100 years ago, on June 12, 1912 (May 30, Old Art.), near the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, a monument to the Russian Emperor Alexander III was unveiled by the sculptor Alexander Mikhailovich Opekushin (1838 - 1923), known to Muscovites for the monument to Pushkin, Catherine II in the Moscow City Duma , monument to Alexander II in the Kremlin.

On October 20, 1894, at the age of 49, the emperor died in Livadia Alexander III. In the same year, a nationwide subscription was announced for the construction of a monument to him in Moscow, of which Nicholas II notified his uncle, the Governor-General of Moscow, Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich, in a letter. The Tsar wrote: “Your Imperial Highness. I have given permission to open a nationwide subscription for the construction of a monument to My Unforgettable Parent, Emperor Alexander III, the Great Peacemaker. Deeply convinced that all of Russia and with it its heart, the mother capital, strives for the speedy construction of the monument in a worthy manner to honor the memory of my good Father, I have now taken the trouble to form a Special Committee to collect donations and subsequently carry out work on the construction of the monument, the chairman of which I call upon you, as the Moscow Governor-General, your most loving Nephew, St. Petersburg, on the 9th. December 1894."

The Moscow architect, author of the Upper Trading Rows (now GUM) A. N. Pomerantsev was involved in the implementation of the project that won the competition as the chief architect, and the engineer-architect K. A. Greinert was appointed to carry out the work. Work on the monument began in 1900 and lasted almost 12 years. During this time, about two and a half million rubles were collected by subscription. The place for the installation of the monument was chosen by Nicholas II himself near the Cathedral of Christ the Savior from the Moscow River - on Prechistenskaya Embankment. Bronze Alexander III should face Zamoskvorechye.

The act of acceptance of the monument was signed on Christmas Day. The opening was scheduled for May 30, 1912, although work on installing the monument ended much earlier. Lawns had already been laid out on the site near the monument, and flower planting was in full swing.

To prevent Muscovites from seeing the monument to the Tsar-Liberator in advance, it was covered with a huge canvas. Nevertheless, the “acquaintance” of the residents of the capital with the bronze Alexander III took place somewhat earlier than the opening day: the canvas covering the figure of the king was torn off by the wind. Efficient photographers managed to capture it and publish their pictures in some publications.

Celebrations in Moscow on the occasion of the opening of the monument to Alexander III lasted three days. On May 29, Nicholas II and his wife Alexandra Feodorovna came out to the people on the Red Porch in the Kremlin.

The central day is May 30, 1912, opening of the monument. It was a celebration of unprecedented scale, pre-planned by the Ministry of the Court of His Imperial Majesty. In addition to the empress and sovereign, the celebrations were attended by members of the State Council, the State Duma, senators, generals, admirals, ladies-in-waiting and state ladies, provincial and district leaders and representatives of the nobility, Moscow and provincial authorities, representatives of the estates and public organizations, deputations from educational institutions. Such a high-profile congress of guests to Moscow has not been observed since the coronation of Nicholas II.

The people announced the beginning of the celebrations with five shots from the Tainitskaya Tower of the Kremlin, which were fired at eight o’clock in the morning. Troops lined up near the monument. By ten o'clock, Emperor Nicholas II, accompanied by his retinue, arrived from the Kremlin at the entrance to the temple with his mother Dowager Empress Maria Feodorovna, as well as with his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, heir Tsarevich Alexei and daughters Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia. They were met by His Eminence Vladimir (Epiphany), Metropolitan of Moscow and Kolomna, who performed the liturgy in the church. Under bell ringing the surrounding churches began religious procession. A thanksgiving service with kneeling took place at the monument. After the proclamation of eternal memory to Emperor Alexander III, at the command of Nicholas II, the troops saluted. The celebration was given special solemnity by 360 salvos of fireworks and the performance of the Preobrazhensky March. Then the covering was removed from the monument. Metropolitan Vladimir sprinkled the monument with holy water and proclaimed many years to the Russian army and loyal subjects.

After the inspection of the monument by members of the imperial family, the comrade of the chairman of the committee for the construction of the monument, Chamberlain A.G. Bulygin, read the text of the act on the transfer of the monument to the jurisdiction of the Moscow city government.

86 wreaths were laid at the monument, including wreaths from 80 Russian and foreign delegations. In the evening the city and the monument were illuminated.

The colossal figure of the emperor, almost 10 arshins high (one arshin is equal to 0.711 m), was cast according to the model of A. M. Opekushin in St. Petersburg at the plant of A. P. Moran’s successors. Then the statue was delivered to Moscow, where, under the leadership of the author, the installation of the monument was carried out on the spot. A clear idea of ​​the size of the statue is given by the following fact: the head of the bronze emperor was five times larger than the natural one, that is, it was almost human height. Note that against the backdrop of the giant temple, the monument did not seem bulky.

The sculptor depicted Alexander III sitting on the throne, with all the royal regalia. The emperor's head was decorated with a crown. IN right hand he was holding a scepter. On the left is the power. The figure was dressed in porphyry (mantle), one end of which was lowered onto a pedestal of red polished granite with the inscription: “To the Most Pious, Most Autocratic Great Sovereign, Our Emperor Alexander Alexandrovich of all Russia. 1881-1894.” The bottom of the pedestal was surrounded by a bronze belt consisting of 16 coats of arms of all the kingdoms and principalities mentioned in the title of Alexander III. On the ledge of the basement there were four bronze crowned double-headed eagles with outstretched wings (author sculptor A. L. Ober). The granite pedestal with huge griffins was very beautiful. The majestic lanterns with four and seven globes were so powerful that one could read near them even at night. The two altars above the stairs and the entire staircase leading to the Moscow River embankment were impressive. It was made of granite, framed with marble and decorated with a spectacular balustrade, two rounded flights going down to the embankment.

Some idea of ​​the work of A. M. Opekushin on the monument to the Tsar-Peacemaker is given by letters preserved in the manuscript collection of the Russian state library. On September 12, 1903, the son of the sculptor Alexander Mikhailovich Vladimir writes to his father’s brother: “The figure of Emperor Alexander III is being worked on, dad has finished sculpting the entire body himself, the head is almost ready, now his assistant is applying the purple, (...) then dad will begin to finish the purple himself.” The further history of the creation of the monument can be traced in a note published in the Petersburg Newspaper: “An old man with gray hair like a harrier lives in own home on Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt (in St. Petersburg - O.D.). There is also his workshop in a separate building, where Opekushin works from morning until late evening. Journalists visited Opekushin. He is at work.

“I’m restoring the head,” he pointed to a huge model with a royal crown on its head. - Everything was ready, but the head slipped out of the worker’s hands and broke into pieces. I had to do all the work again."

And here’s what Opekushin himself wrote about this to his brother in Rybnitsa: “The thing is: molding the statue (the monument to Alexander II in Moscow - O.D.) the sculptors tortured me, instead of three months, as they promised, they are taking eight, and God willing , so that in November it could be cast in bronze. Eight people worked, and you will understand how much it cost, in addition to the materials and various expenses. And in addition, the barbarians smashed the king’s head and the crown into pieces - we have to sculpt a new one.”

For the monument to the Tsar-Liberator in Moscow, the sculptor was given a lifelong pension in the amount of 3,000 rubles per year and was awarded the rank of actual state councilor (civil rank of 4th class in the Table of Ranks). This title gave the right to hereditary nobility and was equivalent to the director of a department, governor, and mayor.

In 1912, in memory of the opening of the monument to Alexander, a medal, a memorial ruble and a bronze token depicting a portrait of the emperor and his monument in Moscow were issued.

The life of this monument was short-lived. Having stood for only six years, shortly after the Soviet government moved from St. Petersburg to Moscow, in the summer of 1918, it was destroyed. The pedestal stood until the destruction of the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in 1931 (the new government planned to erect a monument to “Liberated Labor” on it).

Fortunately, the model of the monument has been preserved in the funds of the State Historical Museum. We can also see the image of the monument in numerous photographs and old postcards.

Celebrations on the occasion of the opening of the monument to Alexander III in Moscow continued on May 31. On this day, the opening of the Museum of Fine Arts named after Alexander III (now State Museum Fine Arts named after A.S. Pushkin), located near the Cathedral of Christ the Savior - on the other side of Volkhonka Street.

Despite the fact that Finland declared independence from Russia in 1917, monuments to Alexander I and Alexander II still stand in the country, and the name of the first (Aleksanterinkatu) is called not only one of the central streets of Helsinki, but also the largest city of Tampere, as well as Oulu, Lahti and Porvoo.

The preservation of the attributes of the past is explained not only by the Finns’ respect for history, but also by the contribution of the kings to the development of local statehood. Good attitude Even the Soviet-Finnish War of 1939-1940 could not spoil the relationship with the Russian emperors.

Under Swedish rule

The expansion of the Swedes into the Finnish lands began in the 12th century, as a result of which they became an integral part of the Kingdom of Sweden until 1809, without having any special status.

The local dialect was the language of the peasant common people, while educated townspeople and the nobility used Swedish. It is worth noting that it has state status to this day, and street names in Finland are still duplicated in two languages.

The Swedes also gave the Finns a religion: first Catholicism, and after the spread of reformation in the kingdom in the 16th century - Lutheranism, thanks to which the school system developed. The local level of education was quite high, and a university even appeared in the capital of the province, Abo (Turku), in 1640.

Nevertheless, the Finnish lands remained the backyard of the Kingdom of Sweden, which, since the time of Peter I, Russia began to actively encroach on: part of Karelia and Vyborg became Russian in early XVIII century. The close location to St. Petersburg played a role already in the middle of the century, when some Finnish nobles began to focus on their eastern neighbor when entering Russian service.

War for Finland

The Treaty of Tilsit concluded in 1807 between Alexander I and Napoleon allowed Russia to concentrate its attention on Sweden, a long-time geopolitical enemy. A participant in the Russian-Swedish War of 1808-1809, Thaddeus Bulgarin, who later became a prominent journalist and publisher, wrote that the border was located just a few military crossings from the capital, and this could not help but worry. “Without Finland, Russia was incomplete, as if unfinished,” he summed up.

Initially, the war was quite easy for the Russian army: southern Finland quickly fell, and the well-fortified fortress of Svaeborg (Suomenlinna) near Helsinki surrendered without a fight. However, military operations soon stalled, and Finnish partisans became more active.

One way or another, Russian troops managed to turn the tide of the campaign, leaving in 1809 frozen ice Gulf of Bothnia into Sweden. A coup took place in the country, as a result of which the military overthrew the current king, and the new authorities hastened to make peace with Russia.

Wide autonomy

As a result of the peace treaty concluded in Friedrichsham (Hamina), Sweden lost 40% land territory, losing Finland to Russia. Back in 1808, Alexander I promised the country broad autonomy, and shortly before the official end of the war, not far from the Russian border in the city of Borgo (Porvoo), a representation of the estates was convened, to which the tsar guaranteed the preservation of the constitution and laws.

The Russian government hesitated regarding the degree of autonomy of the new territories, but Alexander I's associate Mikhail Speransky insisted on significant independence for the region, declaring that "Finland is a state, not a province."

In 1810, the emperor wrote to the local governor-general that he wanted to provide “this people with a political existence, so that they would be considered not enslaved by Russia, but tied to it by their own obvious benefits, for this purpose not only their civil, but their political laws were preserved.”

The capital of Finland was moved closer to Russia: from Abo (Turku) to Helsingfors (Helsinki). In 1811, the Vyborg province, which historically was part of the Finnish lands captured before the Russian-Swedish War, was transferred to the autonomous region. In addition, the Grand Duchy of Finland was freed from all-Russian military service and received broad economic independence.

After coming under Russian protectorate, Finland gained a much greater degree of autonomy than under the Swedes. This is partly because Alexander I strategically believed that a loyal buffer territory on the border with a long-time geopolitical enemy was urgently needed by the empire.

Convocation of the Sejm

The situation in Finland did not change with the accession of Nicholas I, whom many researchers consider a conservative. When the emperor was asked to reduce the autonomy of the region, he replied: “Leave the Finns alone. This is the only province that has not caused me any concern or displeasure.”

The era of the reign of Alexander II, which changed the Russian Empire, seriously influenced Finland. In 1863, after a long break, a Sejm was convened in Helsingfors (Helsinki), which began to meet regularly. In memory of the restoration of parliamentarism, the Finns erected a monument to Alexander II in the main square of the capital in 1894.

During his reign, their own monetary system was introduced and schooling on native language. In addition, universities resumed teaching in Finnish, which had gradually become the official language since the 1860s. All this led to the emergence of a movement for the revival of national culture.

Attempts to limit autonomy

The idyllic relationship between the Russian Empire and the Grand Duchy of Finland lasted until the 1880s, when the government of Alexander III beginning gradually limit local rights.

A similar line was continued under Nicholas II: Finns began to be drafted into the imperial army, and the Russian language began to be introduced into office work. In the end, the Tsar's manifesto allowed the legislative initiatives of St. Petersburg to be implemented on the territory of Finland without the approval of the local Sejm.

This led to tension in the region and outbreaks of terror. In particular, in 1904, the Governor General of Finland Nikolai Bobrikov was killed by a Finnish nationalist. Along with this, throughout Russian Empire Centrifugal tendencies grew, which also affected Finland: the revolution of 1905-1907 spread to the country.

Huge Russia is famous not only for its enviable dimensions and beautiful nature, but also a large number historical monuments, marking all pages of the history of the state.

Russian monuments attract tourists to Moscow and St. Petersburg, forcing passersby to throw back their heads and admire the mighty pedestals and magnificent palaces. In order to see all the monuments, you will have to spend a decent amount of time on a tour throughout the country, because significant cultural monuments installed not only in major cities, but also in tiny “homey” towns. The most famous pedestals are, of course, located in cultural centers Russia, Moscow and St. Petersburg, so tourists most often direct their feet there. This article will list the most famous monuments in Russia, so that those interested can choose the most interesting and create their own tourist route in accordance with their location.

Great Kremlin: Tsar Bell

Here tourists can find two significant monuments: the Tsar Bell and the Tsar Cannon.

These monuments amaze not only with their size, but also with the interesting history of their creation. The Tsar Bell was born with light hand Empress Anna Ioannovna. Perhaps the Empress wanted to fit all her ambitions into the Tsar Bell, since when announcing the desired size of the monument, foreign masters seriously thought that the Empress was deigning to joke. Only the Motorin family took the Empress’s wish seriously. They had a lot of failures with the creation of the bell, since the approval of the project alone took three whole years. The first casting ended in complete collapse, which the elder Motorin could not stand. His son finally completed the job, and now the Tsar Bell proudly rises above the paving stones. However, despite huge amount effort, I never heard the voice.

Great Kremlin: Tsar Cannon

Russian monuments such as the Tsar Cannon, located on Ivanovskaya Square, attract tourists to the Kremlin area in any season of the year.

The Tsar Cannon was installed in honor of Russian artillery. Its mass is very impressive - almost 40 tons. It was originally created to guard the Kremlin, but it was then decided that its military power allowed it to savagely destroy walls rather than bravely defend them from the enemy. Like many military cultural monuments of Russia, the mighty Tsar Cannon never took part in hostilities, but still attracts tourists and local residents awe. They came up with this idea a beautiful legend, in which it was said that the Tsar Cannon did fire one shot, but not during combat operations. They say that the Tsar Cannon fired the ashes of False Dmitry, but there is no declared evidence for this assumption. In a sense, this monument has even become a household name, since even residents of the most remote hinterland have heard about it.

Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God

Some Russian cultural monuments can boast of entire collections of legends composed in their honor. For example, people have written many stories about the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God.

All these legends were passed on from mouth to mouth, so they were constantly embellished, and now it is no longer possible to understand which of this is true and which is embellished fiction. Previously, on the site of the Temple, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity stood. Over time, other small churches were built around it in honor of the victories of the Russian people. As a result, when about ten small churches had accumulated, Metropolitan Macarius suggested that Ivan the Terrible build one large temple in their place. The sanctuary was subjected to brutal attempts at destruction several times, but all of them were in vain. Services were banned there, only to be allowed again after some time. The Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God is located in Moscow and is a must-see for those who want to find out what monuments there are in Russia and what is really worth a look.

Peter and Paul Fortress and pages of the history of St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg is famous for its culture; there are even numerous jokes about it on the Internet.

Visitors expect refinement, politeness and extreme friendliness from St. Petersburg residents and are very indignant when their expectations are not met. There are many beautiful monuments of Russian culture in St. Petersburg. One of the most striking is the Peter and Paul Fortress. For tourists who dream of seeing best monuments architecture of Russia, you should definitely visit it. It is located in the very center of the city and is one of the main symbols of the history of the Russian land. WITH Peter and Paul Fortress The construction of the city began in 1703, so its walls were witnesses of all historical events that occurred on the territory of the city of Petra. In the center of the fortress you can see the beautiful Peter and Paul Cathedral, which hides the secrets of the history of the House of Romanov. Near the cathedral there is the Commandant's Cemetery, where many commandants of the Peter and Paul Fortress are buried.

"Millennium of Russia"

The monuments and sculptures of Russia amaze not only with their diversity and historical background, but also with the exceptional beauty of their execution.

The “Millennium of Russia” monument, located in Veliky Novgorod, was erected here in honor of the millennium of the calling of the Varangians to the territory of Rus'. The monument was erected in 1862, approximately in September. It is not a sin to say that this monument represents the entire history of Russia, along with its many glorious commanders, statesmen and representatives of the cultural world. Many patriotic Russians believe that the Millennium of Russia monument reflects the spirit of their great country. The monument itself is made in the form of a ball-power, which is installed on a special pedestal in the form of a bell or bell. Each part of this thematic monument symbolizes individual periods history of Russia, and the entire monument radiates pride in the country and symbolizes its greatness.

Polivanovo Estate: estate of famous families

Truly great monuments of Russia appeared on the territory of this state a very long time ago.

For example, the Polivanovo estate has stood on Russian soil since 1779. Next to the estate is the Church of the Annunciation, which witnessed the entire process of building the estate. The church was built in two years, and construction of the estate began after its construction was completed. The estate is located in the village of the same name, which got its name thanks to the glorious noble family Polivanov. Throughout its existence, the estate changed owners many times. The Dokhturovs, Saltykovs, Apraksins, Razumovskys, Davydovs and Gudovichs lived within its walls. Due to the fact that such famous families lived within the walls of the estate, the flow of tourists here does not dry out, gaining particular intensity in the warm season. The Polivanovo estate is not only beautiful in itself, but also located in an extremely picturesque area on the banks of the Pakhra.

Monument to Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson in Moscow

In addition to monuments glorifying the great power of Russia, there are also many cultural monuments honoring the masterpieces of the world cultural heritage. The monument to Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson appeared in the Russian capital quite recently, in 2007.

It so happened that it was installed just when Arthur Conan Doyle’s first book about the adventures of the famous detective celebrated its 120th anniversary. The British Embassy building is located not far from the monument, so tourists can experience the cultural authenticity of the monument if they wish. Despite this, the tourist’s attentive gaze will not escape the fact that Vitaly Solomin can also be discerned in the facial features of the characters depicted on the monument. They say that all problems will disappear overnight if you sit between two characters and put your hand on notebook Dr. Watson. Even though this belief was not justified, it is still worth trying to solve your problems so simply.

Great monuments of the great ruler

Monuments were erected in honor of the Russian ruler not only in Russia, but also in many European cities.

The most famous ones in Russia are located in St. Petersburg. Most often, tourists visit the monument with bright name“The Bronze Horseman”, which is familiar even to those who have never been to the city on the Neva. It has towered over Senate Square since 1782. Of course, many legends are associated with the Bronze Horseman, in particular about the St. Petersburg “mystical text.” Because of its duality and apparent surrealism, the imagination of the Russian people created the most incredible stories. The monument received its name thanks to the great writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in accordance with his work of the same name. You can read a lot and for a long time about the monuments of Russia, but it is best to look at them with your own eyes. Words on paper cannot convey the power and grandeur they radiate.

Remember Mr. Tsereteli? Spineless mediocrity, which, like water, will find its way under any government. The man disfigured Moscow under Luzhkov, and the man is not sitting idly by even now. What a time - such are the heroes. When it is not talent that is valued, but loyalty, when warm language in the right place is more important than quality. In such an environment, Tsereteli sculpted the Alley of Rulers for the Russian Military Historical Society. It was solemnly opened by the Minister of Culture of the Russian Federation Vladimir Medinsky and the Minister of Education Olga Vasilyeva.

Now there are 33 busts installed in the Alley, from Rurik to Kerensky, and by the end of the year 8 more should appear - from Lenin to Boris Yeltsin.

Vladimir Medinsky:

“For the first time in our history, we will be able to see successively the rulers of Rus' - from Rurik to the head of the Provisional Government - to see what they looked like, to read when they lived. We do not interrupt historical continuity here; our history is one and indivisible.”

In what - in what, and in this Vladimir Rostislavovich is absolutely right! Historical continuity is truly unbroken. And all thanks to Zurab Tsereteli, who simply stole and copied his bronze rulers from the works of 19th century sculptors.

01. Peter I looks like a head Bronze Horseman the work of Marie-Anne Collot (Falconet's student and assistant) is only remotely. But that's because this bust is a copy of a copy.

02. It turns out that Tsereteli borrowed a significant part of his works from Felix Chopin, who in the second half of the 19th century created a series of tabletop busts of Russian sovereigns in his own bronze foundry in St. Petersburg.

03. Chopin cast the bronze Peter directly from the head of Collot’s work.

04. Ivan the Terrible. Here, not only is the bust copied one after another, but also the signature is made with two spelling errors at once. The king's name, in theory, should be written as “Ioann”, but not “Noan”. And if the second “n” is in some historical texts, suppose they could throw it out, then the capital N is the letter “our”, that is, the same “N”. It turned out to be "Noan". More like pseudo-Russian inscriptions in Hollywood action films. How is this even possible?

05. For some reason, Ivan III was spelled correctly.

06. Boris Godunov is very faithfully copied)

07. Things didn’t work out so clearly with Mikhail Romanov. Quickie.

08. They put a toga on Paul I from Peter’s shoulders, so as not to bother with the uniform.

09. Peter III performed by Tsereteli, he acquired a somewhat Georgian appearance with expressive eyebrows and nose. Well, this is not surprising.

10. Why is the king naked? Yes, because he’s naked in the original, a-ha-ha! Casting the uniform turned out to be quite difficult.

11. Again, this is a copy of a copy. Chopin cast his tabletop Nicholas based on a bust by Christian Rauch (1841). Well, Tsereteli borrowed the image from Chopin.

12. There was not enough space for an inscription on the bust of Catherine I. It turned out to be some kind of guy Ekaterin. Like Lizavet Vorobey in Gogol’s “Dead Souls.”

UPD: A-A-A-A!! With this bust, everything is cooler than you can imagine! It turns out that Tsereteli copied the bust of Catherine II from the bust of Catherine I! Around the corner of the pedestal the inscription continues: "... on II." Just hell.

13. Due to the somewhat African facial features and enlightened look, someone might decide that this is the author’s vision of Haile Selassie. But no, this is a completely different monarch.

14. Alexander III lost a lot of weight. Either this is a portrait of the king after the crash of the imperial train, or there simply wasn’t enough bronze.

15. Alexander Nevsky. Also undersigned.

16. Vsevolod the Big Nest

17. Yaroslav the Wise

18. Something didn’t work out with Princess Olga for Zurab Konstantinovich. Maybe I'm just tired. I’m keeping quiet about the face and other details, but pay attention to how the chain lies on the ample chest. In the original it hangs as it should.

19. Ivan Kalita

20. Vasily II the Dark

Failure and disgrace... well, what did you want? Aspen trees will not produce oranges... Degradation is not only in power, but also in creativity. The lack of competition brings to the surface all sorts of shit that disfigures our cities. The court painters, sculptors and architects became mediocrities who knew how to make friends. They do not erect monuments to the rulers of Russia, they erect monuments to their theft, greed and mediocrity.

This year Russia celebrates 400th anniversary of the House of Romanov, the royal dynasty that ruled Russia for just over 300 years until 1917. We all learned something about the Rurikovichs and Romanovs from school curriculum, but we still get confused in a complex chain family ties, unwanted wives, poisoned or killed kings or pretenders to the royal throne.

In the year of the four hundredth anniversary of the election to reign of the Romanov dynasty in Moscow, a interesting monument the first and last tsar of the Romanov dynasty - Mikhail Fedorovich and Nicholas II. Both of them are holding in their hands “unifying” icon of the Feodorovskaya Mother of God, which was especially revered by the Romanov house. It is believed that the call to the kingdom of the young 17-year-old Mikhail Fedorovich after the Zemsky Council in 1613 was made with this icon. And since the end of the 18th century, foreign princesses marrying representatives of the Romanov family in honor of this icon they received the patronymic “Fedorovna”. But between these two kings there is a huge time gap, dozens of wars and the most important Russian events, 400 years of life of the family and the state.

It is no coincidence that the monument was erected precisely in the Novospassky Monastery, since this monastery is still from the 16th century it became the tomb of the ancestors of the Romanovs - the Zakharyevs-Yuryevs. And now the burial places of the ancestors of the first tsar of the Romanov family - Mikhail Fedorovich - are located in the tomb of the monastery, which we are visiting on our. Here, under the arches of the ancient Transfiguration Cathedral, rests the ashes of the man to whom the Romanovs owe their surname - Roman Yuryevich Zakharyin-Koshkin. It was his name “Roman” that was first taken as a surname by his grandson Fyodor Nikitovich, the father of the first tsar of the Romanov family, who later became Patriarch Filaret. That is, in fact, Mikhail Fedorovich, the founder of the dynasty, began to bear a surname made up of the name of his great-grandfather. It is no secret that in the old days surnames were mostly formed from the name of the father or grandfather. Like, whose son? - Romanov's son! In order not to get confused in the Romanovs-Zakharyevs-Yurievs-Koshkins, the simplest consideration turns out to be the following: Andrei Kobyla had a son, Fyodor Koshka - the Koshkins came from him; Koshkin had a son, Yuri - the Yuryevs descended from him; Yuriev had a son, Zakhary - from him came the Zakharyins; Zakharyin had a son, Roman - the Romanovs came from him! Sometimes used double surname named after his father and grandfather.

Vasily Yuryevich Koshkin-Zakharyin, Vasily, Alexander, Mikhail Romanov, nun Marfa - mother of Mikhail Fedorovich, nun Dosifeya - “real” Augusta Tarakanova. The remains of the Grand Duke and uncle of the last tsar of the Romanov family, Nicholas II, were transferred here to the Romanov family tomb in 1995. Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov, killed by the terrorist Kalyaev in 1905.

This monument to two kings and the royal dynasty in made in bronze by sculptors Denis Stritovich and Andrey Golubev and architect Alexey Denisov. It was completed at the family's personal expense Viktor Ivanovich Tyryshkin - current Russian entrepreneur and philanthropist, President of VIT Corporation LLC, engaged in housing construction. As if continuing the good old traditions of the monastery, which previously existed thanks to the effective help of parishioners, modern “merchants” are appearing today, engaged in patronage. In the future, it is planned to install a monument in more large size in front of the entrance to the Novospassky Monastery. This is the FIRST monument to the tsars erected in Moscow after the Soviet era!

IN anniversary year of the Romanov dynasty for the monastery in the city of Tutaev was made 1000-pound bell (over 16,000 kg), which was cast using donations collected throughout the year, as well as thanks to the head of the memory fund Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna - Olga Nikolaevna Romanova-Kulikovskaya - and the President of Rosserno CJSC Igor Mikhailovich Rudenya. The bell was cast at the bell foundry of Nikolai Shuvalov with a large crowd of people using old technologies. It depicts the holy royal martyrs, Archangel Michael, Holy Blessed Alexy and the Feodorovskaya Icon Mother of God. It is noteworthy that one of the bells of the Novospassky Monastery was cast on the orders of Peter the Great, who was reserved about matters of religion and did not have a special “love for monasteries.” That “Petrovsky” bell weighed 1,100 pounds, but was broken as a result of a fire in the 1820s. A new one was cast from the fragments, which sounded in the monastery before the revolution. Soon this new bell will be installed on a high bell tower, and it will spread its magical ringing throughout the area!

We recommend that you see all this with your own eyes, walk through this amazing ancient place where all our kings visited and learn many of its interesting secrets that have survived to this day, ! Come and See!