Hello! Very often, when we are asked to describe ourselves or another person in English, we limit ourselves to a verbal depiction of appearance. Meanwhile, a person is a versatile personality, with his own character traits and other characterizing features. Without using these words, you cannot tell anything about a person as an individual. Describing a person in English
In the vast majority of cases, in order to talk about a person, we use characterizing adjectives. In this article, I tried to collect the most popular adjectives that can be used to describe a man or girl as an individual. For this purpose, you can use words that are part of the following categories:
Let's look at all these categories separately.
Dictionary for describing appearance in English Adjectives characterizing a person in English
When talking about appearance, we describe height, age, voice, clothing. For example, growth can be high ( tall), short ( short) or average ( medium), and age is elderly or old ( old), middle aged ( middle-aged) and young ( young). Speaking about the voice, you can indicate that it is hoarse (cracked), voiced ( crisp) or melodic ( tuneful).
A smile can be charming ( engaging), charming ( charming) and sincere ( sincere) or vice versa, cunning ( cunning), played out ( forced) and insincere ( artificial). You also need to express own opinion about what a person looks like using the following adjectives:
Describing a personality in English involves talking about character traits, habits and preferences. Sides of character can be both positive (intelligent, optimistic, extroverted) and negative (stupid, pessimistic, introverted). And sometimes the same feature, depending on intonation and context, can be both positive and negative (determined, thrifty, obstinate).
When characterizing an individual, do not forget to clarify why you call him that. For example, when you say that a girl is hardworking, explain why you think so:
Any is very hard-working. It can work all day without any break at all. I really admire the way it studies and works. (Annie is a very hard worker. She can work all day without a break. I actually admire the way she studies and works).
The criteria that make up a person’s character are also varied. For ease of memorization and pronunciation, I have placed them in a compact table with translation and transcription. This will make it easier for you to navigate the criteria and remember the characterizing adjectives.
Word |
Translation |
Transcription |
Personality traits |
||
arrogant | arrogant | ["ærəgənt] |
irritable | irritable | ["irit(ə)bl] |
self-confident | self-confident | [self-"kɔnfidənt] |
persistent | persistent | [ pə "sist (ə)nt ] |
curious | curious | ["kjuəriəs] |
modest | modest | ["mɔdist] |
capable | bright | [brait] |
brave | brave | [breiv] |
creative | creative | [kri:"eitiv] |
restrained | reserved | [ri'zə:vd] |
observant | observant | [əb"zə:vənt] |
enterprising | enterprising | ["entəpraiziŋ] |
cunning | cunning | ["kʌniŋ] |
stubborn | obstinate | ["ɔbstinit] |
purposeful | purposeful | ["pə:pəsful] |
boastful | boastful | ["bəustful] |
incorruptible | incorruptible | [ ‚ɪnkə"rʌptəbəl ] |
hot-tempered | hot-tempered | [‚hɒt"tempərd] |
resourceful | quick witted | [kwik witɪd] |
Mental abilities |
||
broad-minded | broad-minded | ["brɔ:d‚maɪndɪd] |
smart | bright | |
smart | clever | ["klevər] |
wise | wise | [ˈwaɪz] |
silly | foolish | ["fu:lɪʃ] |
witty | witty | ["wɪtɪ] |
unsophisticated | blunt | [blʌnt] |
well-read | well-read | |
uneducated | uneducated | [ˈʌnˈedjukeɪtɪd] |
ignoramus | ignoramus | [ˌɪɡnəˈreɪməs] |
polymath | erudite | [ˈerədīt] |
illiterate | illiterate | [ɪ"lɪtərɪt] |
mediocre | mediocre | [‚mi:di:"əʋkər] |
ordinary | ordinary | [ˈɔ:dnrɪ] |
Strong-willed qualities |
||
brave | bold | |
brave | brave | |
cowardly | coward | ["kaʋərd] |
decisive | resolve | ["rezə‚lu:t] |
indecisive | irresolute | [ɪ"rezə‚lu:t] |
courageous | courageous | [kəʹreıdʒəs] |
persistent | stubborn | ["stʌbərn] |
shy | timid | ["tɪmɪd] |
flexible | flexible | ["fleksəbəl] |
timid | fearful | [ˈfɪəful] |
stubborn | obstinate | ["ɒbstənɪt] |
unshakable | steady | ["stedɪ] |
Attitude towards other people |
||
communicative | sociable | ["səuʃəbl] |
selfish | selfish | ["selfiʃ] |
friendly | friendly | ["friends] |
decent | decent | ["di:s(ə)nt] |
impudent | impudent | ["ɪmpjədənt] |
honest | honest | ["ɔnist] |
tolerant | tolerant | ["tɔlərənt] |
respectful | respectful | [ris'pektful] |
loyal | faithful | ["feiθful] |
hospitable | hospitable | ["hɔspitəbl] |
aloof | detached | [dɪtætʃt] |
unreliable | disloyal | [dɪslɔɪəl] |
sincere | frank | |
fair | just | |
false | false | |
indifferent | indifferent | [ɪn"dɪfərənt] |
truthful | truthful | ["tru:Ɵfəl] |
insidious | treacherous | ["tretʃərəs] |
rude | harsh | |
sensitive, gentle | tender | ["tendər] |
strict | strict | |
good-natured | good-natured | [ˈɡudˈ "neɪtʃərəd] |
demanding | exacting | [ɪg"zæktɪŋ] |
noble | noble | ["nəʋbəl] |
altruistic | altruistic | [ˏæltruˊɪstɪk] |
selfless | selfless | [self les] |
highly moral | moral | ["mɔ:rəl] |
sneaky | scoundrel | [ˈskaundrəl] |
tactful | tactful | [tæktfʊl] |
Attitude to property |
||
greedy | greedy | ["gri:di] |
generous | generous | [ˈdʒenərəs] |
stingy | stingy | ["stɪŋɪ] |
economical | frugal | ["fru:gəl] |
thrifty | thrifty | [ˈθrɪftɪ] |
wasteful | wasteful | ["weɪstfəl] |
Attitude to work |
||
responsible | answered | [ris'pɔnsəbl] |
hardworking | hard-working | [hɑ:rd"wɜ:rkɪŋ] |
cooperating | cooperative | [kəʋ"ɒpərətɪv] |
executive | can-do | [kæn-du:] |
irresponsible |
Our speech would be extremely sparse if we did not use bright colors and means of expression in it. And perhaps the most popular way is to use adjectives. Adjectives in English They allow you to express the characteristics of inanimate nouns and the qualities of animate ones, describe a person’s appearance and the properties of his character, embellish any actions and events, compare two objects or persons, and much more. Today we will find out what properties these parts of speech have, consider their grammatical norms, get acquainted with the types, and learn a list of definitions often used in speech.
Let's start with what even a child knows: this part of speech indicates either the belonging of an object or its properties, that is, it is the answer to the question of which, which, whose. Unlike their Russian counterparts, adjectives in English behave much more modestly and almost never change, i.e. do not receive additional endings when changing number, case, gender; do not have short forms.
They can play one of two syntactic roles in a sentence. Words acting as evaluative definitions stand immediately before the object they define, and expressions included in the compound predicate complete the phrase.
In terms of its composition, this part of speech is divided into simple (monosyllabic) and long words (polysyllabic) containing two or more syllables. The latter are called derivatives, according to the method of their formation: the addition of suffixes or prefixes. Negative forms of positive definitions are often obtained in this way. Separately, it is worth highlighting complex adjectives in English, formed by merging two simple basics. As a rule, such compound definitions are written with a hyphen.
The method of forming comparative and superlative degrees depends on this classification. This is the only transformation possible for an adjective, in which the ending of the word changes. U simple definitions in English the endings –er, -est are added. In more complex forms you need to use the words more and most.
There are also so-called irregular words that raise powers not according to general rules. They are listed separately.
These basic points will be sufficient when using adjectives in simple phrases and expressions. Next we will study the most popular english words this category and examples of their translation.
It is impossible to learn all possible ways of expressing characteristics and qualities in one sitting. Therefore, we suggest starting with the basics and considering small list English adjectives that are used in almost every conversation. These expressions will also be useful when conducting a lesson on foreign language for children, since they are the basis of knowledge and do not pose any difficulty in learning. The table contains hundreds of descriptive definitions, distributed into general categories and recorded with transcription * and translation into Russian.
Top 100 simple adjectives | ||||
Category | Example words | |||
Popular antonyms |
good [ɡʊd] | good | bad | bad |
new | new | old [əʊld] | old | |
open [ əʊpən] | open | closed | closed | |
simple | simple | difficult | difficult | |
clean [
kliːn] |
clean | dirty | filthy | |
beautiful | beautiful (only about women or objects) | ugly [ʌɡli] | ugly | |
big | big | little | small | |
slim | slim | thick [θɪk] | thick | |
dry | dry | wet | wet | |
light | light | dark | dark | |
kind | Kind | angry [æŋɡri] | wicked | |
rich | rich | poor | poor | |
cheap | cheap | expensive [ɪkˈspensɪv] | Expensive | |
strong
|
strong | weak | weak | |
hot | hot | cold | cold | |
easy | easy | hard | heavy | |
tall | high | short [ʃɔːt] | short | |
low | quiet | loud | loud | |
fast | fast | slow | slow | |
happy | glad | sad | sad | |
Expression of admiration |
wonderful
|
wonderful | great [ɡreɪt] |
fabulous |
amazing [əˈmeɪzɪŋ] |
amazing | nice | nice | |
cute | attractive | fine | beautiful | |
tasty | delicious | excellent | great | |
perfect
|
perfect | handsome
|
Beautiful (about men only) |
|
Description of states | hungry | hungry | thirsty [θɜːsti] | thirsty |
afraid [ə’freɪd] | frightened | excited [ɪkˈsaɪtɪd] | excited | |
active [æktɪv] | active | tired | tired | |
bored | bored | cheerful | funny | |
lonely
|
lonely | surprised | surprised | |
Expressing properties and characteristics |
successful
|
successful | important [ɪmˈpɔːtnt] |
important |
correct | correct | popular
|
popular | |
large | large | usual | ordinary | |
funny | funny | healthy | healthy | |
interesting [ɪntrəstɪŋ] |
interesting | long | long | |
clever | smart | busy | busy | |
friendly
|
friendly | famous | famous | |
serious | serious | boring | boring | |
lucky | lucky | brave | brave | |
unknown [ʌnˈnəʊn] |
unknown | answered
|
responsible | |
impossible [ɪmˈpɒsəbl] | impossible | real | real | |
bright | bright | careful | caring | |
warm | warm | cold | chill | |
young | young | free [ friː] | free | |
fresh | fresh | wide | wide | |
honest [ɒnɪst] | honest | basic | base | |
sure [ʃʊər] | confident | quality | qualitative | |
fantastic
|
fantastic | favorite
|
Darling | |
useless
|
useless | harmful | harmful | |
necessary
|
necessary | accurate [ækjərət] | careful |
* If you are not sure of the correct reading of the transcription, you can use the built-in voiceover button to work on pronunciation.
Of course, these are not all common adjectives in the English language. , but this is already a pretty solid basis for a basic vocabulary. Don't try to memorize long lists words: this way you will only confuse yourself or learn rarely encountered forms of expressions.
If the information provided is not new to you, or you have already mastered this part of the material well, we invite you to study the adjectives that stand out in the English language for their particular specific use.
To simplify perception and the possibility of studying the topic with a child, in the first section we omitted many important points that beginners do not need to know yet. But, for the owners Intermediate level, this information will be extremely important and useful. Now we will get acquainted with a new type of definitions, find out what a graduated adjective is and how it behaves, and also consider the nuances of the transition of words from one part of speech to another.
When we studied the popular adjectives and antonyms in English used to describe people and things, they were mostly of the qualitative adjective variety. There are also relative ones, but we will talk about them a little later. Now we are interested in a more interesting form - possessive adjectives in English.
There are a lot of similar words in Russian speech: fox, wolf, Lysin, mother, shepherd etc. But the British can use only seven such definitions: my,your, his, her, its, our, their. They are often confused with pronouns, violating the norms of lexical combination. Let's try to figure out why these words belong specifically to this section of grammar.
As already noted, the job of adjectives is to determine the properties, characteristics and belonging of the specified objects. Possessiveness is the main category that expresses the connection between an object and a subject. The relation to the class of adjectives is also indicated by the syntactic function of such expressions - definition, i.e. they always appear in a sentence immediately before a noun (or adj+noun group). But the role played by possessive pronouns in English is completely different. They are intended to replace the expressed noun. As a rule, such pronouns are always used at the end of a phrase or at the very beginning. Let's look at examples.
Pronouns, with the exception of his, have a different form from adjectives, so they are easy to distinguish in the text. And for independent use, you need to remember the above differences and work them out in practice.
When we looked at the types of adjectives in English, we noted that they depend on the formation of comparative degrees. But was not mentioned important point: not all representatives of this class speech is able to form degrees. This justifies the division of types into qualitative and relative adjectives.
Qualities are expressed in varying degrees, but relativity has only a dictionary form. This category includes signs of origin, material, designation of time, field of activity and geographical location. Such meanings in themselves have strong positions and do not need exaggeration.
The English language allows you to strengthen the characteristic in one more way - by adding an adverb. And here we are again faced with a special factor: not all adverbs can coexist with definitions. So, for example, the popular very, rather, hugely, a bit can only be combined with gradable adjectives, i.e. weak definitions ( most often qualitative adjectives). Often these combinations are synonymous with more expressive words. In this case, amplification is used with both negative and positive characteristics.
Such an adjective, denoting an extreme degree of properties, in turn can only be used with weak adverbs. Thus, combinations of adverbs with definitions always occur according to the principle of merging opposites.
This rule must be remembered in order to avoid making gross speech errors.
English adjectives are characterized by such a phenomenon as substantivization. Through this process, definitions are given functions and meanings specific to the noun. The most vivid examples such transformations are the names of languages and nationalities.
As the examples show, substantivized adjectives play the role of subject or object in a sentence, and denote persons and objects. Moreover, they can be presented in both singular and plural.
A more detailed list of such words can be found in a separate section.
Let's look at more complex English adjectives with Russian translation.
Intermediate adjectives | |||
alone [əˈləʊn] | lonely | different | various |
civilian | civil | pleasant | nice |
deaf | deaf | quiet | calm; quiet |
even | smooth | convenient | comfortable |
dangerous | dangerous | fearful | scary |
narrow | narrow | dreamy | dreamy |
guilty [ɡɪlti] | guilty | hurt | offended |
various | different | fancy | bizarre |
strange | strange | wholesale | whole |
rare | rare | natural | natural |
far | far | wrong | wrong |
medical | medical | worried | concerned |
political | political | foreign | foreign |
strict | strict | historical | historical |
financial | financial | unhappy [ʌnˈhæpi] | unhappy |
Sometimes in a conversation there is a need to describe someone we know or, on the contrary, a person completely unfamiliar to us. Moreover, we can talk not only about appearance, but also about personal qualities, with which the speaker is dissatisfied or delighted. In Russian, we can use participles, adjectives and stable speech patterns for these purposes. In foreign speech, all these means are also present, but most often, adjectives in English that characterize a person help us reveal the image of the character under discussion in all its details. Today we will look at a large volume of new words that allow us to colorfully and fully describe the qualities and appearance of any individual.
A person's appearance consists of various factors. She is treated as relatively constant signs: eye and hair color, voice timbre, height, age, physique, facial features, etc.; and frequently changing properties: style of clothing and shoes, possible jewelry, accessories. The variety of adjectives allows you to convey both the general impression of people’s appearance and clearly differentiate each feature. The table below provides a list of various definitions that describe appearance person in a neutral, positive and negative way.
Description of appearance | ||
Positive traits | Neutral facts | Negative coloring |
Beauty and attractiveness: attractive - attractive; cute - adorable; beautiful/handsome – beautiful/handsome; fit – excellent, ideal body shape; |
Hair:
bald – bald; curly - curly; blonde - blond; redhead - red; shoulder-length – long to the shoulders; wavy - curly. |
scruffy - sloppy; fat – too thick, greasy; flabby – saggy, flabby; awkward - clumsy; repulsive - repulsive, disgusting; ugly - ugly; |
Age and height:
young – young; old – old; tall – tall; short – short; |
||
Effectiveness:
presentable – respectable, representative; well-built - well built; gorgeous – magnificent, amazing; well-dressed - well dressed; |
Physique:
chubby – chubby; plump – well-fed, plump; muscular – muscular slender – slender; thin - thin; stocky – stocky; |
|
State:
pale – pale; suntanned - tanned; |
Of course, it is impossible to convey in one table all the English adjectives that characterize a person’s appearance or describe various nouns. But we tried to provide the most diverse and frequently used examples in speech for initial study. Next, we will consider what lexical means can be used to characterize the behavior, principles and views of an individual.
All people tend to have a natural sensitivity and reaction to actions, which gradually turns into an individual manner of behavior, simultaneously developing special look on life and its values. The complex of these actions shapes a person’s character and precedes the formation of a full-fledged personality. According to the scale of the phenomenon, in various languages there is such huge amount words and expressions about the qualities of people that it is simply not comparable with similar vocabulary used to refer to appearance.
For this category, we have also compiled a table in which adjectives in English characterizing human qualities are presented with translation. As mentioned earlier, there are about several thousand such lexical units, and, naturally, you cannot rewrite all of them, much less memorize them. We have selected almost a hundred English definitions that characterize an individual with a positive or negative side. For convenience, the words are summarized into small thematic groups. Let's look at them.
Expression of Personality Qualities | |||
Criteria | Strongly positive aspects | Neutral qualities depending on the context of the phrase | Sharply negative aspects |
Behavior in society | sociable - sociable; punctual - punctual; civil – well-mannered; friendly - friendly; noble - noble; tactful - tactful; communicative - sociable; consider – delicate; |
aloof – aloof, aloof; self-confident - self-confident; tolerant - tolerant; dominant – dominant; indifferent – indifferent; independent - independent; practical – practical; |
sneaky - sneaky; vindictive - vindictive; uncontrollable - uncontrollable; arrogant – arrogant; bad-mannered - poorly mannered; boastful - boastful; selfish - selfish; maladroit – tactless; |
Emotional states | energetic – energetic; determined - decisive; happy – happy; hot-blooded – ardent; impressionable – impressionable; cheerful - cheerful; excited – lively; |
excitable – excited; impulsive – impulsive; compassionate - sympathizer; alert – alert; thoughtful - thoughtful; |
violent – hot-tempered; fussy – nervous; unstable – unbalanced; inert – inert, sluggish; low – depressed; pompous - pompous; angry - angry; |
The ability to think, learn, create | able - capable, talented; creative – creative; bright – smart; understanding – understanding; clever - smart; adroit - dexterous, skillful; |
quick witted - resourceful; imaginative - gifted with a rich imagination; keen - insightful; ordinary - ordinary; forgetful - forgetful; ambitious - ambitious; |
incapable - incapable; blunt - slow-witted; small-minded – limited; uneducated – uneducated; foolish - stupid; dim-witted – narrow-minded, slow-witted; |
Strength of character | brave - brave; incorruptible - incorruptible; fair-minded - fair; diligent – executive; plucky – decisive; courageous - brave; purposeful – purposeful; |
critical – critical; stubborn - stubborn; committed – convinced, believing in the idea; calm – unperturbed; devout – devout; fearless - fearless; proud – proud; straightforward - frank; |
weak-willed – weak-willed; spineless - spineless, characterless; irresponsible - irresponsible faint-hearted – lacking willpower, faint-hearted; indecisive – hesitant; |
Other congenital or acquired qualities and properties | easy-going – good-natured; careful - caring; wise - wise; courteous – gallant; dedicated – devoted; polite – polite; sensible - prudent; |
gentle - gentle; obstinate – stubborn; candid – sincere; shy – shy; obedient – obedient; observant - observant; playful - frivolous; vain – vain; |
greedy - greedy; lily-livered – cowardly; malicious - malicious; stingy – stingy, miser; cruel - cruel; torpid – apathetic; close – closed; rude - rough; boring - boring; |
We learned adjectives to describe various properties and qualities of people, and are now able to create a description of the character of any person in English. Let's continue to improve our English in the next classes!
Hello! We have already learned verbs in English and studied tables of English pronouns. It's time to relax a little and study adjectives in English. These words are very important for a living and rich English speech, so if you want to become a full member of the English-speaking society, then you just need to know at least the basic adjectives.
English adjectives The adjective is the main part of speech that denotes a sign of a phenomenon, person or object - green room, warm rain, good friend ( good friend). Answers the question (which ones? which one? which one?). As you can see from the question, unlike the Russian language, adjectives in English do not change according to gender, number and cases, do not form short forms, making them much easier to learn.
A number of English adjectives in their form, that is, in their spelling, are no different from adverbs. To distinguish them, it is necessary to remember that adverbs define an adjective, a verb or another adverb - well (good), little (little), late (late), and adjectives - noun - well (good), little (small), late (late).
According to their meaning, adjectives in English are divided into:
Like Russian, English has adjectives:
It is necessary to distinguish between English adjectives that end in “ -ing" And " -ed" You need to know this so as not to confuse them with past verbs, gerunds and participles. In this case, you need to be guided by their role and place in the sentence. In a word on "-ing" usually describe the impression of an object, phenomenon or person, and in words "-ed"- the state of the person himself.
Study Table No. 1. What words did you know? Write down new words for you along with the translation and learn:
shocking | shocking | shocked | shocked |
surprising | amazing | surprised | surprised |
exciting | exciting | excited | excited |
tiring | tedious | tired | tired |
interesting | interesting | interested | interested |
The Adjective refers to a pronoun or, most often, a noun. In a sentence it can perform the following functions:
In the case when a noun is determined by several adjectives at once, then those Adjectives that reflect the state of things are located closer, and then words that express an opinion: It was a nice sunny day - It was a nice sunny day. The fact that it is a sunny day is a fact, a state, but the fact that it is glorious is a subjective opinion.
Study Table No. 2 to find out the rules for the placement of adjectives characterizing a noun:
Epithet, quality: |
good |
|
big |
||
round |
||
old |
||
brown |
||
Origin: |
Spanish |
|
Substance, material: |
wooden |
|
A word that forms a single semantic group with a noun: |
dining |
|
Noun: |
table |
Attributive adjectives are placed after the noun if:
2. Compound nominal predicate (predicative) — His shoes are red (His shoes are red), comes after the linking verb - to be (is, am, are, was...): Moscow is beautiful (Moscow is beautiful (beautiful). A number of other verbs can be used in the same capacity: to get, to turn, to become, to look, to seem - Shi is getting old (She is getting old).
Adjectives such as well ( good health) and ill (sick), as well as words starting with “a” - awake (awake), asleep (sleeping), afraid (scared), alive (alive) and others are used exclusively as a predicate and they do not have degrees of comparison: Hi is ill again (He is sick again).
Adjectives that denote shapes, tastes, sizes, colors and qualities are very important, since they are most often used in everyday everyday communication.
Carefully study table No. 3. Try to remember the most common words, write down the most difficult ones:
Colors |
Sizes |
Shapes |
||||||
white | White | wide | Wide | triangular | Triangular | |||
black | Black | thin | Thin | square | Square | |||
yellow | Yellow | thick | Thick | straight | Direct | |||
red | Red | tall | High | circular | Circular | |||
purple | Purple | small | Small | - | - | |||
orange | Orange | short | Short | - | - | |||
green | Green | narrow | Narrow | - | - | |||
gray | Grey | long | Long | - | - | |||
brown | Brown | deep | Deep | - | - | |||
blue | Blue | big | Big | - | - | |||
Tastes |
Qualities |
Quantities |
||||||
sweet | Sweet | young | Young | wholesale | Whole | |||
spicy | Spicy | old | Old | a few | Some | |||
sour | Sour | bad | Bad | some | Some | |||
salty | Salty | good | Good | part | Part | |||
fresh | Fresh | heavy | Heavy | much | Many | |||
bitter | Bitter | easy | Easy | many | Many | |||
- | - | dry | Dry | little | Small | |||
- | - | wet | Wet | few | Some | |||
- | - | soft | Soft | - | - | |||
- | - | new | New | - | - |