Test work 6th gradeI quarter(option 1)

Which color is not composite colors?

The color is:

8. What color is it?

9. Red, blue, yellow are the colors...

10. Line, stroke, tone - basic means artistic expression:

11. Preliminary drawing for the work, reflecting the search the best composition:

.12. A quick drawing to study nature:

13.

15. What else are they called? spatial views art?

Test work 6th gradeI quarter(option 2)

1. Line, stroke, tone - the main means of artistic expression:

a) painting; b) sculptures; c) graphs

2. Preliminary drawing for the work, reflecting the search for the best composition:

a) sketch; b) sketch; c) sketch

.3. A quick drawing to study nature:

a) sketch; b) sketch; c) sketch

4. Works of which art form have a three-dimensional volume:

a) architecture, b) graphics, c) sculpture, d) painting

a) architecture, b) graphics, c) sculpture, d) painting

5..Which of the following refers to temporary forms of art?

a) painting b) literature c) sculpture d) design

6. What is another name for spatial art??

a) constructive b) decorative c) figurative d) plastic

7. To which art materials include pencils, crayons, ink, charcoal, sanguine, pastel?

a) architectural b) graphic c) sculptural d) picturesque

What types of plastic arts are considered fine?

Graphic arts; b) architecture; c) design; d) painting; d) sculpture

Write down the sequence of colors in the spectrum.

Which color is not a primary color?

a) red; b) yellow; c) green; d) blue

Which color is not composite colors?

Orange; b) green; c) purple; d) yellow

To get lightness you need to add:

a) yellow color; b) white color; c) gray color

The color is:

a) light waves of a certain length; b) polar opposition

c) the relationship of all color elements

Does not apply to achromatic colors:

black; b) white; c) brown

15. What color is there?

a) local, b) well-fed, c) foggy, d) saturated, e) light,

16. Red, blue, yellow are the colors...

a) Cold; b) warm; V) additional colors; d) primary colors.

Story

The emergence of the concept of primary colors is associated with the need to reproduce colors for which there was no exact color equivalent in the artist’s palette. The development of color reproduction technology required minimizing the number of such colors, and therefore conceptually complementary methods for obtaining mixed colors: mixing colored rays (from light sources having a certain spectral composition), and mixing paints (reflecting light, and having their own characteristic reflection spectra).

Various options for choosing “primary colors”

Mixing colors depends on the color model. There are additive and subtractive mixing models.

Additive model

In the additive mixing model, colors are produced by mixing rays. In the absence of rays, there is no color - black and white. An example of an additive color model is RGB.

Subtractive color synthesis

A method using reflection of light and appropriate dyes. In the subtractive mixing model, colors are produced by mixing paints. In the absence of paint, there is no color - white, maximum mixing gives black. An example of a subtractive color model is CMYK.

According to Johannes Itten, there are only 3 primary colors: red, yellow and blue. The rest of the colors on the color wheel are formed by mixing these three in different proportions.

Biophysical prerequisites

Primary colors are not a property of light; their choice is determined by the properties of the human eye and the technical properties of color reproduction systems.

Four "pure" colors

Psychophysiological studies have led to the assumption of the existence of certain “pure” and unique colors: - red, yellow, green and blue, with red and green forming one color-contrast axis, and yellow and blue another.

Technical options for implementing the model of using “primary colors”

Notes

Links

• Handprint: do “primary” colors exist? - a comprehensive site on color primaries, color perception, color psychology, color theory and color mixing.
• Online color mixing - Web service for color modeling when mixing original colors in any proportions.

Wikimedia Foundation.

2010.

See what “Primary colors” are in other dictionaries: Three colors, optical addition (mixing) to rykh in definition. how many times can you get a color that is completely indistinguishable to the eye from any of this color . The limiting condition for O. c. yavl. their linear independence, i.e. none of them can be... ...

Physical encyclopedia- Primary colors on which color models are based. In the additive RGB model these are red, green and blue, and in the subtractive CMY model these are cyan, magenta and yellow. primary colors Primary colors in... ...

Technical Translator's Guide Primary colors - cyan, magenta and yellow colors , with which you can synthesize all the colors of a multi-color original. See three-color reproduction...

Publishing dictionary-reference book

Modern encyclopedia Three colors, mixing which different proportions you can get any color. The number of possible primary color systems is infinite. Often the primary colors are red, green and blue...

Technical Translator's Guide Big Encyclopedic Dictionary - PRIMARY COLORS, three independent colors, by mixing them in different proportions you can get any color. The number of possible systems of primary colors is very large, but usually in colorimetry they use a system of primary colors consisting of red, ... ...

Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Knowledge of the law of drawing up color combinations and the color wheel allows you to work without errors with different color palettes and create various color combinations.

Introducing ten types of color combinations:

Achromatic colors

Technical Translator's Guide

Achromatic colors (without admixture of shades), i.e. pure ones do not exist in nature. Black (or grey) will always have an undertone. As brightness decreases, all colors tend to black. And, conversely, with increasing brightness they tend to white. Main on color wheel

are: yellow, red and blue. These colors form the foundation of the color wheel. In the hands of experienced artist

paints of only these colors, as well as white and black, will create all the others.

Composite colors The colors of the second rank include: green, purple, orange. They are obtained by pairwise mixing of the main ones: yellow, red and blue. Mixing yellow and blue colors

, get green. Red and yellow form orange. Red and blue form purple. So, we get the following composite colors: purple, green, orange.

Complex colors Complex ones are obtained by combining three component colors with nearby primary colors. For example, let's take. It was obtained by mixing yellow and red colors. So, to obtain complex colors, for example, orange, we mix it with its parents - yellow and red. The result will be yellow and red-orange colors. Thus, the rest are mixed as well. After this we get six new complex colors: red-orange, yellow-green, blue-violet; blue-green, yellow-orange, red-violet. It is noteworthy that on the color wheel they will be at the same distance from each other, while occupying an intermediate place between the components.

We will get the entire existing gamut of colors by darkening or lightening these colors to one degree or another.

Contrasting colors

A pair of colors is considered contrasting when there are three intermediate colors between them on the circle. There are six such pairs on the color wheel. To achieve bright, eye-catching combinations, we use contrasting colors to add a subtle accent. For example, let's take the blue color on yellow paper. A different impression arises when using whitened contrasting combinations (adding achromatic colors), using gray-blue and creamy yellow. The more contrasting colors are washed out, the less restrictions there will be in applying them to one space. Achromatic colors can save a different selection of colors, even contrasting ones if necessary.

Additional colors

Colors that are directly opposite are considered complementary on the color wheel.

In fact, complementary colors practically “destroy” each other.

Obtained as a result of mixing, a person perceives this eye color as one of the gray shades.

Monochromatic colors

Monochromatic colors are usually called a combination of brightness and saturation in the same color. Such combinations are also called nuanced. The work uses shades of the same color.

Related colors

Three consecutive colors or their shades on a circle are called related. Select any color on the color wheel and add both adjacent ones on the side segments to it. This color selection is also called harmonious. There are 12 such combinations of triplets.

Neutral colors

For getting neutral color it is necessary to take a pair of adjacent colors on the color wheel within two lines and smooth out one of them by adding a related shade or “dilute” using achromatic (white or black).

Related-contrasting colors

These colors are located on the circle directly from the left and from right sides from its complementary color.

We all know from school articles the technique of memorizing the colors of the rainbow. Something similar to nursery rhyme sits deep in our memory: “ TO every O hunter and wants h nah, G de With goes f adhan." The first letter of each word means a color, and the order of the words is the sequence of these colors in the rainbow: To red, O range, and yellow, h green, G blue, With blue, f purple
Rainbows occur because sunlight is refracted and reflected by water droplets floating in the atmosphere. These droplets deflect and reflect light differently different colors(wavelengths): red is less, violet is more. As a result, white sunlight is decomposed into a spectrum, the colors of which smoothly transition into each other through many intermediate shades. Rainbow is the most clear example what visible white light is made of

However, from the point of view of the physics of light, no colors exist in nature, but there are certain wavelengths that an object reflects. This combination (superposition) of reflected waves hits the retina of the human eye and is perceived by it as the color of an object. For example, green color birch leaf means that its surface absorbs all wavelengths of the solar spectrum, except for the wavelength of the green part of the spectrum and the wavelengths of those colors that determine its hue. Or Brown color school board Our eye perceives blue, red and yellow wavelengths of varying intensities as reflected wavelengths.

White color, which is a mixture of all colors sunlight, means that the surface of an object reflects almost all wavelengths, and black reflects almost nothing. Therefore, we cannot talk about “pure” white or “pure” black colors, since complete absorption of radiation or its complete reflection in nature is practically impossible.

But artists cannot paint with wavelengths. They use real paints, and even a fairly limited set (they won’t carry more than 10,000 tones and shades with them on an easel). Just like in a printing house, an endless amount of paints cannot be stored. The science of color mixing is one of the fundamental ones for those who work with images, including airbrushing. Compiled great amount tables and guides for obtaining the desired colors and their shades. For example, these*:

or

Human eye- the most universal “device” for mixing. Studies have shown that it is most sensitive to only three primary colors: blue, red-orange and green. Information received from excited cells of the eye is transmitted along nerve pathways to the cerebral cortex, where complex processing and correction of the received data occurs. As a result, a person perceives what he sees as a single color picture. It has been established that the eye perceives a huge number of intermediate shades of color and colors obtained from mixing light of different wavelengths. In total there are up to 15,000 color tones and shades.
If the retina loses the ability to distinguish any color, then the person also loses it. For example, there are people who are unable to distinguish green from red.

Based on this feature of human color perception, the RGB color model was created ( Red red, Green green, Blue blue) for printing full-color images, including photographs.

The color gray and its shades stand a little apart here. Gray color is obtained by combining three primary colors - red, green and blue - in equal concentrations. Depending on the brightness of these colors, the shade of gray varies from black (0% brightness) to white (100% brightness).

Thus, all colors found in nature can be created by mixing the three primary colors and changing their intensity.

*Tables are taken from the public domain on the Internet.

The purpose of the lesson: introduce students to primary and secondary colors.

Lesson plan:

1. Basic three colors.

2. Additional colors.

The student must:

know: primary and secondary colors.

Answers to lesson plan questions:

1 . The practice of artists clearly showed that many colors and shades can be obtained by mixing a small amount of paints. The desire of natural philosophers to find the “primary principles” of everything in the world, analyzing natural phenomena, to decompose everything “into elements”, led to the identification "primary colors", which were not immediately chosen as red, green and blue. In England, the primary colors were long considered red, yellow and blue, but only in 1860 Maxwell introduced the additive system RGB (red, green, blue). This system currently dominates color reproduction systems for cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors and televisions. The color wheel can be divided into three broad sectors: red, green and blue. These colors are called primary; mixing them in different proportions produces any other color. Between the primary colors there are three more sectors formed by additional colors: purple (blue-red), yellow and cyan (green-blue). On the color wheel, the primary and secondary colors are opposite each other. For example, purple is opposite green and is its complementary color. Each complementary color is a mixture of two primary colors, and when two complementary colors are combined, they form a common primary color. For example, cyan (blue and green) and magenta (blue and red) produce blue. This relationship between primary and secondary colors is called “subtractive” and forms the basis for processing and printing color photographic materials.

2. Concept "complementary color" was introduced by analogy with the “primary color”. It was found that the optical mixing of certain pairs of colors can give the sensation white. So, to the triad of primary colors Red-Green-Blue, additional colors are Cyan-Magenta-Yellow. On the color wheel, these colors are placed in opposition, so that the colors of both triads alternate. In printing practice, different sets are used as primary colors. We call two colors complementary if their pigments, when mixed, produce a neutral gray-black color. In physics, two chromatic lights that when mixed produce white light are also considered complementary. The two complementary colors make an odd pairing. They are opposite to each other, but they need each other. Placed side by side, they excite each other to maximum brightness and destroy each other when mixed, forming a gray-black tone, like fire and water. Each color has only one single color, which is complementary to it. In the color wheel, complementary colors are located diametrically to one another. They form the following pairs of complementary colors:

yellow – violet; yellow-orange - blue-violet; orange – blue; red-orange - blue-green; Red Green; red-violet - yellow-green.

If we analyze these pairs of complementary colors, we will find that they always contain all three primary colors: yellow, red and blue:

yellow - purple = yellow, red + blue;

blue - orange = blue, yellow + red;

red - green = red, yellow + blue.

Just as a mixture of yellow, red and blue produces gray, so a mixture of two complementary colors also turns into a variant gray. You can also recall the experiment from the section “Physics of Color”, when when one of the colors of the spectrum was excluded, all other colors, being mixed, gave its additional color. For each color of the spectrum, the sum of all the others forms its complementary color. It has been physiologically proven that both the afterimage phenomenon and simultaneous contrast illustrate an amazing and still inexplicable fact the appearance in our eyes when perceiving one or another color at the same time as another, balancing it, an additional color, which, in the event of its real absence, is spontaneously generated in our consciousness. This phenomenon is very important for everyone practically working with color. In the “color harmony” section, it was established that the law of complementary colors is the basis of the harmony of the composition, because when it is observed, a feeling of complete balance is created in the eyes.

Review questions:

1. What are the main colors?

2. Give the concept of “complementary” colors?

3. How are complementary colors formed?

Literature:

1. Yashchukhin A.P. Painting. M.: Enlightenment. 1979.

2. Winner A.V. How masters of painting work, M., 1965.

3. Grenberg Yu. I. Technology easel painting, M., 1982.