In the work “War and Peace,” a historical novel, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy traces how, under what life circumstances, that conscience and that high understanding of honor awakened in a person from a noble, aristocratic environment during the era of wars of one thousand eight hundred five - one thousand eight hundred twelve and duty, which led him to deny his environment, and then to a break with it. Tolstoy was interested in the “Decembrist element” in its moral and psychological content, and hence the disclosure of the appearance of the Decembrists in this regard

It became one of the tasks of “War and Peace”. Tolstoy artistically solves it by talking about the life path - the “road of honor” - of one of his favorite heroes - Andrei Bolkonsky.
The spiritual development of Prince Andrey begins in the novel with deep dissatisfaction with the way of life that he has to lead. We meet the hero in the salon of Anna Pavlovna Scherer. Tolstoy describes him this way: “Prince Bolkonsky was short in stature. A very handsome young man with definite and dry features.”

The prince's face shows fatigue and boredom. “This life that I lead here, this life is not for me,” he says to Pierre.
Striving for useful activity, Prince Andrei goes to the army. In the war of one thousand eight hundred and five, his activity was connected with ambitious dreams of glory, of “his Toulon.” His idol at this time was Napoleon, an active and strong personality.

A passion for Napoleon was characteristic of many representatives of the advanced noble youth of the early nineteenth century. But Prince Andrei strives not only for personal glory. He wants happiness for people, his dreams are imbued with civic pathos. The author singles out his hero from the crowd of staff seekers of an easy career and awards, such as Drubetskoy.

Andrei Bolkonsky is a patriot, not a lackey, indifferent to the master’s cause.
The romantic idea of ​​Napoleon and his honor, dreams of his fantastic fate finally dissipated on the Field of Austerlitz. There he accomplishes the feat that he so dreamed of: with a banner in his hands, he carries away the soldiers who are already ready to flee. Having been wounded, lying on the battlefield, Prince Andrei looks into the sky and reflects on the insignificance of man compared to eternity. Disappointed in his previous aspirations and ideals, having experienced grief and repentance, Prince Andrei comes to the conclusion that life for himself and his loved ones is the only thing left for him.

But Bolkonsky’s active and ebullient nature cannot be content with just his family circle. In terms of willpower and character, in his desire for practical activity, in his sober outlook on life and people, in his dominance of reason over feeling, in the richness and diversity of his abilities, Prince Andrei is close to the Decembrists like Pestel.
It is difficult for Andrei Bolkonsky to return to a real life worthy of his life. A milestone on this path of revival is the meeting with Pierre Bezukhov, returning from the Kyiv estates. Friends argue about the meaning of life, about the situation of the people, about the relationship between nobles and peasants.

The idea expressed by Prince Andrei in a conversation with Pierre that serfdom corrupts the very owners of “baptized property” was anti-serfdom; it was, in particular, one of the arguments of the Decembrists in their struggle against serfdom.
After Pierre's departure, Andrei Bolkonsky carries out a number of measures on his estate to alleviate the situation of the peasants and improve their life. He was one of the first to apply the law on free cultivators, which was met with hostility in noble circles. But farming can no longer satisfy Prince Andrei, and he goes to St. Petersburg, where his government activities in the commission begin.

Realizing how far this work is from the vital interests of the people, Andrei Bolkonsky is close to a new spiritual crisis. Prince Andrey is saved from him by his love for Natasha Rostova, in whom, it seems to him, he has found true happiness. All the more tragic for him is the break with Natasha: now “it’s like an endless vault in which... there was nothing eternal and mysterious.”
The last and most significant stage of Prince Andrei’s life is associated with the terrible events of one thousand eight hundred and twelve. The invasion of the French arouses in him a desire to fight against the invaders. Bolkonsky shares the feelings experienced by the army and the people.

In the actions of the conquerors, he sees a manifestation of the same evil, selfish force that, in the person of Anatoly Kuragin, invaded his life, distorting it. Bolkonsky asks to be sent to the regiment. There he is his own man, the soldiers call him “our prince”, they love him for his courage. Here, in the regiment, Prince Andrei begins to understand that the main purpose of a person is to serve the interests of his native people.

Thus, in his views, attitude towards the surrounding reality, and the people, Prince Andrei is a man of progressive convictions. People like him subsequently came to Decembrism.
Andrei Bolkonsky is Tolstoy’s favorite hero; In his image, the writer sought to reveal his ideal of a positive person. Tolstoy reconciles Prince Andrei, dying from a wound received on the Borodino field, not only with Natasha, but with the entire world, including the wounded Anatoly Kuragin. Bolkonsky finally comprehends the meaning of life: “Compassion, love for brothers, for those who love, love for those who hate us, love for enemies - yes, that love that God preached on earth... and which I did not understand.”

The writer put into this image his cherished thought that only love rules life, that only love can become the basis of true perfection, and save humanity from torment and contradictions.
So, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy in the novel “War and Peace” raised problems of universal significance. Maxim Gorky wrote that “War and Peace” is “a documentary presentation of all the quests that a strong personality undertook in the nineteenth century in order to find a place and business for himself in the history of Russia...”

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Road of honor of Andrei Bolkonsky

Slide 2

"Road of Honor"

In the work “War and Peace,” a historical novel, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy traces how, under what life circumstances, that conscience and that high understanding of honor and debt, which led him to deny his environment, and then to a break with it.

Slide 3

In Madame Scherer's salon

We first meet Andrei Bolkonsky in the Scherer salon. Much in his behavior and appearance expresses deep disappointment in secular society, boredom from visiting living rooms, fatigue from empty and deceitful conversations. This is evidenced by his tired, bored look, the grimacing that spoiled his handsome face, the manner of squinting when looking at people. He contemptuously calls those gathered in the salon “stupid society.” Tolstoy describes him this way: “Prince Bolkonsky was short. A very handsome young man with definite and dry features.” The prince's face shows fatigue and boredom. “This life that I lead here, this life is not for me,” he tells Pierre.

Slide 4

Secular society

Andrei is unhappy to realize that his wife Lisa cannot do without this idle circle of people. At the same time, he himself is here in the position of a stranger and stands “on the same level with a court lackey and an idiot.” "Drawing rooms, gossip, balls, vanity, insignificance - this is a vicious circle from which I cannot escape."

Slide 5

Military service

Army service becomes one of the important stages in the quest of Tolstoy's hero. Here he is sharply separated from the numerous seekers of a quick career and high awards who could be met at headquarters. Unlike Zherkov and Drubetsky, Prince Andrei organically cannot be a servitor. He does not look for reasons for promotion in ranks or awards and deliberately begins his service in the army from the lower ranks in the ranks of Kutuzov’s adjutants.

Slide 6

Bolkonsky acutely feels his responsibility for the fate of Russia. The Ulm defeat of the Austrians and the appearance of the defeated General Mack gives rise to disturbing thoughts in his soul about what obstacles stand in the way of the Russian army. It should be noted that in army conditions, Prince Andrei changed dramatically. The pretense and fatigue are gone, the grimace of boredom has disappeared from the face, energy is felt in the gait and movements. It is noteworthy that Prince Andrei insists that he be sent to where it is especially difficult - to Bagration’s detachment, of which only one tenth can return after the battle. Another thing is noteworthy. Bolkonsky’s actions are highly appreciated by commander Kutuzov, who singled him out as one of his best officers. According to Tolstoy, Andrei “had the appearance of a man who does not have time to think about the impression he makes on others and is busy doing something pleasant and interesting. His face expressed great satisfaction with himself and those around him.”

Slide 7

Andrey Bolkonsky

Prince Andrei is unusually ambitious. Tolstoy's hero dreams of such a personal feat that would glorify him and oblige people to show him enthusiastic respect. He cherishes the thought of glory, similar to that which Napoleon received in the French city of Toulon, which would lead him out of the ranks of unknown officers. One can forgive Andrei for his ambition, understanding that he is driven by “the thirst for such a feat that is necessary for a military man.”

Slide 8

Battle of Shengraben

The Battle of Shengraben had already, to some extent, allowed Bolkonsky to show his courage. He boldly travels around positions under enemy bullets. He alone dared to go to the Tushin battery and did not leave until the guns were removed. Here, in the Battle of Shengraben, Bolkonsky was lucky enough to witness the heroism and courage shown by the artillerymen of Captain Tushin. In addition, he himself discovered military endurance and courage here, and then one of all the officers stood up to defend the little captain. Shengraben, however, had not yet become Bolkonsky’s Toulon.

Slide 9

Battle of Austerlitz

The Battle of Austerlitz, as Prince Andrei believed, was a chance to find his dream. It will certainly be a battle that will end in a glorious victory, carried out according to his plan and under his leadership. He will indeed accomplish a feat at the Battle of Austerlitz. As soon as the ensign carrying the regiment’s banner fell on the battlefield, Prince Andrei raised this banner and shouted “Guys, go ahead!” led the battalion into the attack. Having been wounded in the head, Prince Andrei falls, and now Kutuzov writes to his father that the son of the old Prince Bolkonsky “fell a hero.” It was not possible to reach Toulon. Moreover, we had to endure the tragedy of Austerlitz, where the Russian army suffered a heavy defeat. At the same time, Bolkonsky’s illusion associated with the glory of the great hero disappeared.

Slide 10

Sky of Austerlitz

The writer turned here to the landscape and painted a huge, bottomless sky, upon contemplation of which Bolkonsky, lying on his back, experiences a decisive spiritual change. Bolkonsky’s internal monologue allows us to penetrate into his experiences: “How quietly, calmly and solemnly, not at all like how I ran... not like we ran, shouted and fought... Not at all like how the clouds crawl along this high, endless sky."

Slide 11

From this moment on, Prince Andrei’s attitude towards Napoleon Bonaparte, whom he revered so much, changed dramatically. Disappointment arises in him, which became especially acute at the moment when the French emperor rode past him, Andrei, with his retinue and theatrically exclaimed: “What a beautiful death!” At that moment, “all the interests that occupied Napoleon seemed so insignificant to Prince Andrei, his hero himself seemed so petty to him, with this petty vanity and the joy of victory,” in comparison with the high, fair and kind sky. And during his subsequent illness, “little Napoleon with his indifferent, limited and happy look from the misfortunes of others” began to appear to him. Now Prince Andrei severely condemns his ambitious aspirations of the Napoleonic type, and this becomes an important stage in the spiritual quest of the hero.

Slide 12

"New Life"

So Prince Andrei comes to Bald Mountains, where he is destined to endure new shocks: the birth of a son, the torment and death of his wife. At the same time, it seemed to him that it was he who was to blame for what had happened, that something had been torn away in his soul. The change in his views that arose at Austerlitz was now combined with a mental crisis. Tolstoy's hero decides never to serve in the army again, and a little later decides to completely abandon public activities. He isolates himself from life, takes care of only his household and his son in Bogucharovo, convincing himself that this is all that is left for him. He now intends to live only for himself, “without disturbing anyone, to live until death.”

Slide 13

Pierre arrives in Bogucharovo, and an important conversation takes place between friends on the ferry. Pierre hears from the lips of Prince Andrei words full of deep disappointment in everything, disbelief in the high purpose of man, in the possibility of receiving joy from life. Bezukhov adheres to a different point of view: “You have to live, you have to love, you have to believe.” This conversation left a deep imprint on the soul of Prince Andrei. Under her influence, his spiritual revival begins again, albeit slowly. For the first time after Austerlitz, he saw the high and eternal sky, and “something that had long fallen asleep, something better that was in him, suddenly woke up joyfully and youthfully in his soul.”

Slide 14

Life in the village

Having settled in the village, Prince Andrei carries out noticeable transformations on his estates. He lists three hundred souls of peasants as “free cultivators”; on a number of estates he replaces corvée with quitrent. He appoints a learned grandmother to Bogucharovo to help mothers in labor, and the priest teaches peasant children to read and write for a salary. As we see, he did much more for the peasants than Pierre, although he tried mainly “for himself,” for his own peace of mind. The spiritual recovery of Andrei Bolkonsky was also manifested in the fact that he began to perceive nature in a new way. On the way to Rostov, he saw an old oak tree, which “alone did not want to submit to the charm of spring”, did not want to see the sun. Prince Andrei feels the rightness of this oak, which was in harmony with his own moods, full of despair. But in Otradnoye he was lucky enough to meet Natasha.

Slide 15

By the old oak

And so he was deeply imbued with the power of life, the spiritual richness, spontaneity and sincerity that emanated from it. The meeting with Natasha truly transformed him, awakened in him an interest in life and gave birth to a thirst for active activity in his soul. When, returning home, he again met the old oak tree, he noticed how it had been transformed - spreading its lush greenery like a tent, swaying in the rays of the evening sun. It turns out that “life does not end at thirty-one years old... It is necessary... so that “My life did not go on for me alone,” he thought, “so that it would be reflected on everyone and so that they all lived together with me.”

Slide 16

Return to public activities

Prince Andrei returns to public activities. He goes to St. Petersburg, where he begins to work in the Speransky commission, drawing up state laws. He admires Speransky himself, “seeing in him a man of enormous intelligence.” It seems to him that “the future on which the fate of millions depends” is being prepared here. However, Bolkonsky soon has to become disillusioned with this statesman with his sentimentality and false artificiality. Then the prince doubted the usefulness of the work that he had to do. A new crisis is coming. It becomes obvious that everything in this commission is based on official routine, hypocrisy and bureaucracy. All this activity is not at all necessary for the Ryazan peasants.

Slide 17

Andrei Bolkonsky and Natasha Rostova

Realizing how far this work is from the vital interests of the people, Andrei Bolkonsky is close to a new spiritual crisis. Prince Andrei is saved from him by his love for Natasha Rostova. And here he is at the ball, where he meets Natasha again. This girl gave him a breath of purity and freshness. He understood the richness of her soul, incompatible with artificiality and falsehood. It is already clear to him that he is passionate about Natasha, and while dancing with her, “the wine of her charm went to his head.”

Slide 18

Next, we watch with fascination how the love story of Andrei and Natasha develops. It seems to Prince Andrei that he has found true happiness in Natasha. All the more tragic for him is the break with Natasha: now “it’s like an endless vault in which... there was nothing eternal and mysterious.” However, even now Prince Andrei is destined to experience disappointment. At first, his family did not like Natasha. The old prince insulted the girl, and then she herself, carried away by Anatoly Kuragin, refused Andrei. Bolkonsky's pride was offended. Natasha's betrayal scattered dreams of family happiness, and “the sky began to press with a heavy arch again.”

Slide 19

War of 1812

The War of 1812 came. Prince Andrey again goes into the army, although he once promised himself not to return there. All petty concerns faded into the background, in particular, the desire to challenge Anatole to a duel. Napoleon was approaching Moscow. The Bald Mountains stood in the way of his army. This was an enemy, and Andrei could not be indifferent to him.

Slide 20

In the actions of the conquerors, he sees a manifestation of the same evil, selfish force that, in the person of Anatoly Kuragin, invaded his life, distorting it. Bolkonsky asks to be sent to the regiment. Here, in the regiment, Prince Andrei begins to understand that the main purpose of a person is to serve the interests of his native people. According to L. Tolstoy, Prince Andrei “was entirely devoted to the affairs of his regiment,” cared about his people, and was simple and kind in his interactions with them. The regiment called him “our prince,” they were proud of him and loved him. This is the most important stage in the development of Andrei Bolkonsky as a person. On the eve of the Battle of Borodino, Prince Andrei is firmly confident of victory. He tells Pierre: "We will win the battle tomorrow. Tomorrow, no matter what, we will win the battle!"

Slide 21

Bolkonsky becomes close to ordinary soldiers. His disgust for the highest circle, where greed, careerism and complete indifference to the fate of the country and people reign, is growing stronger. By the will of the writer, Andrei Bolkonsky becomes an exponent of his own views, considering the people to be the most important force in history and attaching special importance to the spirit of the army.

Slide 22

The image of a positive hero

Andrei Bolkonsky is Tolstoy’s favorite hero; In his image, the writer sought to reveal his ideal of a positive person. Tolstoy reconciles Prince Andrei, dying from a wound received on the Borodino field, not only with Natasha, but with the entire world, including the wounded Anatoly Kuragin.

Slide 23

The Meaning of Life

Once again he is experiencing a deep mental crisis. In Mytishchi, Natasha unexpectedly appears to him and asks him for forgiveness on her knees. Love for her flares up again. This feeling warms the last days of Prince Andrei. He managed to rise above his own resentment, understand Natasha’s suffering, and feel the power of her love. He is visited by spiritual enlightenment, a new understanding of happiness and the meaning of life. Bolkonsky finally comprehends the meaning of life: “Compassion, love for brothers, for those who love, love for those who hate us, love for enemies - yes, that love that God preached on earth... and which I did not understand.”

Slide 24

"Road of Honor"

The main thing that Tolstoy revealed in his hero continued after his death in his son Nikolenka. This is discussed in the epilogue of the novel. The boy is carried away by the Decembrist ideas of Uncle Pierre and, turning mentally to his father, he says: “Yes, I will do what even he would be pleased with.” This is the result of the difficult life path of the remarkable hero of Tolstoy’s novel, Andrei Bolkonsky.

Slide 25

“The moral path of Prince Bolkonsky is a change of opposite cycles of spiritual life: faith is replaced by disappointment, followed by the acquisition of new faith, the return of the lost meaning of life.” V.E.Krasovsky

On the very first pages of the novel, Prince Andrei Bolkonsky appears before us. One of the main characters of the novel and, without a doubt, one of Leo Tolstoy’s favorite heroes. Throughout the novel, Bolkonsky is looking for his purpose in life, trying to choose a business to which he should devote all his strength.
Selfish interests, social intrigues, pretense, pretense and unnatural behavior, false patriotism rule the world of the rich. Andrei is a man of honor, and such petty inclinations and ignoble aspirations are unacceptable for him. That is why he quickly became disillusioned with social life. Marriage did not bring him happiness either. Bolkonsky strives for glory, without which, in his opinion, a true citizen who cares for his Fatherland cannot live. Napoleon was his idol.
In his ambitious aspirations, Prince Andrei also, admittedly, becomes infinitely selfish. He is not sorry to sacrifice everything most precious in life for the sake of moments of glory and triumph over people: “I love nothing but glory, human love. Death, wounds, loss of family, nothing scares me.”
Andrey by nature has such a quality as true Bolkonian pride, inherited from his father, from his ancestors. But he strives for glory not only for himself, he wants to benefit his Fatherland, the Russian people. On the day of the Battle of Austerlitz, Bolkonsky, during a panic in front of M.I. Kutuzov, with a banner in his hands, led an entire battalion into the attack. Andrey is wounded. All his ambitious plans collapse. And only now, when he was lying on the field so helpless and abandoned by everyone, he turned his attention to the sky, and it caused a sincere and deep shock in him: “How come I haven’t seen this high sky before? And how happy I am that I finally recognized him. Yes! It’s all empty, it’s all deception, except this endless sky.”
My whole life flashed before my eyes in an instant. Bolkonsky looked at his past differently. Now Napoleon, with his petty vanity, seems to him like an insignificant ordinary person. Prince Andrei is disappointed in his hero. A revolution takes place in Bolkonsky’s soul, he condemns his recent false aspirations for fame, understands that it is by no means the main incentive for human activity, that there are more lofty ideals.
After the Austerlitz campaign, Prince Bolkonsky decided never to serve in military service again. He returns home with a completely changed, somewhat softened and at the same time alarming expression on his face. But fate takes revenge on him for his excessive pride. His wife dies from childbirth, leaving him with a son, Nikolushka. Now Bolkonsky decides to devote himself entirely to his family and live only for her. But at the same time, the thought that a person should not live for himself does not give peace.
Andrei Bolkonsky's meeting with Pierre Bezukhov brings him out of his difficult mental state. Pierre convinces Bolkonsky that one must live for all people. In the spring, Bolkonsky travels on business on his son’s estate. Driving through the forest, where everything was already turning green, only one old oak tree, a kind of angry and contemptuous monster, stood between smiling birches, Prince Andrei thought: “Life is over...” But on the way back, seeing that even this tree had turned green, Andrei decided that nothing is over yet at thirty-one.
Now Andrei strives to take part in those things that are done for the good of the Fatherland, condemns his selfishness, measured life, limited by the boundaries of the family nest. Bolkonsky comes to St. Petersburg, falls into Speransky’s circle and takes part in the development of a project to abolish serfdom in Russia. Speransky made an indelible impression on Andrei with his intelligence; he turned out to be a man who knew how to find the right approach to any problem, any state issue. But as soon as Volkonsky meets Natasha Rostova at the ball, he seems to see the light. She reminded him of the real values ​​of life. Andrei not only becomes disappointed in Speransky, but also begins to despise him. The recent interest in government affairs is fading. “Can all this make me happier and better?”
Natasha seems to be reviving Bolkonsky for a new life. He falls madly in love with her, but something tells him that their happiness is impossible. Natasha also loves Bolkonsky, although he seems dry, disappointed, and lonely to her, while she herself is an energetic, young, cheerful girl. They are like two poles, and it is perhaps impossible to connect them. Natasha does not understand why the prince postponed their wedding for a whole year. With this delay he provoked her betrayal. And again, purely Bolkon pride does not allow Andrei to forgive Natasha, to understand her. In a conversation with Pierre, Bolkonsky said: “I said that a fallen woman must be forgiven, but I did not say that I can forgive, I cannot.” At this moment, the same Bolkonsky appears before us as we recognized him at the beginning of the novel, the same cruel egoist. Bolkonsky forces himself to forget about Natasha.
However, the War of 1812 changed a lot in this man. She awakened patriotic feelings in him, he is trying to help the Fatherland, fighting to save his Fatherland. But fate turns out in such a way that Andrei is wounded, and he says: “I can’t, I don’t want to die, I love life, I love this grass, earth, air.”
But when Andrei felt that death was very close, that he did not have long to live, he stopped fighting, lost all hope, did not want to see anyone.
Andrei Bolkonsky died not only from his wound. His death is to a certain extent connected with his character traits, his worldview, and his attitude towards people’s society. At the end of his life, he became, in fact, an almost ideal person, devoid of shortcomings: he loved everyone, forgave everyone. And all-forgiveness, sacrifice, non-resistance to evil through violence, the preaching of universal love prevent a person from living his usual earthly life, because the more perfect a person is in his moral qualities, the more vulnerable he is. And therefore he is more likely to die.

Latypova Svetlana Hanifovna
Job title: teacher
Educational institution: GBPOU BSHPK
Locality: Karaidel
Name of material: Lesson - a journey through the pages of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
Subject:"Road of Honor" by Andrei Bolkonsky
Publication date: 26.12.2016
Chapter: secondary vocational

GBPOU BSHPK Open lesson - a journey through the pages of L. N. Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" on the topic "Road of Honor" by Andrei Bolkonsky
Compiler of the lesson notes, teacher of Russian language and literature Latypova S. Kh.
2016

Epigraph:
“To live honestly, you have to struggle, get confused, struggle, make mistakes, start and quit, and start again, and quit again, and always struggle and lose. And calmness is spiritual meanness.” L.N. Tolstoy.
Goals:
1. Analyzing the text, find out what is the spiritual depth and originality of Andrei Bolkonsky on the path in the continuous search for truth, and what is the principle of Tolstoy’s portrayal of positive heroes. 2. Continue the development of students’ monologue speech, the ability to think analytically, compare concepts, images, and draw conclusions based on facts. Continue training in discussion skills. 3. Cultivate interest in literature, in the work of the great classic of Russian literature L.N. Tolstoy. To cultivate the ability to work in a team, an active life position in students, and a sense of patriotism.
4. Form the concept of students.
Lesson equipment:
 a presentation is used during the lesson (on the slides is the topic of the lesson, the title of the lesson, the problematic question of the lesson, epigraphs for the lesson);  handouts are used during the lesson: tables systematizing students’ knowledge about the images of the main characters of the novel by L.N. Tolstoy; cards with quotes from the novel.
Basic techniques and methods:
 the lesson is structured using techniques of student-centered learning technology, techniques of technology for the development of critical thinking; problem-based, heuristic, and search methods of teaching are used.
Problematic question:
Can the life of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky be considered “dear to honor”, ​​and how does this thought of Tolstoy in the novel “War and Peace” combine with his idea of ​​“how to live in order to live honestly...”
Progress of the lesson.
1. Organizational moment. 2. The teacher’s word with elements of conversation 3. Generalization. The role of classical literature in human life. 4. Consolidation. 5. Summing up. 6. Homework.
Teacher
. Vocabulary work (slide 1-3) ROAD (polysemantic, trans.) - a means of achieving a goal, a life path. HONOR is the internal moral dignity of a person, valor, honesty, nobility of soul and clear conscience (V. I. Dahl’s dictionary). HONOR - HONEST - AMBITIOUS - DIGNITY AMBITIOUS - seeking a high position, thirsting for fame and glory. PRINCE (polygonous) - the hereditary title of the descendants of such persons or persons who received it as a reward under tsarism, as well as the person who has this title. ANDREY (Greek) – brave, courageous. APOSTLE ANDREW - a disciple of Christ, preached the covenants of Christianity in Rus'. The mind gives birth to honor, but dishonor takes away the latter. (Russian proverb)

Teacher
. In the novel, L.N. Tolstoy depicts the history of a huge country, an entire people. He describes the history of the people, depicting the life of his loved ones
heroes. Among the writer’s favorite heroes is Andrei Bolkonsky. This hero is in constant search for the meaning of life, walking his “road of honor.” Andrei is deeply dissatisfied with the lifestyle he has to lead. We meet him in the salon of Anna Pavlovna Scherer.

Teacher.
Read his description.
Student.
“He was small in stature, a very handsome young man with certain dry features. Everything in his figure, from his tired, bored look to his quiet, measured step, represented the sharpest contrast with his little, lively wife.” (slide 4)
Student.
Andrei Bolkonsky has fatigue and boredom on his face.
Teacher.
What does he say to Pierre Bezukhov?
Student
. “This life that I lead here, this life is not for me.”
Teacher
. Bolkonsky loved his wife, but realized that he had to do more than live in a secular society. This is proven by his words addressed to Pierre. (slide 5)
Student
. “Never, never marry, my friend; Here’s my advice, don’t get married until you tell yourself that you did everything you could, and until you stop loving the woman you chose, until you see her clearly...” (slide 6,7,8)
Teacher
. Striving for useful activity, Prince Andrei goes to the army, dreaming of his Toulon. During this period, his idol was Napoleon, an active and strong personality. He made the decision to go to war, partly fueled by the general desire of the noble youth to accomplish a feat in defense of their Fatherland. In his vain dreams, he pictured himself as the savior of the Russian army. Bolkonsky begins his military service from the lower ranks among the adjutants at Kutuzov’s headquarters, but unlike staff officers such as Zherkov and Drubetskoy, he does not seek an easy career and awards. Prove it with text.
Student
. “Despite the fact that a little time has passed since Prince Andrei left Russia, he has changed a lot during this time. In the expression of his face, in his movements, in his gait, the former pretense, fatigue and laziness were almost not noticeable; he had the appearance of a man who has no time to think about the impression he makes on others, and is busy doing something pleasant and interesting
….»
(slide 9)
Student
. What does Prince Andrei Bolkonsky think about the war of 1805?
Student
. “Seeing Mack and hearing the details of his death, he realized that half of the company was lost, understood the difficulty of the position of the troops and vividly imagined what awaited the army, and the role that he would have to play in it.” (slide 10-11)
Teacher
. What is A. Bolkonsky doing?
Student
. A. Bolkonsky insists that he be sent to Bagration’s detachment, which was tasked with detaining the enemy and not allowing him to cut off “Kutuzov’s route of communication with the troops coming from Russia.”
Teacher
. What goals does he pursue, what does he dream about?
Student
. Dreams of achievement, of glory. Wants to be like Napoleon. (slide 12,13)
Teacher
. The Battle of Shengraben begins. Prince Andrey embraces
excitement. He is trying to understand what his “Toulon” will be expressed in. This battle allowed Bolkonsky to show his courage. He boldly travels around positions under enemy bullets. He alone dared to go to the Tushin battery and did not leave until the guns were removed.
Teacher
. What did Andrei Bolkonsky understand at the Tushin battery?
Student
. That we owe the success of the day to the action of the battery and the steadfastness of Captain Tushin and his company.
Teacher
. But after the Battle of Shengraben, after the panic and confusion of the retreat of the allied troops, everything turned out to be not as heroic as he had dreamed.
Teacher.
(slide 14) Let us remember the Battle of Austerlitz. Before the Battle of Austerlitz, Prince Andrei “was firmly convinced that today was the day of his Toulon or his “Arcole Bridge.” Death, wounds, personal life - everything faded into the background. In the foreground is the hero, Prince Andrei. When the ensign holding the regiment's banner was struck down, Prince Andrei picked up the banner and led the battery into the attack. But the injury separated him from real events, and the high sky made him feel his insignificance before eternity. On the battlefield in the face of death, Prince Andrei realized that idols and glory were far from their true meaning in life. Read it.
Student.
“He didn’t see anything. There was nothing above him except the sky - a high sky, not clear, but still an immeasurably high sky, not clear, but still an immeasurably high sky, with gray clouds quietly creeping across it
…»
(slide 15,16,17)
Teacher.
At this moment, Napoleon, passing by with his retinue, theatrically shouted “What a beautiful death!” He seemed to Bolkonsky a small and insignificant person in comparison with what was happening between his soul and this sky. Confirm with text.
Student.
“...felt that he was bleeding, and he saw the distant, high eternal sky above him. He knew that it was Napoleon - his hero, but at that moment Napoleon seemed to him an insignificant person in comparison with what was now happening between his soul and this high, endless sky with clouds running across it...” (slide 17)
Teacher.
In the very first battles, A. Bolkonsky gives up two delusions: admiration for Napoleon and the hope of saving the army. So Prince Andrei comes to Bald Mountains, where he is destined to endure new shocks: the birth of a son, the torment and death of his wife. At the same time, it seemed to him that it was he who was to blame for what had happened, that something had been torn away in his soul. The change in his views that arose at Austerlitz was now combined with a mental crisis. Tolstoy's hero decides never to serve in the army again, and a little later decides to completely abandon public activities. He isolates himself from life, takes care of only his household and his son in Bogucharovo, convincing himself that this is all that is left for him. He now intends to live only for himself, “without disturbing anyone, to live until death.” It seems to him that life is over. (slide 18,19)
Teacher.
Who helps A. Bolkonsky?

Student.
Pierre Bezukhov.
Teacher
Pierre arrives in Bogucharovo, and an important conversation takes place between friends on the ferry. Pierre hears from the lips of Prince Andrei words full of deep disappointment in everything, disbelief in the high purpose of man, in the possibility of receiving joy from life. Bezukhov adheres to a different point of view: “You have to live, you have to love, you have to believe.”
Teacher.
The conversation with Pierre Bezukhov did not go unnoticed. “...Prince Andrei feels that Pierre’s words made a great impression on him, and for the first time after Austerlitz he saw that high sky, the eternal sky, which he saw while lying on the Austerlitz field, and something that had long fallen asleep, something better “What was in him suddenly woke up joyfully and youthfully in his soul.” Under her influence, his spiritual revival begins again, albeit slowly. For 2 years of life in the village
A.
Bolkonsky carried out without noticeable difficulty all the measures that Pierre had planned for himself: he transferred the peasants to ploughmen, replaced corvee with quitrent, and opened a school in Bogucharovo. (slide 21,22)
Teacher
. One day in the spring, on his business, Bolkonsky needed to see Count Rostov. And on the way to him, Prince Andrei drove past a huge old oak tree. The oak tree attracted his attention because it did not have a single green leaf. Andrei Bolkonsky came to the conclusion that a person, like a tree, should live out his life leisurely and patiently. Read it.
Student.
“Probably ten times older than the birches that made up the forest, it was ten times thicker and twice as tall as each birch. It was a huge oak tree, two girths wide, with branches that had been broken off for a long time, apparently, and with broken bark, overgrown with old sores... Only he did not want to submit to the charm of spring and did not want to see either spring or the sun.” (slide 23)
Teacher.
But soon his life changed. Who changed it?
Student.
He met and fell in love with Natasha Rostova.
Teacher.
Let's remember the night in Otradnoye. (slide 24)
Student
“Prince Andrei stood up and went to the window to open it. As soon as he opened the shutters, moonlight, as if he had been waiting at the window for a long time, rushed into the room...”
Teacher.
It was at this moment that the hero felt like he was part of that moonlit night that enchanted Natasha. Life no longer passed by as before. Through her eyes he saw silvery trees, lush grass, a roof glistening with dew....”
Teacher.
Returning from the Rostovs, Prince Bolkonsky noticed that the oak had turned green. He perceived this as a symbol calling him to action, to life, to happiness. Confirm with text. (slide 25)
Student.
“The old oak tree, completely transformed, spread out like a tent of lush, dark greenery, was thrilled, slightly swaying in the rays of the evening sun
…
Juicy, young leaves emerged from the branches through the tough hundred-year-old bark... »
Teacher.
Bolkonsky understands that life at 31 is not over. A new desire for activity and fame comes to him. Where does the prince go?
Andrey? (slide 26)
Student.
He left for St. Petersburg, where his government activities began in the Speransky commission for drawing up new laws.
Teacher.
But disappointment in the work of the commission soon followed. Prince Andrei realized how far this work was from the vital interests of the people. Andrei Bolkonsky is close to a new spiritual crisis, from which he is saved by his love for Natasha Rostova, in whom, it seems to him, he has found true happiness. Bolkonsky gives himself over completely to his feelings. And here he is at the ball, where he meets Natasha again. This girl gave him a breath of purity and freshness. He understood the richness of her soul, incompatible with artificiality and falsehood. It is already clear to him that he is passionate about Natasha, and while dancing with her, “the wine of her charm went to his head.” (Slide 27,28,29) What disturbed his happiness?
Student.
Natasha's deception and betrayal with Anatoly Kuragin.
Teacher.
But Prince Andrei was a man of honor, he could not forgive Natasha for deception. He returns to the active army again. The Patriotic War dramatically changed the hero’s life path. How did you change? (slide 30,31,32,33)
Teacher.
She found Prince Andrei in confusion, thinking about the insult inflicted on him. But his personal grief was drowned in the people's grief. The invasion of the French arouses in him the desire to fight, to be with the army and the people. Bolkonsky enters military service, refusing a staff position. During the Battle of Borodino, he stood with his regiment in reserve under heavy enemy fire. Without engaging in battle, the regiment lost a third of its soldiers. Prince Andrey “was entirely devoted to the affairs of his regiment,” cared about his people, and was simple and kind in his interactions with them. The regiment called him “our prince,” they were proud of him and loved him. This is the most important stage in the development of Andrei Bolkonsky as a person. On the eve of the Battle of Borodino, Prince Andrei is firmly confident of victory. He tells Pierre: "We will win the battle tomorrow. Tomorrow, no matter what, we will win the battle!" During the Battle of Borodino, Bolkonsky was wounded by a grenade fragment, and, waking up at the dressing station, he saw Anatoly Kuragin. What happened at that moment?
Student.
He saw Anatoly Kuragin, remembered Natasha and forgave them. He felt compassion, love for them. Bolkonsky at that moment loved all people on earth, without dividing them into friends and enemies. (slide 34,35)
Teacher.
I believe that the generosity and all-encompassing love that Andrei felt at a critical moment in his life are feelings not available to all people. These feelings can arise in an honest, noble soul. Enduring severe suffering, realizing that he is dying, Bolkonsky experiences a feeling of universal love and forgiveness. It seems to him that the meaning of life and the path to truth are indicated in the teachings of Christ. Life and death fought for a long time in Prince Andrei. Those close to Andrei Bolkonsky retained a fond memory of him as a man of clear mind, strong will; the desire to work for the benefit of people was a matter of honor. The hero’s lifeline did not end: Nikolenka grew up, and the image of his father continues to live in his memory.

3) Consolidation.

Teacher.
Let's make a table “Stages of A. Bolkonsky’s ideological and moral quest.”

Teacher
. Andrei Bolkonsky, having gone through a series of life trials, finds his happiness and peace. During these trials, he grows and develops morally. Neither the war nor personal troubles broke him; on the contrary, he became even better, cleaner and kinder.

Summing up

results

5) Homework
War of 1805. The beginning of unity with the “people's thought” Salon Scherer Dreams of a feat to earn people's love. In public service. Meeting with Natasha - the ideal of “simplicity, kindness and truth.” 1812 Unity with the soldiers' world of Austerlitz Image of the endless sky. Bal Kuragin "Oh, vile, heartless breed." Mortal wound The feat of the Tushin battery Otradnoye Moral revival Audience with Arakcheev Supporting provisions of the theme “The path of ideological and moral quest of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky.”

Before you is the essay “The Road of Honor of Prince Andrei” based on the work of Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy “War and Peace”. The essay is devoted to the analysis of the image of Andrei Bolkonsky and is intended for 10th grade students.

PRINCE ANDREY'S ROAD OF HONOR - essay

To live honestly, you have to strive,

get confused, struggle, make mistakes,

start and quit...

And calmness is spiritual meanness.

L.N. Tolstoy.

Prince Andrei is one of Tolstoy’s favorite heroes in the epic novel War and Peace. His image embodied the ideals, thoughts, ideas about the meaning of life of the better half of the noble intelligentsia of the early 19th century, thoughts about heroism, patriotism, duty, honor. Prince A. Bolkonsky went through the most interesting and difficult path of developing his views. Although by the age of twenty he was already sufficiently formed as a person, we have before us a man who constantly “ breaks, gets confused, breaks, makes mistakes«. ‘This life is not for me,“- he says to Pierre about the sluggish salon life of the people of his circle. Bolkonsky does not want and cannot live such a life, he thirsts for activity, fame, dreams of accomplishing a feat in the name of people. To fulfill his ambitious dreams, Prince Andrei goes to the war of 1805-1806.

Here the prince meets new people and experiences a number of major events. The meeting with Captain Tushin and his soldiers most strongly influenced his idea of ​​​​heroism. Prince Andrei is amazed that a hero can be not only a person leading soldiers into battle with a banner in his hand, but also an ordinary fighter who simply and honestly fulfills his duty. The final break in his idea is completed during the Battle of Austerlitz. Bolkonsky no longer believes that the outcome of a battle can depend only on the actions of one person, on plans and dispositions. His idea of ​​heroism completely changes after being wounded.

The most difficult thing was Andrei's disappointment in his idol Napoleon, who now seemed to him to be an ordinary little forty-year-old man in a gray frock coat. The idea that this man was happy at the misfortune of others completed the dethronement of the hero. Only a very honest and thinking person could see the anti-human essence in his idol.

After such shocks, Prince Andrei changes his life, now he wants to live " for myself", son and father. In an argument with Pierre, we see that Andrei is critical of himself. Realizing that he lived wrong, he looks for other ways. " Life for yourself" means to him that " at thirty-one, life is over". Therefore, after meetings with Pierre, Natasha, and observations of the transformed oak tree, Bolkonsky realizes that he cannot simply exist. He goes to St. Petersburg in order to take part in the work of the Speransky commission. And again, the eternal search, reflections on life lead him to the conclusion that the commission is pointless. He refuses to serve and, thereby, renounces the brilliant career that awaited him along this path.

Bolkonsky’s love for Natasha seems to revive him and fill him with strength. And the more terrible the break with Natasha was for him, which led to a deep crisis.

The disasters of the people and the war of 1812 cause an upsurge of spiritual strength in Bolkonsky. He again craves activity and refuses to serve at the emperor’s headquarters, thereby completely losing himself in the eyes of the world. Prince Andrei becomes an ordinary regimental commander. The soldiers love him and call him " our prince". Andrei no longer dreams of glory, of heroism, but in fact is one of the most useful officers in the army. He is close to his soldiers, the same “ hidden warmth of patriotism“, but still, due to his upbringing, education, belonging to the highest strata of noble society, he cannot fully get close to the people. This is especially noticeable in the scene of soldiers bathing during the Battle of Borodino. Bolkonsky's views, formed over years of hard thought, are revealed in a conversation with Pierre before the battle. Prince Andrei realized that the outcome of the battle depended not on the genius of the commanders, not on the skillful arrangement of forces, but on “ army spirit“, his confidence in victory and desire to be stronger than the enemy. Andrei puts himself next to Timokhin and any of the soldiers subordinate to him and thereby proves that one must live not “ for myself" And " for others", and together with others or, in the words of Pierre, " match» contains these two concepts.

According to Tolstoy’s plan, Prince Andrei was killed, but the path to find him, his “ road of honor“would inevitably lead him to Senate Square, where he, together with the Decembrists, would defend the interests of the people. His son Nikolenka will follow in his footsteps and continue his path. It is not for nothing that in a dream Nikolenka sees her father and herself on a par with the future liberators of the people.

I hope you liked the essay on the topic “The Road of Honor of Prince Andrei.”