All mushrooms are divided into two categories: edible and inedible. How to draw a mushroom? The shape largely depends on its variety. A mushroom is not always the usual stem with a cap attached on top, because they come in the form of a fan, a hoof, a star, a ball, a bowl, and even a coral. Among the edible ones, the most common are: milk mushrooms, chanterelles, russula, boletus and white. A a prominent representative Fly agaric and toadstool are considered poisonous.

Porcini

Inedible

Children's example

Fly agarics

Chanterelles

Realistic

Porcini

Let's try to look at the technology of how to draw mushrooms step by step. Take a pencil and, with a slight movement of your hand, draw the boundaries of the earth using curves and lines. In the middle of the sheet we begin to draw a leg. It consists of two parts: the lower one is wide, which widens slightly towards the root, and the upper one with a skirt tapers towards the top. The stem should occupy one third of the sheet. Let's move on to the hat: the upper part resembles the outline of an umbrella, but with uneven edges, and closer to the foreground you need to make two notches.

Now you need to take a pencil with a harder lead and draw all the lines, adding individual strokes. So, you will have to arrange several grains of sand on the ground, and draw three small and two large circles on the hat. We make the notches in the form of a cracked part of the mushroom, shading it in the middle.

To give the image volume it is necessary to in the right places add chiaroscuro. So, in front of the mushroom, to the left and a little behind, we create a small shadow area, since the main part will be located to the right of the mushroom. We darken the leg with horizontal strokes (they are parallel, but slightly angled) to the left and in front of the border of the skirt and hat. In the upper part, chiaroscuro is needed on the left and along the edges of the hat's skirt.

Inedible mushrooms

After practicing on a simple and familiar image of a mushroom, you can move on to a group composition and consider how to draw a mushroom with a pencil using a complex and step-by-step technology. We roughly divide the worksheet into three parts, and start drawing from the middle one. Draw two vertical lines, which are located slightly at an angle so that the straight lines diverge upward. Under these skeletons of future mushrooms we draw small horizontal lines. All movements must be smooth so that the pattern is barely visible.

We set the boundaries of the caps: for the larger line we make a wide surface, and for the smaller one – a rounded one.

We design all the elements in more detail. To do this, movements must be smooth and zigzag.

Let's move on to the design of the earth's surface. We draw blades of grass near the legs, and lower a leaf in front of the large mushroom.

Now we change the pencil to a harder one and draw boundaries, increasing the number of blades of grass.

Let's move on to the hats: on each you need to make a lot of circles (regular and Not correct form) so that they cover the entire surface.

After this, you need to decorate the mushroom stems: add two or three vertical strokes to the left and right of the border, not forgetting to draw a few in the center. Draw the veins of the leaf.

We work with grass. It is necessary to make it voluminous and increase the number of small elements.

The next step is the volume of the hat. To do this, you need to trace each circle along the contour again, adding chiaroscuro in different places.

The last stage is coloring. Using the fine shading technique, go through all the elements of the composition and shade. It should be remembered that the darkest area should be the cap, the grass should be slightly lighter, and the lightest should be the lower part and the leaf.

Children's version of the mushroom

Not everyone will be able to immediately repeat the complex technology, so parents need to be told how to draw a mushroom to their child. Let's start with the hat. It should be wide and tall.

From the middle part of the bottom of the cap we draw two boundaries of the thick stem.

In the background we add a border to the hat's skirt.

To the left of the mushroom, draw the bottom of a small mushroom, directing the curves to the left.

We do the same on the other side of the mushroom, drawing the lines a little longer.

We place the same cap on the left one as on the large mushroom.

For the right element we draw only half of the surface, since it is hidden behind the large mushroom.

On foreground we draw the border of tooth-shaped grass.

All that remains is to color the drawing. The grass is green, the legs are pale yellow, the caps are red, but with white circles. A family of fly agarics came out.

Trio of poisonous fly agarics

Now you can carefully study how to draw a fly agaric. We start the work with two mushrooms of different sizes, tilting them in opposite directions so that there is empty space between them. Thin legs with skirts and triangle-shaped hats.

In the background between them we draw a long leg, drawing it high above them. Almost right next to the hat we draw the skirt. The top of the mushroom looks like a flat plate.

For a large fly agaric, you need to make a high cap, pulling it up in the form of a triangle.

We decorate the composition. It’s better to do this with colored pencils: we make the edges of the mushroom brown, the middle of the legs and the bottom of the skirt of a large hat are light brown, the hats are red with white circles. At the bottom we draw long and narrow grass.

Yellow fox

It's time to consider the technology for creating a completely different mushroom, the cap of which has a different shape. So, how to draw a fox? With a slight movement of the pencil we draw the outlines of the future mushroom. First, a horizontal line, through the middle of which the skeleton of the leg runs in the form of a curve. Now it needs to be limited on both sides by two more oblique lines, which will show the size of the lower element. Next, from the last element we draw two curves to the sides, which create the shape of a bowl. Draw the top rim of the cap in the form of a compressed circle.

Near the root we draw a piece of grass with sharp teeth. From the end of the stem we draw several curves along the bottom of the cap to its border.

We outline the mushroom with a dark brown pencil, painting it with a brown tint, leaving in some places areas for a light shade. We paint the grass green, framing it with a dark shade, and add separate highlights of light green color along the blades of grass.

White mushroom (complex option)

The following master class will tell you how to draw a porcini mushroom with a pencil in the most realistic way. We start with the skeleton: the horizontal line is the surface of the earth, the vertical line is the middle of the leg, half the circle is the cap.

We draw a leg, keeping the vertical strictly in the center. It should be wider at the bottom, tapering at the top. We make the top of the cap with humps, lengthening the lower part.

On the hat we draw circles of different sizes. We design the lower part of the skirt in the form of notches, duplicating another layer a little lower. We make a few strokes on the leg, and near the root we draw the boundaries of the blades of grass.

We draw lines, leaving small strokes untouched.

We add groups of strokes throughout the mushroom; on the stem we draw only vertical single ones. We draw the blades of grass in more detail.

To create a realistic hat, draw horizontal semicircles over its entire surface, interrupting them in the central part.

We do the same with the leg, but the lines should be directed not horizontally, but vertically.

Using fine hatching technology under different angles we paint the area of ​​grass and leaves.

Now you need to add small dots all over the surface.

The last stage is shading in the opposite direction. On the hat we draw it vertically, and on the stem horizontally.

Speech therapy classes with children are much more productive if you use special visual material. This is especially necessary when personal experience The baby (on the topic under discussion) is not too big. For example, preschoolers see mushrooms quite rarely and have vague ideas about their different types, so high-quality images of these “forest gifts” make it possible not only to develop children’s speech, but also to significantly enrich knowledge about the world around them and nature.

If you want to use pictures of mushrooms for activities with children, then you should consider several rules for their use:

• Give your child the opportunity to take a good look and study new images in each drawing, and only then use them for educational exercises or games.
• Pay attention to the quality of the pictures. It is best to use special speech therapy sets of illustrations produced for kindergarten, but you can also take realistic images from the Internet or use photographs.
• Be sure to select a variety of handouts - both subject pictures and plot ones. The first are small cards with single images of mushrooms, and the second are illustrations of a real (hedgehog with mushrooms) or fairy-tale (series of pictures Under a mushroom) situation on the topic. For the development of speech in preschoolers, both types of visual material are necessary.
• Any illustration for classes must be made in a realistic manner, accurately repeating all the elements external structure one or another object.
• It is most convenient to use cards with names that older preschoolers can read themselves.
• Mushroom images on transparent background significantly expand the possibilities of using them when composing stories.

Cards by Glen Doman on the topic “Mushrooms”:

Tasks

There are so many representatives of this natural kingdom that each species allows you to offer your child special tasks. To do this, of course, you need to choose suitable pictures with mushrooms for children, as close as possible to natural ones.

Russula

• What color are the caps of these mushrooms?
• Explain what their name says?

• Count: one honey fungus - two honey mushrooms - three...
• Think and tell us why honey mushrooms are often called “friendly”?

• Compare the fox and the fox. How is the chanterelle mushroom similar to the red animal?
• What kind of fox can you see in the kitchen? (fried, boiled, pickled, dried, salted, fresh)

• Where does boletus like to grow most? Which tree “gave” its name to him?
• What can you call a grove in which only aspen boletuses grow? (aspen, aspen)

boletus

• What happens if you pull out mushrooms by the roots, rather than trim them with a knife? Why can't this be done?
• In which forest can boletus be found most often (in a birch grove, in a birch forest).

Boletus (white mushroom)

• Describe appearance Boletus
• Explain why it is also called “white”?
• Can someone hide under a mushroom if it has grown very large?

• Why can't you pick fly agarics?
• Which ones haven't yet edible mushrooms You know?

Death cap

• Tell us about what poisonous mushrooms are and why pale toadstools are considered so dangerous for people?
• Why doesn't anyone pick up harmful mushrooms?

Games

Different pictures of mushrooms for children allow you to conduct many different kinds of speech therapy games. Here are some examples:

• Collecting mushrooms

Each player chooses one picture of a mushroom and tries to describe it external features. If the other player guesses right, the card goes to him. The one who collects the most pictures wins.

• How are we similar?

An adult chooses two cards (boletus-boletus, white-boletus, russula-fly agaric) and invites the children to see as many differences between them as possible. The last one to answer wins.

• Cheerful cooks

Invite the children to “cook” lunch for their different edible mushrooms, known to them. Everyone must choose one picture and name a dish that can be prepared with one or another mushroom (for example: porcini mushroom soup, pickled boletus, boletus mushrooms in sour cream, salted milk mushrooms, etc.

• Oh, what a honey fungus we have!

The image of any mushroom is transmitted from one player to another. Everyone names one of its signs, distinctive features external building. The winner is the participant who can see and name some detail last.

• Tales from storytellers

Ask each player to choose one specially selected picture of a mushroom for children. Then everyone has to come up with short story about your character. Tell about his character, habits, activities. For example, Borovik is the king of all mushrooms in the forest, he is strict and important, busy with government affairs from morning to evening, loves to play football and play the balalaika. Older preschoolers can be asked to come up (in a circle) with a whole story about the mushroom kingdom; everyone can draw illustrations for the fairy tale together.

• Mosaic: find a piece

Make cut-out pictures from the cards and invite your child to assemble them. You can use drawings of poisonous and edible mushrooms for this game.

• Full basket

Invite your child to select several cards (he will need a small basket for this), memorize them well and repeat all the names by heart without looking into the basket again. Each player can try to become a mushroom picker by collecting their own set of cards.

Puzzles

It is very useful to teach riddles on a chosen topic with children. This helps not only to train the preschooler’s memory and attention, but also significantly increases it lexicon, and also allows you to automate difficult sounds. Here is a selection of suitable riddles called Basket of Mushrooms for Kids:

Coloring pages

Coloring pictures is very important for the development of a baby’s fine motor skills, for his speech development. Younger preschoolers should be offered larger, simpler outline images of the most famous mushrooms(white, fly agaric), and for older children it would be more correct to select drawings with miniature honey mushrooms, chanterelles, and russula. Make sure that children do the work only with pencils; it is this condition that ensures the value of coloring books.

How to draw mushrooms easily? Tips for Beginning Artists

How to draw edible mushrooms with a pencil step by step for beginners and children?

To draw edible mushrooms step by step, it is enough to be able to draw simple geometric figures: circle, oval, triangle. A mushroom whose cap resembles a hemisphere is drawn like this:

In a circle, draw an oval that will be the bottom of the cap and an oval that will be the stem of the mushroom.

Remove unnecessary lines with an eraser and color the mushroom with pencils or paints. Mushrooms whose caps resemble a cone can be drawn like this:

• Draw a triangle, point up
• Draw an oval that will be the bottom edge of the cap and an oval that will be the stem of the mushroom

Now erase the unnecessary lines with an eraser and color the mushroom. You can add leaves or grass to the design.

If you need to draw mushrooms whose caps look like funnels, then you will need to draw a triangle with the top down.

If the edge of the mushroom cap is wavy, draw along the oval line wavy line, and remove the auxiliary one with an eraser. All that remains is to color the mushroom with pencils or paints.

If you don't use a compass or ruler and the figures turn out to be of irregular geometric shape, this will only add naturalism to your drawings. After all, it is difficult to find mushrooms in nature that have the correct geometric shape. Their caps and legs come in the most bizarre shapes.

How to draw saffron mushroom, chanterelle, white, morel, boletus mushroom with a pencil and paints?

To draw a camelina mushroom:

• Do with a simple pencil, an oval that will be the mushroom cap
• Then draw the cone-shaped bottom part of the cap
• Draw a leg and use strokes to indicate on the cap that it is concave

The shape of the cap of the saffron milk cap resembles a deep saucer. Add leaves, grass and small mushrooms. Color with pencil or paints. The recess in the center of the cap needs to be painted more dark color or shade it a little with a black pencil.

Photo: saffron mushroom and its painting with paints

To draw chanterelle mushroom using geometric shapes:

• Draw a triangle with the cone pointing downwards
• Draw a leg that thickens towards the top with two straight lines.
• Draw an oval, which will be the mushroom cap.
• Use a wavy line to indicate that the cap has uneven edges.
• Smooth out sharp corners and remove unnecessary lines

The edges of this mushroom's cap are slightly curved downwards and may be zigzag-shaped.

Draw small details in black or gray pencil and color with paints or pencils.

Real mushroom pickers go for mushrooms early in the morning. And even if there are only a few mushrooms, a wonderful walk in the forest is guaranteed to everyone without exception.

Chanterelle mushroom: photo

Paint White mushroom simpler than other mushrooms because it has a regular geometric shape.

• Draw a semicircular hat
• Finish drawing the thick leg
• Color with pencils or paints

And this way you can draw a porcini mushroom using circles and ovals.

White mushroom can rarely be found in the forest. But real mushroom pickers return with " quiet hunt"with these beautiful mushrooms in baskets.

The king of mushrooms is the porcini mushroom

has a bizarre, irregular shape. It is difficult to draw because you need to draw each of its holes separately.

If you come across this mushroom in the forest, do not pass by it. This is a delicious edible mushroom.

Photo: morel mushroom

boletus mushroom has a thick and long leg, a wide but not massive cap. Its leg is covered with small gray or brown scales. To draw a boletus mushroom, novice artists can use the step-by-step drawing method.

• Draw a circle
• Above the center of the circle inside, draw an oval, which will be the mushroom cap.
• Add a small oval that will be where the cap meets the stem.
• Now let's draw a long but wide leg
• Removing auxiliary lines
• Add scales to the stem and color the mushroom with pencils or paints

The boletus grows in sunlit clearings, ravines and forest edges. It can rarely be found in the wilderness.

Boletus mushroom: photo

Drawings of edible mushrooms for children with names: photo

Mushrooms can inspire artists to paint and gardeners to create living tree sculptures. This is what mushroom trees look like.

Mushrooms love to draw young artists. They can be realistic and fabulous, large and very small. In the picture below, there are a lot of small porcini mushrooms that children collect.

But in the next picture porcini mushrooms are depicted close-up. To create the same beautiful and realistic picture, you will need colored crayons.

This is how you can draw a boletus mushroom. This mushroom may have a grayish or brownish cap.

Below is another drawing in which mushrooms are the central part of the composition. Mushrooms grow on it in a magical way, fairy forest. Apparently this is a mushroom family: mother and daughter.

Professional artist painted a white mushroom close-up. This mushroom is edible. Such a giant can be cut down and taken with you.

And the poisonous fly agaric mushrooms look so beautiful. You should not put these mushrooms in baskets and it is better not to touch them with your hands. You can simply admire such beauty and look for edible mushrooms in the forest. You should know these mushrooms by sight and not collect mushrooms in baskets if you doubt whether it is edible or not.

VIDEO: How to draw mushrooms?

The best way to independently learn to recognize edible and inedible mushrooms is to familiarize yourself with their names, descriptions and photos. Of course, it is better if you walk through the forest several times with an experienced mushroom picker, or show your catch at home, but everyone needs to learn to distinguish between real and false mushrooms.

You will find the names of mushrooms in alphabetical order, their descriptions and photos in this article, which you can later use as a guide to mushroom growing.

Types of mushrooms

The species diversity of fungi is very wide, so there is a strict classification of these forest inhabitants (Figure 1).

So, according to edibility they are divided into:

• Edible (white, boletus, champignon, chanterelle, etc.);
• Conditionally edible (dubovik, greenfinch, veselka, milk mushroom, line);
• Poisonous (satanic, toadstool, fly agaric).

In addition, they are usually divided according to the type of bottom of the cap. According to this classification, they are tubular (outwardly reminiscent of a porous sponge) and lamellar (on inside caps are clearly visible plates). The first group includes boletus, boletus, boletus and aspen. The second includes saffron milk caps, milk mushrooms, chanterelles, honey mushrooms and russula. Separate group considered morels, which include morels and truffles.

Figure 1. Classification of edible varieties

It is also customary to divide them according to nutritional value. According to this classification, they are of four types:

Since there are so many types, we will give the names of the most popular ones with their pictures. The best edible mushrooms with photos and names are given in the video.

Edible mushrooms: photos and names

Edible varieties include those that can be freely eaten fresh, dried and boiled. They have high taste qualities, and you can distinguish an edible specimen from an inedible one in the forest by the color and shape of the fruiting body, smell and some characteristic features.

Figure 2. Popular edible species: 1 - white, 2 - oyster mushroom, 3 - oyster mushroom, 4 - chanterelle

We offer a list of the most popular edible mushrooms with photos and names(Figure 2 and 3):

• White mushroom (boletus)- the most valuable find for a mushroom picker. It has a massive light stem, and the color of the cap can vary from cream to dark brown, depending on the region of growth. When broken, the flesh does not change color and has a light nutty aroma. It comes in several types: birch, pine and oak. All of them are similar in external characteristics and are suitable for food.
• Oyster mushroom: royal, pulmonary, carob and lemon, grows mainly on trees. Moreover, you can collect it not only in the forest, but also at home, by sowing the mycelium on logs or stumps.
• Volnushki, white and pink, have a cap pressed in the center, the diameter of which can reach 8 cm. The volushka has a sweet, pleasant smell, and at the break the fruiting body begins to secrete sticky sticky juice. They can be found not only in the forest, but also in open areas.
• Chanterelles- most often they are bright yellow, but there are also light-colored species (white chanterelle). They have a cylindrical stem that widens upward, and an irregularly shaped cap that is slightly pressed into the middle.
• Oiler There are also several types (real, cedar, deciduous, grainy, white, yellow-brown, painted, red-red, red, gray, etc.). The most common is considered to be the true oiler, which grows on sandy soils in deciduous forests. The cap is flat, with a small tubercle in the middle, and characteristic feature- slimy skin that is easily separated from the pulp.
• Honey mushrooms, meadow, autumn, summer and winter, belong to edible varieties that are very easy to collect, as they grow in large colonies on tree trunks and stumps. The color of honey mushroom may vary depending on the region of growth and species, but, as a rule, its shade varies from cream to light brown. Feature edible honey mushrooms - the presence of a ring on the stem, which false doubles do not have.
• Boletus belong to the tubular family: they have a thick stem and a regularly shaped cap, the color of which differs depending on the species from cream to yellow and dark brown.
• Saffron milk caps- bright, beautiful and tasty, which can be found in coniferous forests. The hat is regular in shape, flat or funnel-shaped. The stem is cylindrical and dense, matching the color of the cap. The pulp is orange, but when exposed to air it quickly turns green and begins to secrete juice with a pronounced smell of pine resin. The smell is pleasant, and the taste of its flesh is slightly spicy.

Figure 3. The best edible mushrooms: 1 - butterfly, 2 - honey mushrooms, 3 - aspen mushrooms, 4 - saffron milk caps

Edible varieties also include champignons, shiitakes, russula, truffles and many other species that are not so much of interest to mushroom pickers. However, it should be remembered that almost every edible variety has a poisonous counterpart, the names and features of which we will consider below.

Conditionally edible

There are slightly fewer conditionally edible varieties, and they are suitable for consumption only after special heat treatment. Depending on the variety, it must either be boiled for a long time, periodically changing the water, or simply soaked in clean water, squeeze and cook.

The most popular conditionally edible varieties include(Figure 4):

1. Gruzd- a variety with dense pulp, which is quite suitable for eating, although in Western countries milk mushrooms are considered inedible. They are usually soaked to remove bitterness, then salted and pickled.
2. Row green (greenfinch) distinctly different from others green legs and caps, which is preserved even after heat treatment.
3. Morels- conditionally edible specimens with unusual shape cap and thick stem. It is recommended to eat them only after careful heat treatment.

Figure 4. Conditionally edible varieties: 1 - milk mushroom, 2 - greenfinch, 3 - morels

Some types of truffles, russula and fly agarics are also classified as conditionally edible. But there is one thing important rule, which should be followed when collecting any mushrooms, including conditionally edible ones: if you have even slight doubts about edibility, it is better to leave the catch in the forest.

Inedible mushrooms: photos and names

Inedible species include species that are not eaten due to health hazards, poor taste and too hard flesh. Many members of this category are completely poisonous (lethal) to humans, while others can cause hallucinations or mild illness.

It is worth avoiding such inedible specimens(with photos and names in Figure 5):

1. Death cap- the most dangerous inhabitant of the forest, since even a small part of it can cause death. Despite the fact that it grows in almost all forests, it is quite difficult to meet. Outwardly, it is absolutely proportional and very attractive: young specimens have a spherical cap with a slight greenish tint; with age it turns white and elongates. Pale toadstools are often confused with young floats (conditionally edible mushrooms), champignons and russula, and since one large specimen can easily poison several adults, if there is the slightest doubt, it is better not to put a suspicious or dubious specimen in the basket.
2. Red fly agaric, is probably familiar to everyone. It is very beautiful, with a bright red cap covered with white spots. Can grow either singly or in groups.
3. Satanic- one of the most common doubles porcini mushroom. It can be easily distinguished by its light cap and brightly colored leg, which is not typical for boletus mushrooms.

Figure 5. Dangerous inedible varieties: 1 - toadstool, 2 - red fly agaric, 3 - satanic mushroom

In fact, every edible doppelgänger has a false doppelgänger that masquerades as the real one and can end up in the basket of an inexperienced silent hunter. But, in fact, the greatest mortal danger is the pale grebe.

Note: Not only the fruiting bodies of pale toadstools themselves are considered poisonous, but even their mycelium and spores, therefore it is strictly forbidden to even put them in a basket.

Most inedible varieties cause abdominal pain and symptoms of severe poisoning, and the person only needs medical attention. In addition, many inedible varieties are distinguished by their unattractive appearance and poor taste, so they can only be eaten by accident. However, you should always be aware of the danger of poisoning, and carefully review all the loot you bring from the forest.

The most dangerous inedible mushrooms are described in detail in the video.

The main difference between hallucinogenic drugs and other types is that they have a psychotropic effect. Their action is in many ways similar to narcotic substances Therefore, their intentional collection and use is punishable by criminal liability.

Common hallucinogenic varieties include(Figure 6):

1. Fly agaric red- a common inhabitant of deciduous forests. In ancient times, tinctures and decoctions from it were used as an antiseptic, immunomodulatory agent and intoxicant for various rituals among the peoples of Siberia. However, it is not recommended to eat it, not so much because of the hallucination effect, but because of severe poisoning.
2. Stropharia shit got its name from the fact that it grows directly on piles of feces. Representatives of the variety are small, with brown caps, sometimes with a shiny and sticky surface.
3. Paneolus campanulata (bell-shaped asshole) also grows mainly on soils fertilized with manure, but can also be found simply on swampy plains. The color of the cap and stem is from white to gray, the flesh is gray.
4. Stropharia blue-green prefers the stumps of coniferous trees, growing on them singly or in groups. You won't be able to eat it by accident, as it has a very unpleasant taste. In Europe, this stropharia is considered edible and is even bred on farms, while in the USA it is considered poisonous due to several deaths.

Figure 6. Common hallucinogenic varieties: 1 - red fly agaric, 2 - stropharia shit, 3 - paneolus bell-shaped, 4 - blue-green stropharia

Most hallucinogenic species grow in places where edible species simply will not take root (overly swampy soils, completely rotten tree stumps and piles of manure). In addition, they are small, mostly on thin legs, so it is difficult to confuse them with edible ones.

Poisonous mushrooms: photos and names

All poisonous varieties are in one way or another similar to edible ones (Figure 7). Even the deadly pale grebe, especially young specimens, can be confused with russula.

For example, there are several boletus doubles - Le Gal boletus, beautiful and purple, which differ from the real ones by the too bright color of the stem or cap, as well as unpleasant smell pulp. There are also varieties that are easily confused with honey mushrooms or russula (for example, fiber and govorushka). Gall is similar to white, but its pulp has a very bitter taste.

Figure 7. Poisonous counterparts: 1 - purple boletus, 2 - gall mushroom, 3 - royal fly agaric, 4 - yellow-skinned champignon

There are also poisonous doubles of honey mushrooms, which differ from the real ones in the absence of a leathery skirt on the leg. Poisonous varieties include fly agarics: toadstool, panther, red, royal, stinking and white. Cobwebs are easily disguised as russula, saffron milk caps or boletuses.

There are several types of poisonous champignons. For example, the yellow-skinned one is easy to confuse with a regular edible specimen, but when cooked it gives off a pronounced unpleasant odor.

Unusual mushrooms of the world: names

Despite the fact that Russia is truly a mushroom country, very unusual specimens can be found not only here, but throughout the world.

We offer you several options for unusual edible and poisonous varieties with photos and names(Figure 8):

1. Blue- bright azure color. Found in India and New Zealand. Despite the fact that its toxicity has been little studied, it is not recommended to eat it.
2. Bleeding tooth- a very bitter variety that is theoretically edible, but its unattractive appearance and poor taste make it unsuitable for food. Found in North America, Iran, Korea and some European countries.
3. bird's Nest- an unusual New Zealand variety that really resembles a bird’s nest in shape. Inside the fruiting body there are spores that spread around under the influence of rainwater.
4. Comb blackberry also found in Russia. Its taste is similar to shrimp meat, and its appearance resembles a shaggy heap. Unfortunately, it is rare and is listed in the Red Book, so it is grown mainly artificially.
5. Giant golovach - distant relative champignon. It is also edible, but only young specimens with white flesh. Found everywhere in deciduous forests, fields and meadows.
6. Devil's Cigar- not only very beautiful, but also a rare variety that is found only in Texas and several regions of Japan.

Figure 8. The most unusual mushrooms in the world: 1 - blue, 2 - bleeding tooth, 3 - bird's nest, 4 - combed blackberry, 5 - giant bighead, 6 - devil's cigar

Another unusual representative is the cerebral tremors, which is found mainly in temperate climates. You cannot eat it, as it is deadly poisonous. We have provided a far from complete list of unusual varieties, since specimens of strange shape and color are found all over the world. Unfortunately, most of them are inedible.

An overview of unusual mushrooms of the world is given in the video.

Plate and tubular: names

All mushrooms are divided into lamellar and tubular, depending on the type of pulp on the cap. If it resembles a sponge, it is tubular, and if stripes are visible under the cap, then it is plate-like.

The most well-known representative tubular is considered white, but this group also includes boletus, boletus and boletus. Perhaps everyone has seen the lamellar one: it is the most common champignon, but it is among the lamellar varieties that there are the most poisonous ones. Among the edible representatives are russula, saffron milk caps, honey mushrooms and chanterelles.

Number of mushroom species on earth

The article describes in detail the process of drawing mushrooms with a pencil. It will interest those people who are interested in drawing or who still dream of learning how to draw. This master class will also be useful for parents who want to get their children interested in drawing and teach them how to draw.

Many inexperienced artists think about how to draw mushrooms. To correctly draw mushrooms with a pencil and then color them, you can consider the beautiful and clear photos, which can be found in encyclopedias and educational magazines. Or you can draw mushrooms in the forest from life, if possible. In nature, it is most convenient to make sketches with a simple pencil or pen, and you can color them at home.

Before you draw a mushroom you need to prepare:

1. Liner;
2. Pencil;
3. Pencils of various shades;
4. Eraser;
5. Landscape sheet.

It’s better to draw mushrooms step by step:

1. Draw the stems of three mushrooms and a line to represent the ground.

2. Sketch the mushroom caps. For now, the mushrooms look like hammers, but this is just a sketch; later the drawing will become more realistic.

3. Draw the cap of the extreme fungus.

4. Draw the bottom of the large mushroom cap.

5. Draw the top of the mushroom cap.

6. Draw the cap of the last fungus.

7. Draw blades of grass and a leaf lying on the cap of one of the mushrooms.

8. Outline the image with a liner.

9. Use an eraser to remove the pencil sketch.

10. Color the cap and fungus of the small mushroom. When coloring and drawing mushrooms, take into account the features of their structure. For example, in this case, russula are depicted, the caps of which come in different shades. The caps of porcini mushrooms can be colored Brown color, and not yellow or red. And fly agarics, for example, have a characteristic “skirt” on their legs.

11. Color the cap of a large mushroom using yellow, brown and red tones of pencils.

12. Shade the bottom of the mushroom cap and its stem with pencils in gray and brown shades.

13. Color the third mushroom with the same colors as the big one.

14. Color the grass and the leaf with a green pencil.

The drawing of forest mushrooms is ready. It will also not be difficult for children to draw mushrooms, especially if their parents help them. Kids will certainly enjoy coloring mushrooms not only with pencils, but also with felt-tip pens or paints.

We invite you and your children to to our School of Painting “Art People Project”!