Spring fairy tale by A.N. Ostrovsky “The Snow Maiden” Features of the play.

“The Snow Maiden” is a fairy tale, a dream, a national legend, told in the magnificent verses of Ostrovsky...

K.S.Stanislavsky

Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich

OSTROVSKY Alexander Nikolaevich (1823 – 1886), Russian writer, playwright, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences (1863).

V. G. Perov. "Portrait of A. N. Ostrovsky." 1871 Tretyakov Gallery.

• reveal the features of the work and the main moral conflict plays, determine life values Berendeev, to identify the level of knowledge of the content and understanding of the fairy tale by students.

• “Snow Maiden” is amazing fairy tale, which shows the beauty of the surrounding world, love, nature, youth. Ostrovsky's play is an amazingly beautiful fusion of folklore and literature. Using the motifs of the folk tale about the snow girl, enriching them with scientific data about life, the playwright created an original “spring tale”, full of secrets, the splendor of the characters conveyed musical syllable and in truly Russian language.

1 group."Berendei".

Where there is love and advice, there is heaven, there is light; and quarrels and disputes are just nonsense.

Russian proverb.

2nd group."Snow Maiden".

• Let me perish, there is only one love

moment

• More dear to me are the years of melancholy and

A.N. Ostrovsky.

3rd group. "Lel."

• Through the beautiful - to the humane.

V. A. Sukhomlinsky.

• Multi-layering
• multi-genre
• eternal stories
• synthesis
• moral
• conflict

• Multi-layering
• multi-genre
• eternal stories
• synthesis
• moral
• conflict

• Morality (Ushakov's Dictionary)- a set of norms that determine human behavior in society.

• Conflict("Modern explanatory dictionary» ed. "Big Soviet Encyclopedia") is defined as a clash of sides, opinions, forces.

The main moral conflict of the work. Cross-sectional survey.

• Brusila and Berendey are timid.

Costume design, 1885 – 1886.

The unbreakable harmony of the eternal and harsh laws nature according to which human existence should proceed.

The reason for all the misfortunes of the land of the Berendeys is

in human selfishness, in the loss of human kinship,

in the loss of love and sense of beauty:

In the hearts of people I noticed that I was cooling

Considerable; fervor of love

I haven’t seen the Berendeys for a long time,

The service of beauty has disappeared in them.

In these words of the wise king it is revealed

the deep meaning of the play, where the ethical

the beauty of a person is determined

relationship with nature and others

A final words Berendey:

“Let us banish the last trace of cold from our souls and turn to the Sun” reveal the ideological basis of the entire play; they express Ostrovsky’s dream of a world free from cold, calculating people.

The playwright affirms the human right to a full spiritual life, expresses the dream of creating new forms of relationships between people, and freedom in love, its high appreciation, recognition of the best for it moral qualities, ennobling a person, is a significant condition for creating a happy state.

Filling out the table “Known, special, new.”

famous

special

new

• “The Snow Maiden” by A.N Ostrovsky, created for a festive performance and intended for a democratic viewer, is of great interest. This “multi-layered, multi-level work”, which contained a folk tale, an idea of ancient tribe Berendeev(Turkic nomads who lived in the southern Russian steppes (XI-XIII centuries); from 1146 they became vassals of Russian princes. The name in the chronicles disappears by the 13th century) , vintage calendar rituals, songs, spells.

• The poetic drama was based on one of eternal stories Russian folklore about how a beautiful girl, the Snow Maiden, comes into the world and dies from a ray of sunshine. And the closest source was the folk tale about the Snow Maiden, published in 1862 by the collector I.A. Khudyakov. The playwright very carefully read the work of the famous mythologist and folklorist A.N. Afanasyev: collection “Russian folk tales” (1826-1871) and study “Poetic views of the Slavs on nature” (1865-1869). The “borrowed” plot was just a reason for the birth original artistic concept.

V.M. Vasnetsov Berendeyevka

N. Roerich Yarilina Valley

The prototype of the Berendey kingdom was the Shchelykovo estate, acquired

playwright in 1867

In Berendey's kingdom intertwined real and fantastic. Here the images of Slavic paganism come to life: Spring-Red, Sun-Yarilo, Leshy, Lel (the son of the goddess of beauty and love Lada, the same as the Greek Eros or Roman Cupid), Father Frost (is the prototype of Veles, Studenets, Treskun, Morozko), Snow Maiden (Goddess of love Lada or Kastroma). Fairy-tale creatures communicate with real people: Mizgirem (spider, tarantula), Kupavoy ( « water lily, flower bud" (V.I. Dal)) The Berendeys commit their spring rites, folk songs are sung - “the same ones that, perhaps, once sounded on our land during the time of spring games, in distant pagan times.”

V.M. Vasnetsov Vesna-Krasna

N. Roerich Father Frost

In the play two main, independent, but united into a single

whole conflict: the first is the confrontation between Cold and Heat, Frost and

Yarily, the second - the own structure of the kingdom of the Berendeys. Both conflicts

are developing into a conflict in the area moral relations at the core, which wealth - poverty, love is cold.

• Special:

1. “Snow Maiden” is multilayer work, since the play included different genres folklore

Berendey- a tribe that lived in the XI-XIII centuries.

2. Multi-genre work.

The work was conceived in the “extravaganza” genre, fashionable in the 70s of the 19th century,

plays are masks.

3. B eternal plot of Russian folklore one that has existed for a long time regardless of its authors.

• 1862 collector I.A. Khudyakov published a fairy tale.

4. The fairy tale shows fairytale kingdom of the Berendeys, where the Snow Maiden came to live.

5. Synthesis of the real and the fantastic, that is, Slavic pagan deities communicate with real people.

6. Two main, independent, but united conflicts.

This is a conflict between Moroz and Yarila and a conflict within the Berendey kingdom.

Let's check the table “Known, special, new.”

• Known:

• “The Snow Maiden” was written on the plot of folk tales, it uses calendar poetry, sayings, proverbs, spells, songs, traditions and legends.
• Ostrovsky defined the genre as a lyrical “spring” fairy tale play, drama.
• Everyone knows the plot of the folk tale about how a beautiful snow maiden girl comes into the world and dies from a ray of sunlight.
• The basis of Berendey's kingdom is peace, freedom, conscience, harmony with nature, service to beauty human relations, fair laws.
• « water lily, flower bud" (V.I. Dal)).
• There are two conflicts in the play: the first is between Cold and Warmth, Frost and Yarila; the second - within the kingdom itself, as well as between the Berendeys and Mizgir as a resident of a foreign country.

Let's check the table “Known, special, new.”

• New:

• Berendeys are Turkic nomads who lived in the XI-XIII centuries in

southern Russian steppes.

2. “Extravaganza” - a festive fairy-tale performance, fashionable in the 70s of the 19th century.

A mask play is a combination of the most different texts: literary, dance, political - relatively free creativity author.

3. 1862 collector I.A. Khudyakov published a fairy tale.

1826-1871 A.N. Afanasyev published a fairy tale in the collection “Russian Folk Tales”.

1865-1869 A.N. Afanasyev in his work “Poetic Views of the Slavs on Nature” explored the fairy tale.

4. The fairy-tale kingdom of the Berendeys is Ostrovsky’s dream about a social future, about the peaceful life of the people, free from the power of arbitrariness and violence, about the fact that good must be done with one’s own hands.

5. Santa Claus is an image that combines the features of pagan gods: Veles, Varun, Student, Treskun, Morozk. The prototype of the Snow Maiden was the goddess of love Lada.

6. The conflict of the play develops into a conflict in the area of ​​moral relations at the core, which are wealth and poverty, love and cold.

Let's check the table “Known, special, new.”

famous

special

Russian folk tale, ancient calendar rituals, songs.

new

multi-layered work.

berendei

ancient tribe of Turkic nomads in the southern Russian steppes

Let's check the table “Known, special, new.”

Lyrical “spring” fairy tale play,

drama.

multi-genre work.

Extravaganza

festive fairytale performance

mask play

the combination of a wide variety of texts: literary, dance, musical, political - the relatively free creativity of the author. .

Let's check the table “Known, special, new.”

A beautiful girl, the Snow Maiden, comes into the world and dies from a ray of sunlight.

eternal Russian story

folklore

1862 collector I.A. Khudyakov

1826-1871 A.N.Afanasyev

collection “Russian folk tales”

1865-1869 A.N. Afanasyev “Poetic views of the Slavs on nature”

researched the fairy tale.

Let's check the table “Known, special, new.”

the basis is peace, freedom, conscience, harmony with nature, serving the beauty of human relations, fair laws.

fairytale kingdom of the Berendeys

the playwright’s dream about a social future, about the peaceful life of the people, free from the power of arbitrariness and violence, about the fact that good must be done with one’s own hands.

Let's check the table “Known, special, new.”

Slavic deities: Spring - Red, Sun - Yarilo, Leshy, Lel (son of the goddess of beauty and love Lada, the same as the Greek Eros or Roman Cupid) - communicate with real people: Mizgirem (spider, tarantula), Kupava ( « water lily, flower bud" (V.I. Dal))

WITH synthesis of the real and the fantastic

Santa Claus - Veles, Varun, Studenets, Treskun, Morozko (night, moon, stars, winter, frost, water, world of the dead).

Snow Maiden - Goddess of love Lada.

Let's check the table “Known, special, new.”

1. Confrontation

Cold and Warmth,

two main, independent, but united conflicts.

Moroz and Yarila.

conflict in the field of moral relations:

2. kingdom

wealth - poverty,

Berendeev-Mizgir

love is cold.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893) Russian composer

• P. I. Tchaikovsky while working on “The Snow Maiden” he wrote: “I’ve been sitting at work without getting up for about a month now; I'm writing music for a magic play

Ostrovsky's "The Snow Maiden" itself dramatic work he considered Ostrovsky’s creations a pearl, and said about his music for him: “This is one of my favorite creations.

It was a wonderful spring, I felt good in my soul... I liked Ostrovsky’s play, and in three weeks, without any effort, I wrote the music.”

Vasnetsov Viktor Mikhailovich (1846-1926) Russian painter

• And this poem “Snow Maiden” -

the best there is.

Russian prayer and wisdom, the wisdom of the prophet.

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov 1844 -1908 Russian composer

• “...I listened to the voices folk art and nature, took what he sang and suggested as the basis for his creativity.” N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov in the opera “The Snow Maiden” glorified the life of a people living in harmony with nature, showed wealth folk customs and rituals, without which the picture of fabulous Rus' would not be so colorful.

B.V. Asafiev wrote about “The Snow Maiden”: “The inspiration of Rimsky-Korsakov glows with an even light, but at other moments the music deepens to comprehend only the audible secrets and origins of life, about which the word, being bound by reality, involuntarily MUST be silent... It seems , the opera sounds all the mighty elements of Russian nature, the spirits and forces of which are an integral part of life and the people themselves - the inhabitants of the Berendey kingdom"

“In the winter of 1879-1880, I read The Snow Maiden and definitely saw its amazing beauty. I immediately wanted to write an opera based on this plot; I felt more and more in love with A.N. Ostrovsky’s fairy tale.”

Fragment from the opera by N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov"Snow Maiden". Scene of the Snow Maiden melting. “The Snow Maiden” by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov is “the delicate color of Russian opera.” B.V. Asafiev ( music critic). Compiling tests.

• 1 group."Berendei". Where there is love and advice, there is heaven, there is light; and quarrels and disputes, there is only nonsense (the image of Berendey’s kingdom).
• 2nd group."Snow Maiden". The image of the Snow Maiden as perceived by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov.
• 3 group. "Lel." Lel is the son of the Sun and the singer of love.

Homework

• Come up with and write down a “scary” story about some representative of lower Slavic mythology (mermaid, merman, goblin, brownie).

“Snow Maiden” - “spring fairy tale” by A.N. Ostrovsky. Written in March-August 1873. First publication: “Bulletin of Europe” (1873, No. 9). After finishing work on the play by A.N. Ostrovsky told N.A. Nekrasov: “In this work I go to new road" The novelty of the play, perceived as the playwright’s “entry to the historical galleries,” did not meet with unambiguous approval. I.S. Turgenev was “captivated by the beauty and lightness of the play’s language” and highly appreciated the poetry of national tradition contained in it. But those who valued Ostrovsky’s gift as a satirist and exposer were disappointed. Critics ironically noted the similarity of some motifs of the “spring tale” with the Shakespearean comedy “A Dream in summer night" The habit of perceiving Ostrovsky as a writer of everyday life of the “dark kingdom” led to the rejection of the “ghostly and meaningless” images of the play and the assessment of the Berendeys as “a people as stupid as they are fantastic” (V.P. Burenin).

The source of the poetic imagery of Ostrovsky’s play “The Snow Maiden” was Slavic mythology. The plot was based on a folk tale about a Snow Maiden girl (published by I.A. Khudyakov in 1862). Information about beliefs and religious ideas ancient Slavs Ostrovsky drew from basic research A.N. Afanasyev “Poetic views of the Slavs on nature” (1865-1869). Ritual songs, games, figurative motives of lyrical monologues were compiled from the recordings of folklorists and ethnographers A.V. Tereshchenko, T.I. Filippova, P.N. Rybnikova and others. Poetic size The playwright brought the songs of the guslar choir, which begins the second act, closer to the rhythm of the prose of “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” “The Snow Maiden” can be considered as a mythical and poetic prologue to Ostrovsky’s late drama, the result of his reflections on the spiritual foundations of Russian life. Author's definition genre as a “spring tale” gives the key to the content of the play about the spring of folk life.

The “initial”, “early” time of action is the right time Slavic tribe. The space of life of the Berendeys (the name is taken from the Tale of Bygone Years, but there it belongs to the allied Rus' Turkic tribe) spiritualized and animated, material and beautiful. This is the dawn of the universe - the golden age: “Merry are the cities in the land of the Berendeys, joyful are the songs in the groves and valleys / The kingdom of Berendey is red with peace.” The fabulously utopian Berendey kingdom is built on the principles of truth and love. The religion of the Berendeys is the “natural” religion of the people, for whom the work of the law is “written in their hearts” and is sacredly observed by everyone. Berendey acts as a wise and fair guardian of the law,” great king happy Berendeys,” “intercessor for all orphans,” “father of his land.”

Children of nature, the Berendeys live with her in happy harmony, joyfully obeying her basic law - the law of love: “Nature has invariably laid down the time of love for everyone...” Love for the Berendeys is the beginning of life; “ardor of love” is a necessary condition for its continuation. It ties together all the elements of the universe and ensures its epic balance. Ritual, ritual love is the earthly embodiment of the sacred marriage of earth and Heaven, the guarantee of the well-being of the Berendey kingdom. On sacred time (Yarilin's day) in a reserved forest, a marriage celebration is celebrated in honor of supreme deity Yarila: “There is no sacrifice more pleasing to Yarila!” Like children of nature, Berendeys are paganly indifferent to the “personal” principle in love. (This is especially noticeable in the impersonal affection of the “favorite of the sun” shepherd Lel, in the “love” of Elena the Beautiful, etc.) This is where the seed lies tragic conflict.

The appearance of the Snow Maiden among people threatens to destroy the natural order of life. The daughter of Spring and Frost, she does not “know love at all” and therefore, in the eyes of the Berendeys, she acts as a violator of natural law: “Every living thing in the world must love...”. The coldness of the heroine, her “unearthly” beauty gives rise to jealousy, abuse, and strife among the Berendeys. “There is a considerable chill in the hearts,” the religious “service to beauty” disappears, and the entire way of life of people is disrupted. In anger, Yarila knows no mercy and deprives the Berendeys of their blessed warmth: short summer“Year by year it becomes shorter, and the springs are colder...”

The seed of a tragic conflict sprouts when the “proud in spirit” Mizgir, captivated by the beauty of the Snow Maiden, cheats on the beautiful Kupava. This unheard-of violation of human law heralds the end of a carefree and problem-free golden age. The personal self-will of the love feeling encroaches on the very essence of the Berendeys’ religion of love. Mizgir and Snegurochka, alien to the tribal unity of the Berendeys, bring chaos and destruction to their harmonious and orderly existence. The “personal” comes into an insoluble contradiction with the “generic” and its destruction becomes inevitable. The Snow Maiden dies, having begged Mother Spring for the gift of love for the sake of joining the human race. Her “unearthly” beauty melted under the furious rays of the supreme patron of this world. Mizgir, “deceived by the gods,” dies, throwing himself into the lake from Yarilina Mountain: “If the gods are deceivers, it is not worth living in the world!”

Cruelty towards lawless manifestations of personal feelings is heard in the words of the reigning sage Berendey: “The Snow Maiden’s sad death and the terrible death of Mizgir cannot disturb us. The sun knows who to punish and have mercy on. A truthful judgment has taken place!..” The conflict between “law” and “will”, “one’s own” and “strangers” leads to the final catastrophe. This is how “the birth of tragedy from the spirit of the epic” occurs.

Ostrovsky's The Snow Maiden was first staged on May 11, 1873 at the Maly Theater (Moscow). The music for the play was written by P.I. Tchaikovsky. The title role was played by G.N. Fedotova. IN Alexandrinsky Theater(St. Petersburg) the play was staged for the first time on December 27, 1900 - at a benefit performance by K.A. Varlamov, who plays the role of Tsar Berendey. The title role was played by V.F. Komissarzhevskaya. Among other productions, noteworthy is the performance of the New Theater (Moscow), which premiered on September 8, 1900. Directed by A.P. Lensky's play sounded like a drama of love. IN Art Theater(Moscow) the play was staged by K.S. Stanislavsky (first performance - September 24, 1900, the role of Berendey was played by V.I. Kachalov).

In 1881 N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov wrote the opera “The Snow Maiden,” first staged on January 29, 1882 at the Mariinsky Theater (St. Petersburg), under the baton of conductor E.F. Napravnik. Among other productions of the opera, it should be noted the premiere on October 8, 1885 of the Private Russian Opera by S.I. Mamontova ( decoration performance - B.M. Vasnetsov, I.I. Levitan, K.A. Korovin). The first premiere of the opera took place at the Bolshoi Theater (Moscow) on January 26, 1893.

Material from the manual by Solovyova F.E. Workbook to the textbook “Literature. 8th grade." (compiled by G.S. Merkin): at 2 hours. Part 2 / F.E. Solovyov; edited by G.S. Merkina - M.: LLC " Russian word- textbook", 2013

Lessons 1 - 2. Brief information about A.N. Ostrovsky. Fairy tale play "The Snow Maiden". The originality of the plot. Connection with mythological and fairy tale traditions. Elements of folklore in a fairy tale.

1.Listen to the teacher’s message about A.N. Ostrovsky. Complete the second part of the table.

Biographical information	My comments on what I heard
Nikolai Fedorovich Ostrovsky, Lyubov Ivanovna Savvina - father and mother
Initial home education
In 1835 - 1840 - studied at the Moscow provincial (first) gymnasium
1840 - 1843 - studied at the Faculty of Law of Moscow University. Passion for theater
1843 - 1851 - service in court, first literary experiments
Themes of creativity of A.N. Ostrovsky

2. Make up questions for the textbook article “ Creative history plays “The Snow Maiden”

3.Write down the most characteristic features literary fairy tale.

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4. Relate the events of the fairy tale play with the events fairy tale. Fill out the third part of the table according to the sample. What are the similarities between the composition of a fairy tale and a fairy tale play by A.N. Ostrovsky?

Fairy tale composition		Events of the fairy tale play
Exposition	The reasons that gave rise to the plot: prohibition and violation of the ban on some actions	“Yarilo will burn it, incinerate it, melt it, I don’t know how, but it will kill. How long Her soul is pure as a child, He has no power to harm the Snow Maiden.” “Snow Maiden, run away from Lelya!”
The beginning	Main character or the heroine discovers a loss or shortage
Plot development	Finding what is lost or missing. Meeting with the donor
Climax	The protagonist or heroine fights an opposing force and always defeats or solves it difficult riddles
Denouement	Overcoming loss or shortage. Wedding and accession of the hero

5. Write down in the second part of the table the names of ritual songs, variations and arrangements based on the model.

Russian songs and rituals	Songs
Treatments and variations folk songs	“Birds gathered, singers gathered”; “What is it like for birds to live at sea”; “Strawberry-berry...”; “Khmelinushko, blade of stamen…”
Magical ritual associated with sowing, reaping and threshing the harvest
Folk songs, chants accompanying the Maslenitsa funeral ritual
Rituals associated with the celebration of Semik (Thursday in the seventh week after Easter)
Elements of the wedding ceremony

6.Name the sources that served as the basis for the creation of the fairy tale play.

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Lessons 3 - 4. Features of the play-fairy tale conflict. Berendey's kingdom in the play by A.N. Ostrovsky.

1. Write out phrases from Spring’s monologue in the Prologue that recreate the picture of the kingdom of the Berendeys.

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2.Make a brief description of the inhabitants of the Berendey kingdom and Tsar Berendey by filling out the fourth part of the table according to the sample.

Heroes	Name meaning	Quotes for commenting	Brief description heroes
Bobyl	A poor peasant who does not own land; lonely, lives among people as a backbencher or among farm laborers, watchmen, shepherds	Prologue, phenomenon 4; d.1, revelation 1 “And bow down, and I will break.” “I’m lazy myself, so there’s no point in blaming poverty. You wander around doing nothing all day long.”	They do not know how to appreciate beauty, they are envious, cunning, greedy, lazy, vain
Bobylikha	Bobylikha - Bobylya's wife; a homeless and poor widow living among people, in the backyards, outside the village	“What is your job! Who needs it! You won’t be rich from it, but only full; this way, without work, you can feed yourself on scraps of the world.” The heroes’ dream: “every day is a feast, every morning is a hangover”; “with the horns of a kika”, looking at which “the boyars would die of envy”
Murash	Ant, insect, a small type of ant, goosebump, found in residential buildings and kitchens	D.1, appearance 1 “Go ahead and deceive others with your bows; and we, my friend, know you quite well. What is taken care of is intact, they say"
Berendey and Berendey's kingdom	Berendei, nomadic tribe Turkic origin, mentioned in Russian chronicles from 1097 to the end of the 12th century. In connection with the invasion of the Mongol-Tatars in Rus' in early XIII century, part of the Berendeys went to Bulgaria and Hungary, the rest merged with the population of the Golden Horde	D.2, appearance 1 Dialogue between the king and Bermyata. D.2, appearance 2 “They steal a little, well-being is a great word, I haven’t seen it among the people for a long time.” “I noticed a considerable cooling in the hearts of people.” “Vanity, envy of other people’s outfits.” “Marital fidelity has lost a little of its inviolability and certainty”

3.What does Berendey see as the cause of misfortune?

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4. Write down a brief description of Lel, Kupava, Snegurochka, Mizgir in the fourth part of the table.

Heroes	Name meaning	Quotes for commenting	Brief description of the hero
Lel	The name of an ancient Russian god, compared to Cupid, Cupid. Some Slavic peoples spring was called Lyalya or Leleya	D.1, appearance 3 “You see, they are waiting for me and beckoning me with their hand. Let’s run around, joke, laugh, whisper near the road to the noise of the angry mothers on the sly.”
Kupava	Kupava, kupavna (Psk. Tver.), lush, proud. Kupala, deity of summer	D.1, appearance 5 “Me, Snow Maiden, how happy I am! You can’t live without your sweetheart, you have to love someone, you can’t get by.” “Then goodbye. In his house, in the big royal estate, in full view of the rich housewife, I’ll indulge.” D.2, appearance 3 “I forgot everyone... I know and remember only my dear friend” D.3, appearance 6 “My love, until forever and ever, blue-winged darling”
Mizgir	Spider, flycatcher; earthen, evil spider, tarantula. If you kill Mizgir, you will pay forty sins	D.1, appearance 5 “Good-looking, ruddy, chubby, red, curly.” "Trading guest from Tsar's Posad." D.1, appearance 6 “However, Mizgir laughs in our eyes (Brusilo).” D.1, appearance 7 “And there is no return for extinguished love, Kupava.” “Love me, Snow Maiden! I will shower your beauty with priceless gifts and give your life in addition.”
Snow Maiden		D.1, appearance 1 “My trouble is that there is no affection in me.” D.1, appearance 4 “With a heavy insult, like a stone, the flower crushed by Lelem fell on my heart.” D.2, appearance 5 “Her beauty will help us, Bermyata, Yarilin’s anger to soften.” D.3, appearance 1 “Love me a little; wait, - the Snow Maiden will love you herself.” D.4, appearance 2 “I want to love; but I don’t know the words of love.” “That everything that is dear in the world lives in just one word. This word: Love"

5. Why are Snegurochka and Mizgir not accepted in the kingdom of the Berendeys?

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6.How are the images of Moroz and Mizgir similar?

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7. Why did the Snow Maiden fall in love with Mizgir?

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8. Why can’t Lel love the Snow Maiden?

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9.Why did Lel and Kupava fall in love with each other? How are these heroes similar?

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10. What is the meaning of the king’s phrase: “The Snow Maiden’s sad death and the terrible death of Mizgir cannot disturb us”?

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11. Write down the names of the composers who wrote the music for A.N.’s “Spring Tale”. Ostrovsky

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Lesson 5. Defending abstracts

Questions and tasks for self-control

1.What is the name in literary criticism for works of folklore that arose and were performed during rituals - established actions that have religious, everyday or ritual-game significance for the performers?

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2. Write down examples of inversion. Write down the definition of this literary term.

Let's go quickly! The shadows of the night are fading.

Look, the dawn is a barely visible stripe

Cut through the eastern sky,

It grows, expanding more clearly. This

The day woke up and opened his eyelids

Shining eyes. Let's go! The time has come

Meet the rising of Yaril the Sun. Proudly

Lel will show the Sun in front of the crowd

My beloved friend.

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3. Which works of oral folk art are characterized by the following features: the principle of analogy between the natural world and inner world person; transmission of the hero’s internal state through external forms; various compositional and style techniques(parallelism, repetitions, lyrical appeals, tropes)?

Write down the most typical example from the text of the fairy tale play.

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4.What is a gender called in literary criticism? literary works, constructed in the form of dialogue without author's speech and intended for performance on stage?

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Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky can rightfully be considered the creator of the repertoire for the national Russian theater. Despite the fact that he became famous most of all for his works about the morals of the Russian merchants (which the critic Nikolai Dobrolyubov very aptly nicknamed “ dark kingdom"), among the gloomy and slightly scary stories from the life of Zamoskvoretsky merchants there is a very bright and fabulous work – "Snow Maiden", written in 1873.

At the core plot For the play, the playwright used a Russian folk tale from Alexander Afanasyev’s collection “Poetic Views of the Slavs on Nature.” That is why the Slavic higher and lower deities act in the play: Yarilo, Frost, Spring, Leshy. The peculiarity is that the play “The Snow Maiden,” unlike all the previous ones, is written in verse, but without rhyme. However, the single rhythm of the work made it possible to set it to music. The whole play is a kind of poetic stylization of Russian folklore, which Ostrovsky was then passionate about.

This is explained by the fact that in 1873 the Maly Theater troupe was forced to move to Bolshoi Theater during repairs. This is how opera, ballet and drama troupes found themselves under one roof. Then the commission of management of the Moscow Imperial Theaters decided to stage an extravaganza with the participation of all the artists. Ostrovsky composed the play in short term, finishing on his fiftieth birthday. And the music for the play was written by a young and then little-known composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky.

Thus, Ostrovsky’s lyrical play became a multi-level, multi-layered work, as it embodied both the folk tale about the Snow Maiden girl and folk legend about the ancient Berendey tribe, and the mythological features of Slavic legends, and ancient rituals and songs. And Ostrovsky’s “spring tale” breathes such purity of poetry that it is reminiscent of Pushkin’s fairy tales. And in terms of meaning, there is a lot of Pushkin in it: life appears as the magic of beauty and tragedy at the same time, and goodness in a person turns out to be the natural basis.

Therefore, the life of nature in the play looks like a kingdom of harsh contrasts of cold and heat, lifelessness and bloom. Ostrovsky writes about nature as about man. The landscape resembles a portrait into which the artist peers. An abundance of emotional epithets, comparisons that are made natural phenomena on par with human feelings, emphasize the closeness of natural and human principles in the minds of the playwright.

The play takes place in the kingdom of Berendey. It is more reminiscent of a kind of utopian state in which people live according to the laws of honor and conscience, fearing the wrath of the gods: this is a kind of ideal social order, created by Ostrovsky. Even the tsar, who in Rus' was the sole ruler, autocrat, embodies in the work folk wisdom. He worries about his people in a fatherly way: it seems to him that his subjects have stopped noticing the beauty of nature, but are more likely to experience vanity and envy. This is why Yarilo got angry with the Berendeys, who every year freezes people more and more. Then Berendey reveals one of the main laws of nature: “Every living thing must love”. And he asks his assistant Bermyata to gather as many brides and grooms as possible on Yarilin’s day in order to sanctify their marriage and make a sacrifice to the Sun God.

However, the main dramatic conflict connected precisely with the confrontation between love and "cold heart" in the soul of the Snow Maiden, who lives in the cold purity of loneliness, and with her soul strives for the fire of love, which is why she must die. Father Frost warns mother Vesna-Krasna about this: he says that Yarilo has vowed to take revenge on him using their daughter Snegurochka. They say that when she truly falls in love, Yarilo will melt her with his hot rays.

The Snow Maiden did not immediately learn what it was true love. Finding herself in the family of childless Bobyl, the girl expects the same love that she received from her mother and father. But Bobyl and Bobylikha perceive adopted daughter as a kind of bait for rich suitors. Only the suitors are not the same: many guys quarreled with their girlfriends over the Snow Maiden, but neither she is ready to give her heart, nor are the adoptive parents satisfied with ordinary Berendeys.

The Snow Maiden herself likes the shepherd boy Lel, who generously bestows his songs on all the girls in the area. This is what hurts the heroine: she wants only her to be loved. When the rich groom arrives, "trade guest" Mizgir, ready to give up all his wealth for the sake of the Snow Maiden, she cannot find feelings for him in her heart. Everyone is unhappy: Kupava, Mizgir’s failed bride, Mizgir, who can no longer think about anyone except the Snow Maiden, who captivated him with her beauty, and the Snow Maiden herself suffers because she does not know what true love is.

By turning to her mother for help, the heroine receives what she wanted more than anything else in the world - the opportunity to love. Vesna-Krasna says that she will love the first person she meets. Fortunately, it turns out to be Mizgir, and the reader can imagine that now everything will end happily. But no, Mizgir, intoxicated by the Snow Maiden’s love, wants to show everyone that he was able to achieve his goal - the beauty’s reciprocity. Not listening to the girl’s requests, he literally drags her up the mountain where the Berendeys met the dawn, and under the first rays of the sun the Snow Maiden dissolves. Having yielded to human law, she melts “from the sweet feelings of love.”

The melting of the Snow Maiden is a victory over the “traces of cold” in the heart. She was ready to die for the right to love with all her heart. Mizgir said about this: “Love and fear fought in her soul”. Now fear has been abandoned, and the Snow Maiden in the last minutes of her short life is given only to love.

Mizgir is also fearless. He kept his promise: “Trouble will come - we will die together”. The death of the Snow Maiden is a disaster for him, so he rushes into the lake to unite with the cool water into which the Snow Maiden has turned, recently warm in his hot embrace.

But Tsar Berendey calls the death of the Snow Maiden "sad", Then "wonderful". The difference between these epithets suggests to the reader a way out of tragedy into life affirmation. The death of the Snow Maiden and the Berendey holiday are nearby. Its extinction brings a flood of light into the world. No wonder the king says:

Snow Maiden's sad death
And the terrible death of Mizgir
They cannot disturb us; The sun knows
Whom to punish and pardon...

Thus, the tragedy of the individual dissolves in the general chorus of nature. In the words of Pushkin, the author’s sadness is light because it is light human soul: she turns out to be free and fearless in love, she is stronger than the fear of self-preservation.

The creative history of the play “The Snow Maiden” Why did A.N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Snow Maiden” so surprise readers, critics, and spectators? Why did A. N. Ostrovsky’s play “The Snow Maiden” so surprise readers, critics, and spectators? How was the original concept of the play changed by A.N. Ostrovsky? How was the original concept of the play changed by A.N. Ostrovsky? What difficulties do you think the great playwright might have experienced when creating the play “The Snow Maiden”? What difficulties do you think the great playwright might have experienced when creating the play “The Snow Maiden”? Individual work with article (c): How was the play assessed by individual writers? What is the reason for the mixed assessment? How was the play assessed by individual writers? What is the reason for the mixed assessment?

Composition diagram Contents of the composition parts 1. Exposition 2. Commencement 3. Plot development 4. Climax 5. Denouement Presence of older and younger generations. Absence of elders. The protagonist or heroine discovers a loss or shortage, or a prohibition is broken, and disaster follows. Finding what is lost or missing, correcting a mistake The main character or heroine fights an opposing force and always defeats it Overcoming a loss or lack, accession (obtaining a higher status)

Outline of the composition Contents of the parts of the composition 1. Exposition 2. Commencement 3. Development of the action 4. Climax 5. Denouement Meeting the parents of the Snow Maiden The wonderful child of Frost and Spring asks for people. The prohibition of Frost: “fear Lel, his speeches and songs” The test of the heroine who finds herself among people: the conflict with Bobyl and Bobylikha, the conflict with the girls of the Berendey kingdom, the conflict with Kupava, the conflict with Lel Acquisition of a forbidden quality - love The death of the heroine. The triumph of the Sun and harmony in the life of the Berendeys

Ostrovsky, unlike a folk tale, transforms the conflict of the work into an internal one. psychological plan. If in folk tale the hero's test is to fight against dark forces, then in Ostrovsky's “spring fairy tale” the struggle of “hot” and “cold” feelings in the soul of the Snow Maiden is shown. The playwright filled the borrowed central motif of the death of the Snow Maiden with new content; he was able to transfer from the fairy tale a life-affirming principle, which determined the spring tone of the play, associated with the revival of nature and love in the hearts of the Berendeys. Ostrovsky, unlike a folk tale, translates the conflict of the work into an internal psychological plane. If in a folk tale the test of the hero is to fight against dark forces, then in Ostrovsky’s “spring fairy tale” the struggle of “hot” and “cold” feelings in the soul of the Snow Maiden is shown. The playwright filled the borrowed central motif of the death of the Snow Maiden with new content; he was able to transfer from the fairy tale a life-affirming principle, which determined the spring tone of the play, associated with the revival of nature and love in the hearts of the Berendeys.

Genius test Once a young man came to Brecht and said: Once a young man came to Brecht and said: “I have a lot of creative ideas in my head, I can write good novel. The only thing stopping me from writing is not knowing how to start. - My head is full of creative ideas, I can write a good novel. The only thing stopping me from writing is not knowing how to start. Brecht smiled and advised: Brecht smiled and advised: - Very simple. Start with... - Very simple. Start with... Bertolt Brecht was a German poet, prose writer, playwright, theater reformer, founder of the Berlin Ensemble theater. Laureate of the International Stalin Prize “For Strengthening Peace Between Nations” (1954).

The World of the Berendey Kingdom What events fill the life of the Berendeys? What events fill the life of the Berendeys? Give a description of the inhabitants of the Berendey kingdom: Bobyl and Bobylikha, Murash, Lelya, Kupava. Prove your conclusions with text. What do the names of the heroes mean? Are they some kind of characterization of the heroes? Give a description of the inhabitants of the Berendey kingdom: Bobyl and Bobylikha, Murash, Lelya, Kupava. Prove your conclusions with text. What do the names of the heroes mean? Are they some kind of characterization of the heroes?