The most famous writers are Germans. Great people of German-speaking countries. Sayings about poets
German literature has given the world many wonderful writers. The names of many of them remained in the history of literature. The works of these authors are studied at schools and universities. These are famous German writers whose names everyone knows, even if they are not familiar with their works. However, most of the names of their works are also familiar to reading people.
German writers and poets of the 18th century
Goethe is one of the most famous writers in the whole world. His full name is Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. He was not only a poet, but also a natural scientist, a great thinker and statesman. He was born in 1749 and lived 82 years. Goethe wrote poems and comedies. He is known throughout the world as the author of the book “The Sorrows of Young Werther.” The story of how this work greatly influenced the minds of young people - Goethe's contemporaries - is widely known. And a wave of suicides swept across Germany. The young men imitated the main character of the work - Werther - and committed suicide because of unhappy love. A volume of The Sorrows of Young Werther was found in the pockets of many of the young suicides.
Wilhelm Heinse is an equally talented writer, but for the most part he is known only to literary scholars and philologists. In Russia he is known from the novel “Ardingello and the Blessed Islands” translated by Petrovsky. Born in 1746, died in 1803. And only in 1838 the collected works of Heinze were published.
German children's writers of the 18th century
Everyone read or listened to the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm in childhood. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm are German writers known to everyone since childhood. In addition to writing fairy tales, they were also linguists and researchers of their national culture. In addition, the brothers are considered the founders of scientific German studies and German philology. They were born one year apart: Jacob in 1785, and Wilhelm in 1786. Jacob outlived his brother by four years. Fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm are loved by children of all nations. Many, as they say, grew up on their “ Bremen Town Musicians", "Snow White" and "Little Red Riding Hood".
19th century writers
Nietzsche is one of the first whose name comes to mind when thinking about German writers of the 19th century. Few people read his works, but many have heard of him and his philosophy. The author's full name is Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. He was born in 1844 and lived 56 years. He was not only a writer, but also a philosopher and philologist. Unfortunately, his creative activity ended in 1889 due to illness, and he gained popularity as a writer only after his death. The key work of Nietzsche's work is the book Thus Spake Zarathustra.
Theodore Storm is another 19th century writer. He is both a poet and a prose writer. Storm was born in 1817 and lived for 70 years. Storm's most famous works are the short stories “Angelika” and “The Rider on a White Horse.”
20th century in German literature
Heinrich Böll is the Nobel Prize laureate for 1972. He was born in 1917, wrote stories and poems since early childhood. However, he began publishing his works only in 1947. In Bell's adult prose there is a lot about the war and post-war problems. Since he himself survived the war and was even captured. More famous are Bell's collections of stories "Not Just for Christmas", "When the War Began" and "When the War Ended", as well as the novel "Where Have You Been, Adam?" In 1992, Böll’s novel “The Angel Was Silent” was published; it was translated into Russian in 2001. Previously, the author himself dismantled it into a series of stories for the sake of a fee, since he and his family needed money.
Remarque is also one of the most famous writers. Erich Maria Remarque took the middle name for his pseudonym in honor of his mother. He was born in 1898, in 1916 he was sent to fight on the Western Front, was seriously wounded, and spent a lot of time in the hospital. All of his main novels are anti-war, for this reason the Nazis even banned his books. The most famous novels are All Quiet on the Western Front, Three Comrades, Borrowed Life, Arc de Triomphe and Love Thy Neighbor.
Franz Kafka is Austrian, but is considered one of the major German-language authors. His books are unique in their absurdism. Most of them were published posthumously. He was born in 1883 and died of tuberculosis in 1924. His collections are famous: “Punishments”, “Contemplation” and “The Hunger”. As well as the novels “The Castle” and “The Trial”.
German writers made a great contribution to world literature. The list of names can be continued for a long time. It is worth adding two more names.
Mann Brothers
Heinrich Mann and Thomas Mann are brothers, both famous German writers. Heinrich Mann - prose writer, born in 1871, worked in the book trade and publishing. In 1953, the Berlin Academy of Arts established the annual Heinrich Mann Prize. His most famous works are “Master Gnus”, “The Promised Land”, “The Young Years of King Henry IV” and “The Mature Years of King Henry IV”.
Paul Thomas Mann was 4 years younger than his brother. He is a Nobel laureate. Literary activity It began with the creation of the magazine “Spring Thunderstorm”. Then he wrote articles for the magazine “XX Century”, which was published by his brother. Thomas became famous with the novel Buddenbrooks. He wrote it based on the history of his own family. His other famous novels are Doctor Faustus and The Magic Mountain.
Theme: Deutsche Schriftsteller
Topic: German writers
Thomas Mann
Der berühmte deutsche Erzähler des 19. Jahrhunderts Thomas Mann war 1875 in Lübeck zur Welt gekommen. Seine Familie war wohlhabend. Der Vater war ein erfolgreicher Kaufmann und von den Bürgern der Stadt geehrt. Th. Mann fühlte sich sein ganzes Leben lang als deutscher Bürger, sogar in den USA während der Emigration. Seiner Meinung nach musste jeder ehrliche Mensch vornehm leben, gut verdienen, vernünftig und menschenfreundlich sein. Deshalb trat er gegen Hitler auf.
The famous German writer of the 19th century, Thomas Mann, was born in 1875 in Lübeck. The family was wealthy. The father was a merchant. He was respected in the city. T. Mann felt like a German citizen all his life, even while in exile in the USA. In his opinion, every decent person should live according to his conscience, earn good money, be reasonable and friendly. That is why the writer opposed Hitler.
Th. Mann war begabt und hat große Kunstwerke hinterlassen. Trotz seiner Bürgerlichkeit war er als Künstler auch oft sensibel, einsam, unglücklich. Th. Mann schildert in seinen Werken außergewöhnliche Menschen. Viele von seinen Helden waren begabt, aber im Leben konnten sie ihr Glück nicht finden. Das größte Werk ist aber der große Roman Buddenbrooks. Dadurch wurde er beruhmt. Der Schriftsteller zeigt anhand von drei Menschen generationen den Prozess des Verfalls in Deutschland. Dadurch wurden viele Menschen ruiniert, ihre Existenz völlig zerstört.
T. Mann was a very talented writer and left behind a large literary legacy. Despite his views as a representative of the bourgeois environment, as an artist he was an emotional, lonely and sometimes unhappy person. T. Mann describes extraordinary people in his works. Many of his heroes were talented, but never found happiness in life. The most wonderful work T. Mann's novel "Buddenbrooks". Thanks to him, the writer became famous. Using the example of 3 generations of one family, the author shows the process of decay in Germany. Because of this, many destinies perished, their usual existence was destroyed.
Die Handlung spielt in seiner Heimatstadt Lübeck. Der Autor versucht die Gründe des Niedergangs der Familie zu erklären. Die Sprache des Romans ist klar, einfach und schön, die feine Ironie gibt der Darstellung viel Charme. Die Männergestalten sind edel, klug, stark. Die Frauen sind schön, zierlich, liebevoll. Das Buch wurde inszeniert und verfilmt. Der letzte Serienfilm erweckte großes Interesse beim Publikum. Das war eine außerordentliche Erscheinung in der Filmkunst der ganzen Welt.
The novel takes place in Lübeck, the writer's hometown. The author tries to show the reasons for the death of the family. The language of the novel is distinguished by simplicity, precision, and slight irony, which gives the text beauty and elegance. The men in the novel are noble, smart, strong. The women and heroines of the novel are beautiful, gentle, and attractive. The work has been filmed several times. The latest serial film aroused public interest. The film "Buddenbrooks" is considered an outstanding phenomenon of world cinema.
Viele Leute haben mit Interesse den Roman gelesen und die Verfilmung gesehen. Ein Leser schreibt, dass sein Schullehrer der ganzen Klasse abgeraten hatte, in diesen Film zu gehen. Die Schüler waren natürlich neugierig. Sie sahen sich den Film an und wurden positiv überrascht. Tony und Thomas, die Haupthelden, wurden für viele Jungen und Mädchen zu Lieblingsgestalten.
Many people read the novel with interest and watch the film adaptation. One reader wrote that a teacher at school was against his students watching the film. But, of course, they immediately went to the cinema and were pleasantly surprised. The film's characters, Tony and Thomas, have become many people's favorite movie characters.
Erich Maria Remarque
Erich Maria Remarque
Der große deutsche Schriftsteller erschien auf dieser Welt 1898, am 22-Juli. Sein Vater war Buchbinder. Zuerst lernte er in der Volksschule. Später besuchte er ein Lehrerseminar. 1916 wurde er an die Westfront als Soldat geschickt und verletzt. Der Krieg kam zu Ende 1918. Remarque befand sich immer noch im Lazarett. Endlich konnte er sich als Lehrer betätigen. Aber die Arbeit als Zeitungsredakteur gefiel ihm besser. Er schrieb auch Prosatexte für verschiedene Zeitungen. Da kam das Jahr 1929. Remarque veröffentlichte seinen ersten Roman „Im Westen nichts Neues“. Das waren seine eigenen Eindrücke aus dem Krieg und Erinnerungen an gefallene Kameraden. Die Verfilmung des Romans 1930 gefiel dem Publikum. Der Autor wurde bekannt.
The famous German writer was born in 1898, on June 22. His father was a bookbinder. At first, Erich studied in elementary school. After that, he attended a seminar for teachers. In 1916 he was drafted into the army and sent to the Western Front, where he was wounded. The war ended in 1918. At this time, Remarque was still in the hospital. He then got a job as a teacher. But he liked the job of editor at the newspaper more. He wrote texts for various newspapers. The year 1929 arrived. Remarque published his first novel, All Quiet on the Western Front. He described his impressions of the war and his dead friends. The film adaptation of the novel in 1930 aroused public interest. The author was noticed.
Hitler kam zur Macht. Das Regime bedeutete für Remarque Vernichtung. Seine Bücher wurden schon verbrannt. Deshalb musste er emigrieren. Seit 1929 lebte er in den USA. Er machte sich hier mit anderen deutschen Schriftstellern und Künstlern bekannt. Nach dem Krieg lebte er mit seiner Frau bis zu seinem Tod 1970 in der Schweiz. Für seine Werke erhielt er viele Auszeichnungen. Er war geehrt und geliebt, auch in Russland. Der bekannte Roman „Drei Kameraden“ gefällt auch heute vielen jungen Menschen.
Meanwhile, Hitler came to power. For Remarque this was dangerous. His anti-war books were already burned at the stake. Therefore he had to emigrate. Since 1929, the writer lived in the USA. Here he met other German writers and cultural figures. After the war, Remarque and his wife lived in Switzerland until his death in 1970. He received many awards for his works. He was loved and appreciated all over the world, including in Russia. The novel “Three Comrades” still arouses interest among young people.
Der Held des Romans Robert Lohkamp, ehemaliger Soldat, wie der Autor selbst, gehört zur sogenannten verlorenen Generation. Er kann seinen Platz im Leben nicht finden. Der Autor zeigt mit großer Wärme das schwere Leben einfacher Menschen in Deutschland der zwanziger Jahre. Es war Krise, keine Arbeit, kein Geld. Roberts Mädchen Pat war an Tuberkulöse erkrankt und starb. Robert konnte nichts tun, um sie zu retten. Er bleibt traurig und leer allein. Den Film nach diesem Roman haben viele Leute in unserem Land gesehen. Der Schriftsteller ist bei uns auch heute sehr populär.
The hero of the novel, Robert Lokamp, a former soldier, like the writer himself, personifies the lost generation. He cannot find his place in life. With great participation, the author shows the life of ordinary people in Germany in the 20s. It was a time of severe crisis. There was no work, no money. Robert's beloved girl Patricia fell ill with tuberculosis and died. Robert couldn't help her. He is left alone, alone and empty. The film based on the novel has been seen by many viewers in our country. The writer Erich Maria Remarque is still very popular in our country.
Wladimir Kaminer
Vladimir Kaminer
Dieser Name ist jetzt in den russischen Literaturkreisen nicht neu. Geboren ist er 1976, in Moscow. Dann hat er Russland verlassen. Deutschland ist seine neue Heimat, Wohnort ist Berlin. Er schreibt seine lebensfreue Erzählungen deutsch. Seine Helden sind einfache Leute deutscher Herkunft, die, so wie er selbst, in ihr historisches Heimatland zurückgekommen sind. In Russland ist sein erstes Buch Russendisko veröffentlicht.
This name is not new for Russian literary circles. He was born in 1976, in Moscow. Then he left Russia. Germany became his new homeland. Berlin became the place of residence. He writes his funny stories about life in German. His heroes are ordinary people, Russian Germans, who, like himself, decided to live in their historical homeland. The first book by Vladimir Russendisko was published in Russia.
Seine Mutter war früher Lehrerin, der Vater von Wladimir war in der russischen Binnenflotte beschäftigt. Wladimir musste den Wehrdienst durchmachen. Er war Zeuge davon, wie Hobbypilot Mathias Rust unerwartet auf dem Roten Platz landete. Dann studierte der junge Mann den Beruf Toningenieur und danach absolvierte die Dramaturgie-Abteilung am Institut für Theaterkunst. Schon damals veranstaltete er Parties mit Rock- für junge Berliner. Heute veröffentlicht Kaminer seine Erzählungen regelmäßig. W. Kaminer ist talentvoll und aktiv. Er moderiert Sendungen im Rundfunk, organisiert Veranstaltungen „Russendisko“ in einem Café. Seine Frau Olga kommt auch aus Russland.
His mother was formerly a teacher, his father worked in the Russian navy. Vladimir was supposed to serve in the Russian army. He witnessed the unexpected landing of amateur pilot Matthias Rust on Red Square. Then he studied the profession of a sound engineer, and also graduated from the Institute of Theater and received the profession of director. At the same time, he successfully held discos for rock lovers. Now V. Kaminer often publishes his stories in Germany. He is young and talented. He appears on the radio and organizes “Russendisko” discos in cafes. His wife Olga is also from Russia.
Goals:
- development of cognitive interest in the literature of the country of the language being studied;
- expanding the range of regional knowledge about the works of Goethe, Schiller and Heine;
- development of aesthetic views and feelings of students;
- teaching listening with a general scope of content;
- systematize lexical material and prepare students to report on the topic based on interdisciplinary connections.
Equipment: posters and stands dedicated to the work of great German classics, illustrations for their works, statements by famous people about the work of poets, lines from their works, an exhibition of works by poets, a cassette with musical works, a tape recorder.
Sayings about poets:
1. We were brought up on it, it is dear to us and has largely affected our development. (F. Dostoevsky about Schiller)
2. In the distant midnight light
I lived by your muse,
And for me my genius is Goethe
He was the peacemaker of life! (V. Zhukovsky)3. There is not the slightest possibility of denying the enchanting charm of Heine’s poetry. (D.I. Pisarev)
Catchphrases:
- Willst du die anderen verstehen, blick in dein eigenes Herz. (F.Schiller)
- Edel sei der Mensch, hilfsreich und gut. (J. W. Goethe)
- Wir wollen auf Erden gluecklich sein, und wollen nicht mehr darben. (H. Heine)
Introduction
Music is playing. Against the background of music, the teacher says the words:
Willkommen liebe Gaeste zu unserer Stunde der Poesie. Man lernt Deutsch in der ganzen Welt. Die deutsche Sprache ist eine Sprache der Kultur und der Wissenschaft. Wer kennt nicht die grossen deutschen Dichter J.W.Goethe, F.Schiller, H.Heine? Ihre Dramen spielt man in allen Theatern der Welt. Wir schaetzen J.W.Goethe, F.Schiller, H.Heine als hervorragende Realisten und grosse Denker ihrer Zeit. Wir sprechen heute ueber ihre Schaffen. Die Werke von diesen Dichtern wurden von Lermontow, Tuettschew, Fet, Block uebersetzt.
Sprecher. J.W.Goethe wurde am 28. August 1749 in Frankfurt am Main geboren. Er erhielt eine gruendliche Bildung im Elternhaus. Goethe studierte an der Leipziger Universitat. In dieser Zeit schrieb er das Gedicht “Heidenroeslein”. Goethe widmete dieses Gedicht der Frau, die er liebte. Damals war er 22 Jahre alt.
Against the background of music, 2 students recite a poem by heart.
| Heidenroeslein(Goethe) Sah ein Knab ein Roslein stehn, |
Wild rose(D. Usov) The boy saw a rose |
Sprecher. Der junge Goethe liebte sehr die Natur. Er machte oft Wanderungen in die Berge, in den Wald. In vielen lyrischen Gedichten besingt Goethe die Schoenheit der Natur.
Against the background of music, students recite by heart the poems “Meeresstille”, “Gefunden” in German and Russian.
(For the poem “Gefunden”, see the appendix or on page 31 of I.L. Beam’s textbook “Steps 5”)
Sprecher. Goethe liebte es sehr nach Ilmenau zu fahren, um sich dort ein wenig zu erholen. Von heir aus wanderte er oft auf den Berg Kickelhahn, zu einem kleinen Haus im Walde. Da wohnte Goethe im Herbst 1783 acht Tage lang. In dieser Zeit erstand sein bekanntes Gedicht “Wanderers Nachtlied”. Goethe schrieb es mit Bleistift an die hoelzerne Wand des Hauschens:
Uber Allen Gipfeln
Ist Ruh,
In allen Wipfeln
Spuerest du
Kaum einen Hauch
Die Voglein schwiegen im Walde
Warte nur, balde
Ruhest du auch.
Die Lehrerin. Wunderschoen, nicht war? Es ist nicht leicht Poesie aus einer Sprache in die andere zu uebersetzen.Hort drei Uebersetzungen dieses Gedichten und sagt: “Welche Ubersetzung gefallt euch mehr? Warum?
(Students read translations of Russian poets and compare)
Die Musik zu diesem Gedicht schrieben beruehmte Komponisten A.Warlamow, A.Rubinstein, S. Tanejew, G.Swiridow, M.Ippolitow-Iwanow und andere.
(Students listen to the romance “Mountain Peaks” in Russian.)
Sprecher. J.W.Goethe interessierte sich nur fuer Poesie, sondern auch fuer Kunst. Er schuf viele Dramen und Prosawerke. Sein grosstes Werk ist die Tragodie “Faust”, an dem der geniale Dichter fast sein ganzes Leben lang (1774-1831) gearbeitet hat. Hier versucht Goethe die Grundfragen des menschlichen daseins zu loesen. Die Grundidee des ganzen Werkes kann man aus Fausts letztem Monolog verstehen: (Against the background of music, students read the monologue by heart in German and Russian.)
Faust findet zum Schluss das hoechste Ziel des Lebens in der Arbeit fur das Glueck des freien werktaetigen Menschheit. Der grosse russische Dichter A.S. Puschkin sagte, dass “Faust” die grosste Schoepfung des poetischen Geistes ist.
Die Lehrerin. J.W. Goethe interessierte auch fuer Sprachen. Der junge Goethe lernte nicht nur Deutsch, Latein und Italienisch, sondern auch Englisch, Griechisch und Franzoesisch Um diese Sprachen gut zu erlernen,schrieb er Briefe in allen diesen Sprachen an sich selbst. Er erfand dazu ein Rollenspiel. (Listening. Text from the textbook. Conversation based on what you listened to.)
Sprecher. Goethe hatte vielseitige Interesse. In Goethes Wohnhaus kann man auch wissenschaftliche Sammlungen zur Geologie, Mineralogie und Botanik sehen. Allgemein bekannt ist seine grosse liebe fur Malerei und Musik. Der grosse Goethe starb im Alter von 83 Jahren in Weimar, wo er am Hofe des Herzogs lebte. Goethe war hier als Staatsmann taetig.
Die Lehrerin. In Weimar vor dem Nationalgalerie steht das Goethe-Schiller Denkmal. Dieses Denkmal symbolisiert die Freundschaft zwischen Goethe und Schiller.
Sprecher. Friedrich Schiller wurde in dem kleinen suddeutschen Stadchen Marbach am Neckar geboren. Er war 10 Jahre junger als Goethe. Der Junge war begabt und lernte fleissig. Er lebte zu einer Zeit, da Deutschland in mehr als 300 kleine Staaten zersplittert war. Ueberall herrschte feudaler Despotismus und Tyrannei.Das erfuhr auch Schiller frueh genug. Schillers Vater war Arztgehilfe beim Militar. Mit 13 Jahren musste er gegen seinen Willen auf die Militarschule des Herzogs von Wurtenberg gehen, um dort Medizin zu studieren. Auf der Schule herrschte strengste Disziplin. Man musste kein offenes Wort reden. In dieser Schule lernte junger Schiller den Despotismus hassen. Friedrich Schiller schrieb viele Gedichte, Balladen, Dramen. Seine Werke widmete Schiller dem Menschen, dem Glueck, der Liebe. Darunter sind zwei Gedichte: “Die Hoffnung” und “Das Maedchen aus der Fremde”. (Students read these poems by heart against the background of music)
Die Hoffnung (F. Schiller)
Es reden und traumen die Menschen viel
von besseren kuenftigen Tagen.
Nach einem gluecklichen, goldenen Ziel
sieht man sie nennen und jagen.
Die Welt wird alt und wird wieder jueng,
doch der Mensch hofft immer Verbesserung.
| Das Maedchen aus der Fremde
(F. Schiller) In einem Tal bei armen Hirten Sie war nicht in dem Tal geboren, Sie brachte Blumen mit und Fruechte, Und teilte jedem eine Gabe, Willkommen waren alle Gaste, |
Virgo from a foreign land
(I. Mirimsky) Every year at the beginning of May, She lived in a foreign country, She brought with her And the boy and the old man with a stick, She gave whimsically |
Sprecher. Auf der Militarschule entstand Schillers erstes Drama “Die Rauber”. Schiller war damals 22 Jahre alt. “Gegen die Tyrannen!” stand auf dem Titelblatt des Werkes. Das war der Kampfruf, mit dem der junge Dichter in die Welt trat. Nach der Auffuehrung der “Rauber” musste Schiller die Heimat verlassen. Er fuehrte ein schweres Leben in der Fremde. Niemand wollte die “Rauber” druecken. Da musste Schiller Geld borgen und das Drama auf eigene Kosten erscheinen lassen. Das Titelblatt zeigte einen Loewen, der gegen die Tyrannen aufspringt. Die Erstauffuhrung seiner “Rauber” war im Mannheimer Nationaltheater.
Sprecher. Fur sein Drama “Kabale und Liebe” (“Cunning and Love”) entnahm Schiller den Stoff der deutschen Wirklichkeit seiner Zeit. Ferdinand, der Sohn des Hofprasidenten eines deutschen Herzogstums, liebt Luise, die Tochter eines einfachen Burgers, und will sie trotzt des Standenunterschiedes heiraten. Der Prasident will seinen Sohn mit der Geliebten des Herzogs verheiraten, um sich dadurch die Gunst des Herzogs zu erhalten. An der Kabale des Hofes gehen Ferdinand und Luise zu Grunde.
Schoenungslos entlarvte Schiller in diesem Drama die Zustaende im feudalen Deutschland. (Speech by a literature teacher about the history, the time of creation of the works “Cunning and Love” and “William Tell”, about the plot and main characters of these works.)
Die Lehrerin: In seinem Drama “Wilchelm Tell” (1804) zeigt Schiller, wie die Einheit im Kampf des Volkes gegen die Tyrannei geboren ist. Dieses Gedicht ist aus diesem Drama. Students recite the poem “Jaegerliedchen” and its translation by heart. (See Appendix or in the Beam textbook “Steps 5”, page 32)
Die letzten Jahre seines Lebens verbrachte Schiller in Weimar. In dieses Jahr waren Goethe und Schiller in herzlicher Freundschaft verbunden. Friedrich Schiller starb nach langer, schwerer Krankheit am 9. May 1805.
Sprecher. Eine besondere Rolle in der deutschen Literatur spielte der grosse Dichter Heinrich Heine. Er wurde am 13.Dezember 1797 in Dusseldorf am Main geboren. Sein Vater war Kaufmann. Als Heine das Gymnasium beendet hatte, schickte man ihn nach Hamburg. Dort sollte er im Geschaeft seines reichen Onkels den Beruf des Kaufmanns erlernen. Aber Heinrich hatte andere Wuensche: er interessierte sich fuer Literatur, Kunst und Politik. Und der Onkel gab ihm die Moeglichkeit zu studieren. Heine studierte in Bohn, spaeter in Goettingen und Berlin. In diesen Jahren schrieb er seine ersten Gedichte, mit denen er grossen Erfolg hatte. Im Jahre 1821 erschien sein “Buch der Lieder”, dass die Heimat, die Natur und die Liebe besang. (Students recite by heart the poems “Ein Fichtenbaum”, “Leise zieht durch mein Gemut” and the translation by M. Lermontov)
(For the poem “Leise zieht durch mein Gemut” see the appendix or in the Bim textbook “Steps 5”, p. 81)
Sprecher. Schon in frueher Jugend interessierte sich Heine fuer Maerchen und Volkssagen. Am Rhein gibt es viele alte Sagen. Dort horte Heine auch die Sage von der “Lorelei” – das ist der Name einer Nixe, die im Rhein wohnt. Wie die Sage berichtet, sitzt die Lorelei manchmal an schoenen Sommerabenden hoch oben auf einem Berg ueber dem Rhein. Sie singt wundervolle Lieder. Viele Fischer schauten zu ihr nach oben, hoerten den Gesang der Lorelei, fuehren mit ihren Schiffen auf ein Riff auf und fanden im Wasser den Tod. Diese alte Sage von der Lorelei hat Heine in Gedichtform niedergeschrieben. Sein Gedicht “Lorelei” wurde von vielen russischen Dichtern uebersetzt. (The teacher reads the poem “Lorelei” by heart, and the students read the translation of Levik and Blok, then the students and the literature teacher compare and analyze the translations of the three poets, compare the image of Lorelei in the legend and in Heine’s poem).
(For Lorelei’s poem, see the appendix or in the textbook by I.L. Beam “Steps 4” pp. 205-206)
Das Gedicht “Lorelei” gehort zu den besten Werken der deutschen Lyrik. Die Sprache dieses Gedichtes ist sehr melodisch. Friedrich Silcher komponierte Musik zu Heines Gedicht. Als Lied ist das Werk in aller Welt sehr bekannt.
(Everyone listens to the song “Lorelei”, those who wish sing together)
Sprecher. Viele Heines Werke waren eine scharfe Satire auf das damalige Deutschland. Sie wurden in Deutschland verboten. Im Jahre 1831 verliess Heine Deutschland und fuhr nach Paris. Hier lebte er bis zu seinem Tode. Damals erschien das satirische Poem “Deutschland. Ein Wintermarchen”, in dem Heine nicht nur die bestehende Gesellschaftsordnung kritisiert, sondern auch von einer revolutionaren Umgestaltung Deutschlands spricht. In Paris schrieb er das Gedicht ueber seine Bedeutung als Dichter. Er spielt in diesem Gedicht auf die politische Situation in Deutschland an.
(Against the background of music, students read Heine’s poem and Levick’s translation)
| Wenn ich an deinem Hause (H. Heine) Wenn ich an deinem Hause |
When it's your lane (V. Levik) When it's your lane |
Die letzten Jahre seines Lebens war Heine schwer krank und konnte das Bett nicht verlassen. Er starb am 27.Februar 1856. H.Heine kaempfte als Dichter und Publizist gegen die feudale Gesellschaftsordnung, fur das Glueck des Volkes.
(Against the background of music, the student reads the “Hymn” by heart in German and Russian)
Die Lehrerin. Die Werke von Goethe, Schiller und Heine haben ihre Bedeutung auch heute nicht verloren. Sie sind sehr aktuell. Auch heute lassen ihre Werke die Herzen aller Menschen schlagen. Unsere Stunde der Poesie ist zu Ende. Vielen Dank fur eure active Teilnahme in der Stunde. (Students answered quiz questions about the life and work of poets in the next lesson).
Application
| LORELEI(Heinrich Heine) Ich wei? nicht, was soll es bedeuten, Gefunden(Goethe) Ich ging im Walde Jaegerliedchen (Fr. Schiller) Mit dem Pfeil, dem Bogen Leise zieht durch mein Gemut (H. Heine) Leise zieht durch mein Gemut |
Lorelei (A. Blok) I don't know what this means Found(I. Mirimsky) I wandered through the forest... Song of the Gunner (O. Mandelstam) With bow and quiver Kling hinaus bis an das Haus, |
P.S. The letter e is printed instead of an umlaut.
German literature has given the world many wonderful writers. The names of many of them remained in the history of literature. The works of these authors are studied at schools and universities. These are famous German writers whose names everyone knows, even if they are not familiar with their works. However, most of the names of their works are also familiar to reading people.
Goethe is one of the most famous writers in the whole world. His full name is Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. He was not only a poet, but also a natural scientist, a great thinker and statesman. He was born in 1749 and lived 82 years. Goethe wrote poems and comedies. He is known throughout the world as the author of the book “The Sorrows of Young Werther.” The story of how this work greatly influenced the minds of young people - Goethe's contemporaries - is widely known. And a wave of suicides swept across Germany. The young men imitated the main character of the work - Werther - and committed suicide because of unhappy love. A volume of The Sorrows of Young Werther was found in the pockets of many of the young suicides.
Wilhelm Heinse is an equally talented writer, but for the most part he is known only to literary scholars and philologists. In Russia he is known from the novel “Ardingello and the Blessed Islands” translated by Petrovsky. Born in 1746, died in 1803. And only in 1838 the collected works of Heinze were published.
German children's writers of the 18th century
Everyone read or listened to the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm in childhood. Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm are German writers known to everyone since childhood. In addition to writing fairy tales, they were also linguists and researchers of their national culture. In addition, the brothers are considered the founders of scientific German studies and German philology. They were born one year apart: Jacob in 1785, and Wilhelm in 1786. Jacob outlived his brother by four years. Fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm are loved by children of all nations. Many, as they say, grew up on their “Musicians of Bremen”, “Snow White” and “Little Red Riding Hood”.
19th century writers
Nietzsche is one of the first whose name comes to mind when thinking about German writers of the 19th century. Few people read his works, but many have heard of him and his philosophy. The author's full name is Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche. He was born in 1844 and lived 56 years. He was not only a writer, but also a philosopher and philologist. Unfortunately, his creative activity ended in 1889 due to illness, and he gained popularity as a writer only after his death. The key work of Nietzsche's work is the book Thus Spake Zarathustra.
Theodore Storm is another 19th century writer. He is both a poet and a prose writer. Storm was born in 1817 and lived for 70 years. Storm's most famous works are the short stories “Angelika” and “The Rider on a White Horse.”
20th century in German literature
Heinrich Böll is the Nobel Prize laureate for 1972. He was born in 1917 and wrote stories and poems from early childhood. However, he began publishing his works only in 1947. In Bell's adult prose there is a lot about the war and post-war problems. Since he himself survived the war and was even captured. More famous are Bell's collections of stories "Not Just for Christmas", "When the War Began" and "When the War Ended", as well as the novel "Where Have You Been, Adam?" In 1992, Böll’s novel “The Angel Was Silent” was published; it was translated into Russian in 2001. Previously, the author himself dismantled it into a series of stories for the sake of a fee, since he and his family needed money.
Remarque is also one of the most famous writers. Erich Maria Remarque took the middle name for his pseudonym in honor of his mother. He was born in 1898, in 1916 he was sent to fight on the Western Front, was seriously wounded, and spent a lot of time in the hospital. All of his main novels are anti-war, for this reason the Nazis even banned his books. The most famous novels are All Quiet on the Western Front, Three Comrades, Borrowed Life, Arc de Triomphe and Love Thy Neighbor.
Franz Kafka is Austrian, but is considered one of the major German-language authors. His books are unique in their absurdism. Most of them were published posthumously. He was born in 1883 and died of tuberculosis in 1924. His collections are famous: “Punishments”, “Contemplation” and “The Hunger”. As well as the novels “The Castle” and “The Trial”.
German writers made a great contribution to world literature. The list of names can be continued for a long time. It is worth adding two more names.
Mann Brothers
Heinrich Mann and Thomas Mann are brothers, both famous German writers. Heinrich Mann - prose writer, born in 1871, worked in the book trade and publishing. In 1953, the Berlin Academy of Arts established the annual Heinrich Mann Prize. His most famous works are “Master Gnus”, “The Promised Land”, “The Young Years of King Henry IV” and “The Mature Years of King Henry IV”.
Paul Thomas Mann was 4 years younger than his brother. He is a Nobel laureate. His literary activity began with the creation of the magazine “Spring Thunderstorm”. Then he wrote articles for the magazine “XX Century”, which was published by his brother. Thomas became famous with the novel Buddenbrooks. He wrote it based on the history of his own family. His other famous novels are Doctor Faustus and The Magic Mountain.
Herta Müller (Herta Muller) is an author of novels and other works, as well as a representative of a social movement of German origin, born in 1953 into the family of “Banat Swabians” - a German-speaking minority in Romania. She completed her studies at the university in Timisoara (Romania), after which she worked in production as a translator, however, having refused to cooperate with the police, she was soon left without work.
In 1982, Müller published her debut book, Lowlands" in their native language in Romania. The work was subjected to strict censorship and was literally redrawn from top to bottom. In 1984, the book was published in its entirety in Germany. The book “The Lowlands” subsequently received a number of prestigious literary awards.
Muller is the author of not only major novels, but also poems and essays. She is also known as a photographer and artist. Hertha Müller always placed the main emphasis in her works on her own experience of restriction of freedom, violence, repression important events from memory. She also writes about people’s reluctance to know about important but difficult moments in life.
Müller is a member of the German Academy of Language and Poetry. The writer's works are translated into a number of European languages, as well as into the languages of Japan and China. In 2008, a collection of works by Hertha Müller entitled "The King Bows and Kills" was included by the Swedish Writers' Union in the top ten good books modernity, written by representatives of the fair sex. A year later, Mueller was sentenced Nobel Prize according to the literature with justification: “Describes the lives of the disadvantaged with focus in poetry and sincerity in prose.”
Anetta Pent creates in the genre of deep lyrical prose. According to many, it leaves almost no one indifferent. The writer was born in Cologne in 1967. In 2001, her first novel was published, entitled “Ich muß los” (“I have to go”). He brought the writer Mara Cassens Award.
A year later, Pent was awarded the jury prize at the Klagenfurt Literary Competition. At the competition she presented an excerpt from the novel "Island 34"
. In 2008, the writer was awarded Prize named after Thaddeus Troll. Now one of the most read novels by the author is “You can get used to each other without words, it won’t take long at all.”
Arnold Stadler - writer, translator of German origin, also known for his essays. During the period of his work, the writer received a number of prestigious awards, including Georg Büchner, Hermann Hesse and Kleist Prize. Stadler's work has been repeatedly noted by the most famous German critics and intellectuals; his talent was also noted by Martin Walser.
Stadler is one of the most successful and famous writers of the current century. He is the author of such famous novels as “Once Upon a Time I Was,” “Death and I, We Two”
and others. His novel "Once by day, and maybe by night"
is rightfully recognized as one of the most beautiful, sad and sublime works in the world. The work tells the story of a photographer who tried to stop the moment and how he lost himself in these attempts.
Daniel Kelman is one of the most famous German and Austrian writers of the so-called “new wave”. The writer's prose is built on subtle irony, in which he comprehends new horizons of literature and plays on all the clichés existing in literature. In his works Kelman " is being played"at the same time rich in plot and discussions about deep philosophical problems. The development of the writer was influenced by Latin American works with a share of “magical realism” and the fiction of Prague writers such as Kubin and Peruts.
Kelman's first novel was published in 1997, while he was still studying at the University of Vienna. At the same time, Kelman began collaborating with major German media such as Frankfurter Rundschau and Süddeutsche Zeitung.
Kelmann is now a member of the Mainz Academy of Sciences and Letters and the German Academy of Language and Literature. Also, the writer teaches poetry to students at German universities. He is the winner of a number of prestigious literary awards: “ Candide", prizes from the Konrad Adenauer, Kleist, Jaimito Doderer and many others societies.
- another representative of German modern literature, began his journey while still practicing at the university, where he studied to become a lawyer. In 1983 he released his first novel "Bed" , in which he describes the life of a child Jewish origin, who had to escape from Frankfurt. The novel was warmly received by critics, who noted the original, but at the same time strict and elegant style of storytelling.
Mosebach writes his works in almost any genre. His “arsenal” includes novels, poems, scripts, and articles about art. The general public fell in love with the author at the turn of the century, when he published novel "The Long Night"
. Mosebach writes all his novels while in “exile”—he has no contact with the outside world for several months.
In 2007, Mosebach was awarded Georg Büchner Prize, A novel "The Moon and the Girl" nominated for the German Book Prize.
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