Center for ART Education, All-Russian competition “Pride of the Fatherland”: Anniversaries of Russia in 2014 (history and culture)

Presentation for class

Life and art

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka

(on the 210th anniversary of the composer’s birth)

Maslikova Yulia Alekseevna,

music teacher;

Miroshnichenko Yaroslav, 4A class

MBOU secondary school No. 3 of the city district

Uryupinsk

M.I. Glinka

is the founder of Russian musical classics. He created the first examples of Russian opera, symphonic music and romance.

Wilhelm Karlovich

Kuchelbecker

Since 1817, Mikhail Glinka has been studying at the Noble boarding school in St. Petersburg.

His tutor and teacher of Russian literature was Wilhelm Karlovich Kuchelbecker - a friend of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, thanks to this they met.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin

In 1822, Glinka entered the service of the Department of Railways, but soon resigned. The service took him away from his favorite music activities and interfered with his creativity.

Later he would compose “A Passing Song” to the words of N. Kukolnik on the occasion of the opening of the first railway between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo.

"A Passing Song"

words by Nestor Kukolnik

In 1830, Mikhail Glinka went on a journey, seeking to improve in art.

The romance “Venice Night” is a true barcarolle, created under the Russian composer’s impression of southern nature, the gentle sea and the “sweet melodies” of Italy.

The romance was written based on the poems of the wonderful poet Ivan Kozlov, whose work he spoke with enthusiasm about

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

Romance

"Venice Night"

words by Ivan Kozlov

Returning to Russia in 1834, Glinka enthusiastically began composing an opera about the patriotic feat of Ivan Susanin.

In his work, the composer glorified the heroic feat of a simple Russian peasant who sacrificed his life in the name of the Motherland.

The opera was performed with great success on November 27, 1836 on the stage of the Bolshoi Theater in St. Petersburg. Leading people of Russian society highly appreciated her.

Chorus “Glory” from the opera “Ivan Susanin”

In 1839, Glinka met Ekaterina Kern, daughter of Anna Petrovna Kern, whose name is consecrated in the poem

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin.

He expressed the feelings that worried the composer in two works dedicated to Catherine Kern. The first of them was the captivatingly elegant “Waltz - Fantasy” filled with tender love and the marvelous romance based on Pushkin’s poems “I Remember a Wonderful Moment”.

Romance "I remember"

wonderful moment"

poems by A.S. Pushkin

In 1842, the premiere of the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila” based on Pushkin’s poem took place. This is a fabulous epic opera about the love of Ruslan and Lyudmila and the treachery of the wizard Chernomor.

The opera received sincere approval from progressive musical circles.

Final chorus “Glory to the Great Gods” from the opera “Ruslan and Lyudmila”

In recent years, Glinka lived alternately in St. Petersburg, then in Warsaw, Paris and Berlin. The composer was full of creative plans, but the atmosphere of hostility and ill will interfered with creativity. He burned several of the scores he had begun.

A close, devoted friend in the last years of the composer’s life was his beloved younger sister Lyudmila Ivanovna Shestakova. For her little daughter Olya, Glinka composed some of his piano pieces. Poets, writers, actors and singers, advanced young musicians gathered in the composer's house.

L.I.Shestakova and M.I.Glinka

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka died in 1857 in Berlin. His ashes were transported to St. Petersburg and buried in the cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Glinka’s work is evidence of the powerful rise of national culture. Like Pushkin in literature, Glinka in music became the founder of a new historical period that determined the development path and global significance of Russian national culture.

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Lychenkova Irina Vitalievna Municipal educational institution "Secondary school No. 56" Novokuznetsk music teacher of the first qualification category; teaching experience - 18 years

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The composer is the founder of Russian classical music. GLINKA Mikhail Ivanovich was born.

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He received his primary education at home. Listening to the singing of serfs and the ringing of the bells of the local church, he early showed a craving for music. He became interested in playing the orchestra of serf musicians on the estate of his uncle, Afanasy Andreevich Glinka. Musical lessons - playing the violin and piano - began quite late and were of an amateur nature. However, music had such a strong influence on him that one day, in response to a remark about absent-mindedness, he remarked: “What should I do?... Music is my soul!”

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In 1818, Glinka entered the Noble boarding school in St. Petersburg at the Main Pedagogical Institute. He graduated from the boarding school in 1822 as the second student. After graduating from boarding school, Glinka did not immediately enter the service. In the spring of 1830, Glinka went on a long trip abroad, the purpose of which was both treatment (on the waters of Germany and in the warm climate of Italy) and acquaintance with Western European art. In 1835 Glinka married M. P. Ivanova. This marriage turned out to be extremely unsuccessful and darkened the composer’s life for many years.

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Back in 1837, Glinka had conversations with Pushkin about creating an opera based on the plot of “Ruslan and Lyudmila.” In 1838, work began on the composition, which premiered on November 27, 1842 in St. Petersburg. Despite the fact that the royal family left the box before the end of the performance, leading cultural figures greeted the work with delight (although this time there was no consensus of opinion - due to the deeply innovative nature of the drama). One of the performances was attended by Franz Liszt, who extremely highly appreciated not only this opera by Glinka, but also his role in Russian music in general.

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In Glinka’s work, two most important directions of Russian opera were defined: folk musical drama and fairy tale opera; he laid the foundations of Russian symphonism and became the first classic of Russian romance.

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In 1838, Glinka met Ekaterina Kern, the daughter of the heroine of Pushkin’s famous poem, and dedicated his most inspired works to her: “Waltz Fantasy” (1839) and a wonderful romance based on Pushkin’s poems “I Remember a Wonderful Moment” (1840).

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Glinka spent the winter of 1851-1852 in St. Petersburg, where he became close to a group of young cultural figures, and in 1855 he met M. A. Balakirev, who later became the head of the “New Russian School” (or “Mighty Handful”), which creatively developed traditions, founded by Glinka.

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In 1852, the composer again went to Paris for several months, from 1856 he lived in Berlin, where he died in February 1857 and was buried in the Lutheran cemetery.

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At the insistence of M.I.’s younger sister. Glinka Lyudmila, Glinka's ashes, were transported to Russia in 1857 and buried in the cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra. In Petersburg.

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The presentation was prepared by: Olga Grigorievna Vovk, music teacher of Fedorovsky Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra
"Between heaven and earth…"

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Goal: To introduce students to the romance genre, its role in the work of M.I. Glinka; Objectives: To form in students the concept of romance as a genre of vocal music; Improve the ability to listen and analyze a piece of music using the example of the romance “Lark”; Develop interest in the work of composer M. I. Glinka; Enrich the spiritual world of students, cultivate their musical, artistic and aesthetic taste;

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Many composers have turned and continue to turn to the romance genre. For them, this form of vocal music was and is a kind of diary of vivid impressions, a spiritual confession. Why do romances live in people's memories? Because they sing of the great human feeling - love, and with it the confusion of the soul and joyful excitement, the delight of meetings and the bitterness of separation, memories of the past and hope for happiness.

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Romance is a vocal composition written on a short poem of lyrical content, mainly love. The birthplace of romance is Spain.

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A. Alyabyev
A. Gurilev
S. Rachmaninov
A. Varlamov
P. Tchaikovsky
N. Rimsky-Korsakov
G. Sviridov
Composers created wonderful examples of Russian romances

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Among the great Russian composers who make up the glory and pride of Russian romance, the name of Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka shines with unfading light

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Glinka was the founder of Russian classical music. He was the first to deeply and comprehensively express the soul of the Russian people in his works. It was he who put Russian music on a par with the best works of world culture; it was he who stood at the beginning of a new historical period in the development of Russian music. Vocal creativity of M.I., diverse in genres. Glinka is his invaluable contribution to the field of Russian romance and song lyrics. He was the first of the Russian composers to achieve a high fusion of music and text into a single poetic whole.

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Being himself an excellent singer and vocal teacher, Glinka not only became the first classic of Russian romance, but also the creator of the Russian vocal school, Russian bel canto, that is, “beautiful singing,” where the smoothness, flexibility, and plasticity of beautiful melodies are combined with a deep realistic revelation of the spiritual meaning of poetic words.
Stills from the film “Composer Glinka”

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M Glinka – N. Kukolnik “Farewell to St. Petersburg”
"Farewell to Petersburg", a cycle of 12 romances created by Glinka in 1840. ... “I wanted to leave St. Petersburg (...) I was not exactly sick, not exactly healthy: my heart was heavy with grief, and gloomy, vague thoughts involuntarily crowded into my mind...” In these romances you can hear not only “dark thoughts”, but also tender, lyrical motives. Light sadness sounds in the romance “Lark” - one of the most sincere and touching works of Russian musical classics. Its natural, melodious melody involuntarily captivates with its impeccable “vocality” - you want to sing it!

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Nestor Kukolnik
Mikhail Glinka
romance "Lark"
The romance “Lark” is a sincere and thoughtful song, with an easily flowing, smooth melody, natural and simple, tinged with light sadness. The piano part expressively recreates the flat Russian landscape - its endless distances, fields and meadows with stems of grass and cereals creeping in the wind. Before the singer enters, the trills of a lark are heard, accompanied by the song. The romance contains two musical lines: the thematic - the song of the lark and the lyrical feelings of the hero. In the first, you can hear the authentic, natural trills of a lark, “which, in a mad rapture of the feeling of being, now rushes upward like an arrow, now falls from the sky, now fluttering its wings, without moving from its place, as if bathing and drowning in the blue ether” (V.G. Belinsky).

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It is the song of the lark that encourages the lyrical hero to actively express feelings for his beloved. The vocal part expresses not just a touching state, but the eternal longing of the human heart for faithful and tender love, timid hope for true feeling. A beautiful melodious melody flows in a “non-originating stream” against the backdrop of transparent accompaniment, in which soaring octave leaps convey a feeling of airiness, a state “between heaven and earth.”

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Composer traditionally considered one of the founders of Russian classical music. Glinka’s works had a strong influence on subsequent generations of composers, including members of the “New Russian School”, who developed his ideas in their music.

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Mikhail Glinka was born on May 20, 1804 in the village of Novospasskoye, Smolensk province. Until the age of six, he was raised by his grandmother Fyokla Alexandrovna.

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Mikhail grew up as a nervous, suspicious and sickly gentleman - a “mimosa”, according to Glinka’s own description. At the age of ten, Mikhail began learning to play the piano and violin. Glinka’s first teacher was governess Varvara Fedorovna Klammer, invited from St. Petersburg.

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After a long search for a plot for the opera, Glinka, on the advice of V. Zhukovsky, settled on the legend of Ivan Susanin. At the end of April 1835, Glinka married Marya Petrovna Ivanova. Soon after this, the newlyweds went to Novospasskoye, where Glinka began writing an opera with great zeal.

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In 1836, the opera “A Life for the Tsar” was completed, but Mikhail Glinka with great difficulty managed to get it accepted for production on the stage of the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater. The premiere of “A Life for the Tsar” took place on November 27, 1836. The success was enormous, the opera was enthusiastically received by the leading part of society.

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Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka died on February 16, 1857 in Berlin and was buried in the Lutheran cemetery. At the grave there is a monument created by the architect A. M. Gornostaev. Currently, the slab from Glinka's grave in Berlin is lost. At the site of the grave in 1947, the Military Commandant's Office of the Soviet sector of Berlin erected a monument to the composer. The original monument at the grave of M. Glinka in Berlin. Monument-tombstone of M. I. Glinka at the Tikhvin cemetery.

Composer's grandmother Fyokla Alexandrovna

Composer's parents

Evgenia Andreevna
Ivan Nikolaevich

Beloved sister

Lyudmila Ivanovna

In 1817, parents bring
Mikhail to St. Petersburg and
placed in Noble
boarding house at the Main
pedagogical institute, where
his tutor was a poet,
Decembrist V.K. Kuchelbecker. IN
Petersburg Glinka takes lessons
among the greatest musicians, in
including the Irish
pianist and composer John
Field.

John Field
V.K.Kuchelbecker

Upon graduation from the boarding school in 1822
Mikhail Glinka is studying hard
music: studies
Western European music
classics, participates in home
playing music in the nobility
salons, sometimes leads
uncle's orchestra. At the same time
Glinka tries herself as
composer, composing variations for
harp or piano on a theme from
operas by an Austrian composer
Joseph Weigl's "Swiss"
family".

At the end of April 1830, the composer
goes to Italy, delayed
on the way to Dresden and having completed
great trip to Germany,
stretching throughout the summer months.
Arriving in Italy at the beginning of autumn,
Glinka settled in Milan, the former
at that time a major center
musical culture. In Italy he
meets outstanding
composers V. Bellini and
G. Donizetti, studies vocal
Bel Canto style and he composes a lot himself
in the "Italian spirit".

In July 1833, Glinka went to Berlin,
stopping along the way for a while at
Vienna. In Berlin Glinka, under the leadership
German theorist Siegfried Dehn works in
areas of composition, polyphony, instrumentation.
Having received news of his father's death in 1834,
Glinka decided to immediately return to
Russia.

Glinka returned with extensive plans to create
Russian national opera. After a long time
searching for a plot for Glinka's opera, on the advice of V.
Zhukovsky, focused on the legend about Ivan
Susanina. At the end of April 1835, Glinka
married Marya Petrovna Ivanova, his
distant relative. Soon after it
the newlyweds went to Novospasskoye, where Glinka and
He began writing the opera with great zeal.

In 1836, the opera “Ivan Susanin” was completed, however
Mikhail Glinka managed to get her accepted with great difficulty.
production on the stage of the St. Petersburg Bolshoi Theater. This with
the director of the imperial
theaters A. M. Gedeonov, who gave it to the conductor for trial
Katerino Kavosu. Kavos gave Glinka's work the most
flattering review. The opera was accepted, however, on the recommendation
yard, the name “Ivan Susanin” was replaced by “Life for
Tsar”, besides, Glinka was obliged not to demand for the opera
rewards.

In 1856, Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka left
to Berlin. There he began studying
ancient Russian church chants,
creativity of old masters, choral
works of the Italian Palestrina, Johann
Sebastian Bach. Unexpected illness
interrupted these activities.

First works.

Glinka's first experience in composing music dates back to 1822.
year - the time of completion of the boarding school. These were variations for
harp or piano on a theme from an opera that was fashionable at the time
Austrian composer Weigl "Swiss
family." From that moment on, continuing
improve in playing the piano, Glinka everything
pays more attention to composition and soon
composes an extremely large amount, trying his hand at the most
different genres. For a long time he remains Romances.
dissatisfied with their work. But it was precisely during this period
well-known today romances and songs were written: “Don’t
tempt me unnecessarily" to the words of E.A. Baratynsky, "Don't sing,
beauty, in front of me" to the words of A.S. Pushkin, "Autumn night, night
dear" to the words of A.Ya. Rimsky-Korsakov and others.

Romances.

"Venetian Night" (1832)
"Here I am, Inesilla" (1834)
"Night View" (1836)
"Doubt" (1838)
"Night Zephyr" (1838)
“The fire of desire burns in the blood” (1839)
Wedding song “The marvelous tower stands” (1839)
Vocal cycle "farewell to St. Petersburg" (1840)
"A Passing Song" (1840)
"Confession" (1840)
"Do I Hear Thy Voice" (1848)
“The Healthy Cup” (1848)
“Margarita’s Song” from Goethe’s tragedy “Faust” (1848)
"Mary" (1849)
"Adele" (1849)
"Gulf of Finland" (1850)
“Prayer” (“In a difficult moment of life”) (1855)
"Don't Say It Hurts Your Heart" (1856)

Opera creativity.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka died on February 15, 1857
years in Berlin and was buried in Lutheran
cemetery. In May of the same year, at the insistence of the youngest
sisters of M. I. Glinka Lyudmila Ivanovna Shestakova,
the composer's ashes were transported to St. Petersburg and
reburied at the Tikhvin Cemetery.