us is a two-story building.

We read the beginning, preserving the fabulous, ancient style:“Forty years ago, in St. Petersburg on Vasilyevsky Island, in the First Line, there lived the owner of a men’s boarding house...”

Let's explain:

Saint Petersburg.

Vasilyevsky Island.

Line.

Guesthouse.

Saint Petersburg . Peter I, having defeated the Swedes in 1702, decided to found a new fortress in the Neva delta. The day when construction of the bastions of the new fortress began - May 13 (27), 1703 - is generally considered the day of the founding of St. Petersburg.

Vasilyevsky Island , the largest island (1050 hectares) in the Neva delta, historical district of St. Petersburg.

Line - the name of each side of the street on Vasilyevsky Island.-Isaakievskaya Square - considered one of the most famous and magnificentareas centerSaint - St. Petersburg .

–in front of you is the Admiralty - the first building on the left bank of the Neva inSaint - St. Petersburg

-horse guards arena, which built on Konnogvardeysky Boulevard, it was intended for horse riding exercises for soldiers of the Konnogvardeysky Regiment in the autumn and winter seasons.

Pension (French pension, from Latin pensio - payment). In the Russian Empire and some foreign countries, a closed educational institution with a dormitory and full student support.)

So what is this building on the screen? (pension)

Guys, let's find a description of the boarding house,

“The house, which you now - as I already told you - will not find, was about two

What unfamiliar words did you come across?

(dormitories, vestibule)

Let's find out what it is. (We ask the children or read on the slide.

Dormitory - bedrooms,canopy – entrance hall, corridor).

These words, guys, have fallen out of our use and are calledoutdated words orarchaisms.

Let's write down these terms in a notebook.

Now we have become acquainted with the description of Old Petersburg.

Do you think there could be such a detailed description in a folk tale? If not, why not? (Such a description could not exist, since all the events took place in an unspecified place in a folk tale - everything is fictitious, and this fairy tale is literary)

Our journey through the fairy tale continues, and here he is, our main character of the fairy tale, the boy Alyosha, your age. Let's read his description:

So, what was Alyosha like at the beginning of the fairy tale? Why are other guys friends with him?

Smart, cute, Affectionate, Sociable, Modest, Shy

Loves to learn new things

Merciful

Why didn’t Alyosha like the cook? What caused him horror and disgust? (she was the reason that from time to time the number of his chickens decreased, and one day he saw his favorite cockerel in the kitchen with its throat cut. He realized with bitterness that he was unable to help his friends, and this is why he developed an aversion to the cook.)

8. Work in groups.

Guys, you have received group assignments, the answers to which must be presented in the form of a coherent statement.

3) What wish of Alyosha was granted by the king of the underground inhabitants?(so that he always knows the lesson. without teaching it)

2nd group. Alyosha and Chernushka.

What did the Black Hen ask Alyosha when he visited the Underworld? What does it mean to be modest? (work with a dictionary)

S.I. Ozhegov. Modest - restrained in revealing one's merits and merits, not boastful.

D.N. Ushakov. Modest - one who does not strive to show his qualities, merits, merits, devoid of arrogance and arrogance.

2) Why was it the minister who suffered because of Alyosha’s betrayal? (The one who loves always suffers. After Alyosha’s betrayal, he is chained, since the underground inhabitants paid because of Alyosha, who was brought to them by the minister - the Black Chicken).

3 group

1) How does Alyosha feel for the first time after the king’s gift? (Alyosha was internally ashamed of the praise: he was ashamed that they were setting him up as an example to his comrades, when he did not deserve it at all.

2) How does Alyosha behave in the following days? (His pride reached the point that he accepted, without blushing, the praise that was showered on him. He began to think a lot about himself, put on airs in front of other boys and imagined that he was much better and smarter than all of them.)

4th group. Betrayal.

5 group. Alyosha's character.

1) Find in the text of the fairy tale what the author writes about Alyosha’s character. (Alyosha was a smart, cute boy, he studied well, and everyone loved and caressed him.)

2) Does Alyosha’s character change? (Alyosha became a terrible naughty boy. Having no need to repeat the lessons that were assigned to him, he engaged in pranks while other children were preparing for classes, and this idleness spoiled his temper even more.)

9. Generalization. Analytical conversation.

The groups performed the tasks very well. Well done.

So, Alyosha received the magic grain, and his life changed, and he himself changed. Let's characterize Alyosha before and after receiving the grain.On the board there are words that characterize Alyosha. Arrange these words in two columns.Before receiving the grain and after receiving the grain.

Kind

Cruel

Affectionate

Communicative

Bold

Curious

Modest

Naughty

Shy

Stubborn

Proud

Conclusion: He had nothing to do. Idleness spoiled Alyosha; from idleness Alyosha began to play pranks, be rude, and misbehave.Work makes a person better. What is your work? (study) and to study well...need...? Work hard and don’t wait for hemp seeds to be given to you.

Why don’t Alyosha’s successes bring him joy?

Alyosha forgot about the most important thing : everything in the world is given to a person by labor. Knowledge gained through labor cannot be taken away from a person. Alyosha doesn’t bother at all, doesn’t make any effort to know. That’s why grades don’t bring him pleasure.Only what is earned through hard work, honestly, can please and bring happiness.

Guys, our journey through the fairy tale is coming to an end, and what is the ending of any fairy tale? (–good conquers evil!)

Have we ever encountered such evil in any fairy tale? (No. We have not yet read about such evil: after all, in fairy tales it is, as a rule, personified: Baba Yaga, Koschey the Immortal, Serpent Gorynych and the like.)

Has the boy tried to fight this evil? (Certainly)

How? (Sometimes Alyosha still felt ashamed, his conscience tormented him. This means that in his soul there was a struggle between virtue and vices.)

– But why couldn't he improve? (page 139)

- what a moral lesson Alyosha learned, and with him we, the readers. What does this fairy tale teach? Let's listen to the ending of the fairy tale. (Page 143 (The next day...)

(Good won, Alyosha punished himself: he suffered for several days. From this torment, his health was undermined, and when one day Chernushka came to him in a dream again and a farewell scene took place between them, Alyosha fainted and lay unconscious for several days with with a strong fever. After Alyosha recovered, he again tried to be obedient, kind, modest and diligent. This means that goodness won, won.in the shower Alyosha.)

Conclusion: good defeated evil, Alyosha became his former obedient boy.

Why did the writer choose this ending? (Antony Pogorelsky showed us that we need to be responsible for all our actions, and gives us reason to reflect on the words of the teacher:SHOW TO EPIGRAPH: You were not given a mind to use it for evil)

A person must be noble, must be able to forgive. Only what you earn through your own labor can bring joy and happiness. The mind is not for evil.

Summing up the lesson.

Explain the meaning of the quote

11.Homework

Essay – reasoning “Do I want to receive a hemp seed as a gift? »

Literature used

Pogorelsky A. Black chicken, or underground inhabitants. M.: Rosman. 1999. pp. 45-90.

http://www.opeterburge.ru/

Application

Text knowledge test.

Now we will check how much you know the content of the fairy tale. Everyone has a test. Choose the correct one from the options provided. You only have 1 minute to complete.

Let's check it out. Joint Check (Slide)

From the given options, choose the correct answer and underline it.

1. In what city was the boarding school where Alyosha studied?

a) Moscow

b) St. Petersburg

c) Tver

2. What was the greatest consolation for Alyosha on Sundays and holidays, when he was left alone?

a) reading books

b) walk around the yard

c) sleep

3. What did the cook have to give to save the chicken?

a) silver coins

b) gem

c) gold coin (Imperial)

4. Who was the chicken Chernushka in the Underground City?

a) king

b) minister

c) groom

5. What did Alyosha receive as a gift from the king?

a) rare book

b) hemp seed

c) coins

6. How many times did the chicken Chernushka come to Alyosha at night?

a) twice

b) four times ( Let's remember these plots: 1- acquaintance, 2- acquaintance with underground inhabitants. 3- Chernushka returns the lost seed, 4-farewell scene)

c) six times

If you have no errors, put “5”

If 1 error is “4”

If 2 errors - “3”

Hand in the papers only to those who received 6 points.

1 group. Alyosha in the Underground City.

1) What did Alyosha see in the underworld? (Find the description in the fairy tale, p. 135)

3) What wish of Alyosha was granted by the king of the underground inhabitants?

2 group. Alyosha and Chernushka.

1.What did the Black Hen ask Alyosha when he visited the Underworld? What does it mean to be modest? (work with a dictionary)

2) Why was it the minister who suffered because of Alyosha’s betrayal?

3 group

Alyosha's life after the king's gift.

1) How does Alyosha feel the first time after the king’s gift?

2) How does Alyosha behave in the following days?

4th group. Betrayal.

Reading by roles. pp. 144-146 – author, teacher, Alyosha

5 group. Alyosha's character.

1) Find in the text of the fairy tale what the author writes about Alyosha’s character.

2) Does Alyosha’s character change?

Student self-esteem ____________________________

“Vices usually enter through the door and exit through a crack.”

“...if you want to improve, you must constantly watch yourself strictly.”

“...to correct yourself, you need to start by putting aside pride and excessive arrogance.”

“Your mind was not given to you so that you could use it for evil.”

“The more natural abilities and gifts you have, the more modest and obedient you should be.”

“Do not attribute to yourself what does not belong to you, thank fate for the fact that it has brought you benefits against other children, but do not think that you are better than them.”