Soft sign for nouns. Spelling a soft sign after hissing feminine nouns at the end

30.09.2019

Russian language lesson

Equipment:

Support diagrams, posters “It’s not enough to be able to write, you need to be able to think”, “ Good speech good and listen", sheets with text for group work,task cards different levels, fairy tale “Journey b”, phonogram. Computer support for the lesson.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment.

Teacher. Guys, I want to start today’s lesson with these words...

Read it! How do you understand these words?

Students. We will write without errors, and for this we need to know the rules, be able to apply them, and be attentive.

II. Motivation.

Teacher. Today we will commit amazing trip to the “Land of Nouns”, we learn about the adventures of one letter and its meeting with in different words. This lesson should help you move up another level of literacy.

III. Updating previously acquired knowledge.

Teacher. And we begin our journey along unusual paths. Open your notebooks, write down the date and type of work.

Teacher. Name the letters that we will write. What can you say about them?

Students. They denote hissing sounds [zh], [sh] - hard, [h,], [sch,] - soft.

Teacher. Choose the one you like best from the proposed options and write it down in your notebook. So, let's hit the road! Who is more comfortable: “along the path” or “along the bumps”?

Teacher. The path was paved for us by the hissing ones, but among the letters of the Russian alphabet there is one special letter. Scientists call it a letter - an assistant. What letter is this? Can't you guess?

Students. Soft sign.

Teacher. What can you say about the soft sign?

Students: ь – does not indicate a sound; (examples: day – [d,en,])

ь – indicates in writing the softness of the preceding consonant; (examples: salt)

ь – separates a consonant and a vowel so that they do not merge; (examples: blizzard)

IV. Working on new material.

Journey to the “Land of Nouns” (The teacher reading a fairy tale against the background of music is accompanied by stripes with words, children read the words in the stripes in unison.)

Fairy tale.

– The soft sign went on a journey and we along with it.

Suddenly he found himself in a mysterious forest. There he saw

stood at the entrance Hello! Who lives here? – asked the Soft Sign.

– We, nouns with sibilants at the end:

- And who are you? - asked the watchman.

– I am a Soft Sign! Let's be friends!

– No! In no case! Everyone shouted in unison. The watchman even raised

Leave! We won't be friends with you! After all, then the guys will get deuces! – the rook became indignant and flapped his wings.

The soft sign was offended, cried and walked away. He went out to the field where he grew

What are you crying about? – she asked.

The soft sign told its sadness.

– Don't worry, I will be friends with you!

– And I, - squeaked from the hole

And mine The soft sign was delighted and did not notice how it came “I will also be friends with you,” the night whispered quietly.

Then the mouse intervened.

- Let him remember

such Soft sign - our faithful friend.

Teacher. Guys, haven’t you guessed yet why some words drove b away, while others called him a friend? (Answers are children's assumptions.)

Teacher. What do these words have in common?

Students. These are nouns and end in sibilant.

Teacher. What's the secret here?

Students. Nouns are pronounced the same.

Teacher. What two groups did they split into? Slide No. 1 (words from a fairy tale in 2 columns: zh.r. m.r.)

Students. For feminine nouns and male.

Teacher. Girls, read the nouns female(b appears on the slide), boys, read the masculine nouns. So what is this “secret”? Make a conclusion when a soft sign is written?

Students. In nouns R. after sibilants it is written b, and for nouns m.r. b is not written after sibilants.

Teacher. Let's reveal the “secret”. Is our assumption correct?

Students. Yes, that's right.

Teacher. Test yourself using the textbook. (Reading rule p.170).

V. Consolidation.

1. Teamwork with text.

Teacher. I went further and ended up in the circus and met the guys there (the support opens), looking at them, you will remember the rule of our lesson: - Who will explain how the support will work? (For nouns w. r. after sibilants, b is written, but for nouns m. r. after sibilants b is not written.)

And we’ll try to guess which of the guys-trainers B will become friends with? Find exercise 450. Write the nouns in 2 columns - by gender: (ray, speech, watchman, key, cloak, mouse, help, comrade, baby, rye, night, thing)

Along the chain at the board, everything is in a notebook.

2. Physical education minute.Let's look for words from the topic of the lesson. Maybe they rolled under the chair to the left (tilts to the left ), maybe under the desk on the right (tilts to the right )? Maybe the guests on the left saw it, maybe the guests on the right (turns )?

3. Work in groups.

(Each group is given a deformed text; word clues are dispersed throughout the class: birth?, mouse?, crying?, owl?, night?, hush?, reed?.) – (met. Bazarny)

Teacher. Insert appropriate nouns into these sentences. You will find them on the information field.

Text.

The road went through... Here I ran... In the grove I heard... This... started the song. Here is the river. It arrived... and the fishing began. There was…. ...whispered with the river. (1 student from each group reads out the answer)

4. Words are riddles.

Teacher. Write down the answers. Having designated the gender of a noun. (2 students at the board).

– A person who plays the violin (violinist m. b.)

– The first bird to arrive to us in the spring (m. r. rook)

– Small child(baby m.r.)

– Soup with beets and other vegetables (borsch m.r.)

– It can be a door, a violin, a wrench and even a spring (m.r. key)

– Ability to speak. It can be oral and written.

(speech by woman)

(Mutual check) Result: - Raise your hand, who wrote “5”, “4”?

4. Creative independent work.

Teacher. Read the proverb. How do you understand this proverb?

Students. Read the sentences. (A set of proposals opens, slide No. 2).

My friend(?) and I went fishing.

The guys went into the forest.

The road to the river went through the river (?).

Screams and laughter broke the forest silence(?).

Here is the river.

The animals and birds were frightened.

We cast our fishing rods.

The hedgehog(?) rustles on the dry leaves.

Teacher. Can these sentences be called text? Why?

Students. It is impossible, since in the text the sentences are related in meaning and united by one topic.

Teacher. Option 1 – write down sentences on the topic “Fishing”.

Option 2 – write down sentences on the topic “In the forest”.

Place these sentences in the correct order. Come up with 2-3 sentences using the words written below to form a text.

Result: - Now let’s read what the texts turned out to be. Name the words with a sibilant at the end in which you wrote ь?

5.Control of acquired knowledge.

Teacher. To check how you have learned the secret of the lesson: “Writing b”, we will work on cards, each of which has 3 tasks. Whoever completes one task will receive a grade of "3", two tasks - "4", three tasks - "5".

1 task

Insert where necessary a soft sign:

Hut.., help.., speech.., key.., daughter.., lily of the valley...

2 task

Cross out the extra word:

Doctor?, birth?, quiet?, speech?, wilderness?, youth?.

3 task

Match the adjectives with suitable nouns with a pinch at the end:

Prickly..., hot... ,rubber…,volatile…. ,dark....,

solar….

VI. Lesson summary. Reflection

Teacher. Our journey has now ended. What new have you learned about feminine and masculine nouns with sibilants at the end?

– What did you like most about the lesson?
– What can you praise yourself for?
– On your desks there are stripes of red, blue, green flowers. Which of you thinks that you worked “excellently” - show the red stripe, who worked “well” - show the green stripe, and who thinks that you didn’t work fully, then show the blue stripe.

VII. Homework to choose from.

Exercise 454

Write a mini-essay on the topic “My Comrade”

using nouns with sibilants at the end.

This lesson examines in detail the spelling of a soft sign after hissing adverbs at the end, and also provides a repetition of already studied spellings.

The soft sign at the end of adverbs is always written after hissing ones h And w.

After and the soft sign is not written. Exception: wide open b .

For example: (leave) about whose; (hit) back and forth sew; (leave) deputy and; (open the window) wide b(excl.).

Table. Adverbs ending in hissing

With a soft sign

No soft sign

etc. b

gallop b

exactly b

supine b

unbearable b (colloquial)

completely b (colloquial)

backhand b

entirely b

deputy and

at and ( in meaning already)

impatient and (colloquial)

Repetition. Soft sign after sizzling at the end different parts speeches

Verb

At the end of verbs, after sibilants, a soft sign is always written. This applies to all verb forms:

— verbs in the 2nd person singular present tense: you're reading b, look b;

— verbs in the imperative mood: director b, eat b, mazh b ;

— verbs in the indefinite form: burn b, oven b, sterech b .

Adjective

Adjectives in short form ending in sibilants never have a soft sign at the end. For example: Can h, new and, good w .

Noun

The soft sign at the end of nouns after sibilants is written only in feminine words of the 3rd declension. For example: daughter b, lodge b, things b .

All other nouns ending in sibilants are written without a soft sign:

- masculine nouns of the 2nd declension in the nominative case.

For example: reed, comrade, lily of the valley;

- feminine nouns of the 1st declension in the plural genitive case: (a lot of) pears, clouds, puddles.

Bibliography

Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. – 13th ed. – M.: Bustard, 2009.
Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. – 34th ed. – M.: Education, 2012.
Russian language. Practice. 7th grade. Ed. S.N. Pimenova – 19th edition. – M.: Bustard, 2012.
Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. Russian language. 7th grade. In 3 parts – 8th ed. – M.: Mnemosyne, 2012.

Didactic materials. Section “Adverb” (Source).
Adverb as a part of speech (Source).
Parts of speech in Russian (Source).
Culture of writing. Adverb (Source).

Homework

Exercise No. 265. Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. – M.: Education, 2012.

Task No. 1. Determine which part of speech (in what form) the words belong to; insert a soft sign where necessary.

1. Linyuch. hot fresh smelly good.

2. Dach. tasks. clouds grove

3. Assignment multiply namaz.

4. Strich. oven burn, save

5. Male scenery. reed

6. Small thing. hush wilderness

7. You are going. I'm sleeping. keep quiet.

8. Jump. wide open married unbearable

Task No. 2. Rewrite, inserting missing letters where necessary.

1. Wide open. the gate is heavy (Bl.). 2. Already how many times have they told the world that flattery is vile, harmful, but it’s not for the future (Wing.). 3. You completely. you're leaving, stranger (Adv.). 4. Jump downhill. but how to climb a mountain - at least cry (Episode). 5. The officer hit Ostap with a backhand. with a whip across the face (Paust.). 6. To the horizon, to the very edge, gray, gray-green, solid. June rye walks, playing in steep shafts (V. Bok.). 7. Some animal jumped out of the thicket in one jump and lay down, playing, on its back. on the sand (L.). 8. We walked along the road, all the way. covered with last year's brown leaves (Cupr.). 9. No matter how often the young woman was unbearable. the grass was falling under the scythe, the rye was burning under the sickle (N.).

Soft sign at the end of nouns after sibilants

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In this lesson you will learn the rule for spelling a soft sign at the end of nouns in the initial form after sibilant letters. Remember what work a soft sign does. You will be able to practice using the soft sign

In ancient times, some nouns had b at the end after the hissing letters, while other nouns ended in b. Then b disappeared, but b remained.

In this lesson you will learn Which nouns have a soft sign written at the end after the sibilant letters.

We observe nouns with hissing letters at the end:

Grandfather had a wonderful pencil. He could draw moonlit night and a ray of sunshine, golden rye and delicate white lily of the valley. Wonderful thing!(According to M. Ilyin)

The nouns from these sentences were written in two columns. What unites the words in each column?

These are the nouns in initial form(form I.p., singular), ending in hissing letters [ch', sh, sh'].

What makes them different from the words in the other column?

In the first column of the words female, and in the second - male.

Let's find out what work b does after the letters of sibilant consonants at the end of nouns in the initial form:

In Russian, b often does not at all indicate the softness of consonant sounds. Sometimes he just indicates the form of the word.

This work is performed by b at the end of nouns in the initial form after the letters of sibilant consonants. He reports: This is a feminine noun.

After the hissing letters at the end of nouns, ь is written only in feminine words. In masculine words, b is not written.

[h', w', w]

Nouns in the initial form with sibilants always have a spelling, because we choose whether to write b or not.

Let's discuss the method of action:

How should I proceed?

1. When you hear a hiss at the end of a word, find out the part of speech.

2. If this is a noun in the initial form, determine the gender

3. If a feminine word is written - b, a masculine word - b is not written.

If you don't know the gender of a noun, consult a dictionary.

hoop? – he, m.r., b is not written – hoop

bream? – he, m.r., b is not written – le

help? – she, zh.r., at the end b – help

comrade? – he, m.r., b is not written – comrade

small thing? – she, zh.r., at the end b – chalk

bitter? – she, zh.r., at the end of b – grief

Bream is freshwater fish with a flat body.

We determine which words are written as transcription:

What words are transcribed?

What spelling pattern do you know at the end of words?

[dro sh] [str’i sh] [bro sh] [pl’a sh] [rόskash]

Spelling paired according to deafness-voicing consonant.

[dro sh] – drot, dro, she, zh.r.

[str’i sh] – no stri, stri, he, m.r.

[bro sh] – brochka, bro, she, f.r.

[pl’a sh] – no beach, beach, he, m.r.

[rόskash] – (what?) luxurious, luxurious – she, zh.r., at the end,

o – letter of an unstressed vowel, w – letter of a paired consonant

We find words with spelling in poetic lines:

Determine which words have the spelling b after the sibilant letters in nouns.

The old rook fell asleep in the nest.

His rook is sleeping...

Listen, how everywhere

Nice and quiet.(E. Serova)

Who harms trees?

The bark beetle is sharpening the tree.

I heard the trees crying

He arrived at dawn

And tapped on the bark.(A. Chasovnikov)

gra - he, m.r., b is not written

pla – he, m.r., b is not written

vra – he, m.r., b is not written

I dreamed of the wilds again,

The wilderness of the desert, the silence of sunset.

A yellow lion stalks a zebra

Through grass and reeds.(V. Bryusov)

Russian speech is like music to me:

In it the word sounds, sings,

She breathes the Russian soul

Its creator, people. (N. Brown)

glu – she, zh.r., at the end of b

ti – she, zh.r., at the end of b

kama – he, m.r., b is not written

re - she, zh.r., at the end of b

In which fairy tale words do you need to put a soft sign after the sibilant letter?

In which fairy tale words do you need (according to the rules of Russian spelling) to put a soft sign after the hissing letter?

Pyashlya kuzh... Stormy pupolosh... Meowaya duch...

Pyashlaya (what?) Kuzh (she, zh.r., at the end b).

Stormy (what?) Pupolosh (he, m.r., b is not spelled).

Meow (what?) Duch (she, zh.r., at the end of b).

We recognize words by interpreting their meanings:

1. A man playing the violin is...

2. An uninhabited, uncultivated piece of land -...

3. Influence, respect enjoyed by someone or something - ...

4. Thick opaque watercolor paint - ...

5. The number of copies of a book, newspaper or magazine published - ...

6. An ancient copper half-kopeck coin -...

1. violinist (he, m.b.)

2. empty (she, female)

3. presti (he, m.b.)

4. gua (she, female)

5. shooting gallery (he, m.r.)

6. gro (he, m.r.)

Big guy - [crepes sh], crepes, letter of the paired consonant sh,

strong, he, m.r., without b.

Strength – [mo sh’], mo –ona, zh.r., at the end of b.

Young people - [molode w], no molode, letter of the paired consonant w,

young people - she, zh.r., at the end of b.

Call – [kli h’], he, m.r., kli, without b.

Nonsense, stupidity - [chu sh], no chu, letter of the paired consonant sh,

chu - she, zh.r., at the end of b.

Spring – [key h’], he, m.r., key, without b.

Solving spelling problems:

Remember the fairy tales of A. Pushkin and complete the nouns with the letters of hissing consonants at the end.

You,..., are my savior, my mighty deliverer.

And a groom was found for her,... Elisha.

My golden cockerel will be faithful...yours.

A fairy tale... but there is a hint in it!

You, princess [h’], are my savior, my mighty deliverer.

And a groom was found for her, Queen Elisha.

My golden cockerel will be faithful to your side.

The tale is lo [sh], but there is a hint in it!

tsarevi - he, m.r., b is not written

queens - m.r., b is not written

storo - m.r., b is not written, no storo, letter of the paired consonant w

lo - she, zh.r., at the end b, no l, letter of the paired consonant z

Guess the riddles and write down the answers correctly.

Glad even for a bread crumb,

Because before dark

She is hiding in a hole.

2. In winter it eats firewood and sleeps in summer.

We are she, f.r., at the end of b

Pe – she, zh.r., at the end of b

An interesting spelling task: how to write a word, with or without b?

Let's look in the dictionary.

Touche - a short solemn musical greeting.

Tu - he, m.r., b is not written.

Mascara is a permanent paint for drawing, drawing, writing, cosmetic paint (mascara).

Tu - she, zh.r, at the end of b.

Let’s remember what kind of work a soft sign does:

Solve spelling problems. Write words with b in three columns:

denotes softness, helps indicate the sound [th’], indicates shape.

Beyond the river the forest begins. Is there game in it?

Look into the syn? its lakes, cross the top, go around the sharp branches. How do Solov sing?

Build a hut?, light a fire?, fire? bread on rods. Listen to how sleepy trees creak, how an owl flies to hunt?

Di - she, zh.r., at the end of b, indicates the form of the word.

Sin – ь denotes the softness of a consonant.

Top - ь denotes the softness of the consonant.

Su – helps to indicate the sound [th’]. Solo – helps to indicate the sound [th’]. Shala - he, m.r., b is not written.

Fire - ь indicates the softness of the consonant.

Fire – ь indicates the softness of the consonant.

Na prukh – helps to indicate the sound [th’]. Dere – helps to designate the sound [th’]. Sy - he, m.r., b is not written.

The owl is a nocturnal bird of the order of owls.

denotes softness helps denote the sound [th’] indicates shape

blue bitch game

fire on the bars

Conclusion:

In the lesson, you learned that nouns in the initial form with sibilants at the end always have a spelling, because we choose whether to write b or not.

After the hissing letters at the end of nouns, b is written only in feminine words. In masculine words, b is not written.

Bibliography

M.S. Soloveychik, N. S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Textbook. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. – Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
M.S. Soloveychik, N. S. Kuzmenko “To the secrets of our language” Russian language: Workbook. 3rd grade: in 3 parts. – Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2010.
T. V. Koreshkova Test tasks In Russian. 3rd grade: in 2 parts. – Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
T.V. Koreshkova Practice! Notebook for independent work in Russian for grade 3: in 2 parts. – Smolensk: Association XXI century, 2011.
L.V. Mashevskaya, L.V. Danbitskaya Creative tasks in the Russian language. – St. Petersburg: KARO, 2003.
G.T. Dyachkova Olympic tasks in Russian. 3–4 grades. – Volgograd: Teacher, 2008.

Homework

Read the riddle. Write down the answer. Prove the correct spelling of words with sibilant letters at the end.

Reeds grow by the river.

A baby lives in the reeds.

He has green skin

And with a green face. (P. Sinyavsky)

Read the words and say how they are all similar. Orally divide them into two groups. Point them above the words hallmark and solve a spelling problem.
Midnight?, thing?, cloak?, help?, knife?, floor?, dry?, ruff?

Solve spelling problems in nouns. To do this, indicate the gender in brackets. Choose appropriate adjectives for the nouns, connect the words and add the endings; solve other spelling problems.

Internet portal Rus.1september.ru (Source).
Internet portal School-collection.edu.ru (Source).
Internet portal Therules.ru (Source).
Internet portal Oldskola1.narod.ru (Source).

b after sibilants in verbs, at the end of nouns and adverbs!

In this article we will look in detail at when it is written after sibilants in verbs, nouns and adverbs. Also on clear examples we'll show you typical mistakes writing soft sign after hissing ones.

There are only 4 hissing letters in the Russian language. These are the letters Ш, Ж, Ш and Ш. The main cases concerning the writing of b after sibilants are the writing of a soft sign after sibilants in a verb, at the end of nouns and adverbs. Let's look at each case separately.

When is b written after sibilants in a verb?

“We ALWAYS write a soft sign after hissing verbs!”

Textbooks most often list that “b” is written if the verb is in the infinitive (answers the question, what to do? or what to do?), in the second person singular (combined with the pronoun you) or in the imperative mood (indicates for action).
It is not necessary to remember all this, since in all other forms there are no hissing words at the end.
Let's look at examples.
Infinitives: attract, burn, lie down.
Second person, singular: write, love, breathe.
Imperative form: cut, spread, eat!

By the way, a soft sign can appear not only at the end of verbs. When adding –sya and –te after the hissing letter “b” it is preserved. For example: cut, spread, fall in love.

The most popular mistake with a soft sign in verbs is writing it between -t and -sya in different faces. If we write " to shave"(what to do? with a soft sign), then " shaves"(what does it do?) we will write without b. The rule is simple: “ If the question has a “b” at the end, then we also write a soft sign between –t and –xia.“We remember that the letter T is not a hissing letter, so this rule is not entirely on the topic of the article.
We looked at verbs. Let's move on to nouns!

Soft sign after sibilants at the end of nouns

The rule is quite simple:

“b is written after hissing nouns at the end ONLY if the noun is feminine singular!”

In all other cases, b is NOT written after hissing nouns at the end.

Let's look at examples.
With a soft sign after hissing ones:
Rye, night, lie, thing, daughter.
“The queen gave birth that night to either a son or a daughter.” A.S. Pushkin.
The feminine singular can be determined by substituting the pronoun “my”.
My daughter, my lie, my whim.

Without soft sign:
Doctor, knife, many clouds, many pears, brick, roll, scarecrow, Alexander Sergeevich.

As we see, the soft sign is not written after masculine singular nouns in nouns plural, at the end male middle names.
It is easier to remember when a soft sign is written in nouns than when it is not written :)

Soft sign after hissing adverbs at the end

Everything here is also quite simple:

“b is ALWAYS written after hissing adverbs at the end, with the exception of the adverbs: already, married, unbearable.”

Examples: away, completely, backhand, just, gallop, wide open, backwards, exactly the same.

It is very important to understand what an adverb is because common mistake: writing a soft sign after sibilants in short adjectives.
Good, handsome, hot, powerful, smelly, etc. are written without a soft sign.

How to distinguish a short adjective from an adverb?
The adverb answers the questions: Where? When? Where? Where? Why? For what? …and most often: How?
An adverb denotes a sign of action, that is, refers to a verb. He walked away. He refused outright. He repeated it exactly.

A short adjective answers the question: What? And denotes the attribute of an object. That is, to refer to a noun. The house is good. The shower is hot. Wind, wind, you are powerful...

In addition to verbs, nouns, adverbs and short adjectives, b after sibilants is found in particles and pronouns. In them, most people write the soft sign intuitively correctly and remembering these cases, in our opinion, is not so important.
However, for reference:
In particles with hissing endings, the soft sign is always written. These are particles: look, just, look, see.
Examples of using particles in sentences:
I mean, that's how it is. Look what I found. It's just thunder.

There are only two pronouns: OUR and YOURS. In them SOFT SIGN IS NOT WRITTEN.

Here, in fact, are all the main cases of using b after sibilants.
To reinforce this, we also present to your attention a diagram that combines everything that has been said above regarding writing a soft sign after hissing ones.

If you have any questions about when it is written after sibilants in nouns, verbs, adverbs or other parts of speech, be sure to write them in the comments.

Internet project BeginnerSchool.ru

Website for children and their parents

Soft sign after sibilants in nouns

Let's look at the drawing. Why are these nouns distributed in different columns?

Please note that in the second column, nouns have a soft sign at the end after sibilants, while in the first there is no soft sign. Why?

In the first column all nouns are masculine, and in the second - feminine.

Soft sign after sizzling is written at the end of nouns feminine in singular. This is a spelling.

So, let's determine whether it is necessary to write a soft sign at the end of the following nouns:

Trembling(?) (what?) n. w.r. – shiver

brooch(?) (what?) n. w.r. – brooch

rich man(?) (who?) n. m.r. – rich

knife(?) (what?) n. m.r. – knife

youth(?) (who?) n. and. R. – the youth

At the end of nouns male after sizzling soft sign not written.

The soft mark after sibilants at the end of some nouns can help identify the gender of that noun.

Mascara(f.r.) for writing

Thank you for being with us.

Soft sign This article will focus on the soft sign. For what.
Declension of adjectives Today we will talk about declension of adjectives. For those, who.
Declension of nouns Changing a word by numbers and cases is called declension. In this one.
Plural of nouns We continue to study nouns and the topic of this article is nouns.
Spelling unstressed case endings nouns of 3 declensions Let's continue the topic of declension of nouns. In previous articles we discussed.

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Soft sign at the end of feminine nouns

Spelling. Total dictation 2014

"After and, w, h, sch letter b written according to tradition in the following grammatical forms:

a) at the end of the forms. p.un. including nouns (feminine) gender of the 3rd declension, for example: rye, whim, mouse, falsehood, night, trifle , thing, help;

b) at the end of the 2nd person unit. including verbs of present and future tense (after w), e.g.: you're carrying, laugh, you see, give it, rushing;

c) in forms imperative mood verbs, for example: ointment, eat, hide, cut, comfort yourself, hide, don't wince;

Methodological development of a Russian language lesson in 3rd grade on the topic “Soft sign (ь) at the end of nouns after hissing ones”

This lesson was developed according to the new standards of the Federal State Educational Standard, according to the “Perspective” program. In accordance with the Federal State Educational Standard, 4 types of educational activities are formed in the lesson: personal, regulatory, cognitive, communicative.

Lesson topic: “Soft sign at the end of nouns after hissing ones”

Purpose of the lesson: to introduce students to the spelling of a soft sign at the end of nouns after sibilants.

Tasks:

Introduce the rule of writing a soft sign at the end of nouns after sibilants;

Learn to plan and evaluate your work

Develop memory, thinking, attention.

To cultivate in students a tolerant attitude towards each other, the ability to listen to the opinions of others and express their point of view;

Foster independence and creative activity.

Didactic materials: Handout(cards)

During the classes.

1. Motivation to educational activities.

Good afternoon guys! Today I would like to start our lesson with a proverb: “Every day adds a piece of wisdom to us”

How do you understand it?

Our knowledge is wealth that we put in a chest, and when necessary, we take out this knowledge and use it.

Let's smile at each other, give each other good mood. May today's lesson bring us all the joy of communication.

Today in class, guys, you have a lot to do. interesting tasks, do very important discovery, and your helpers in this will be: attention, resourcefulness, your knowledge.

2. Update background knowledge and fixing the problem

1) A minute of penmanship

Zhzh Shh Shch Shch y

What can you say about these letters? Which one is the odd one out?

Write these letters in your notebook on the first line, alternating them.

Second line: reeds, stove, rye, ball, daughter, baby, crying, youth

What can you say about these words? (this is a noun, singular, ending in hissing sounds)

2) Fixing the difficulty.

Give these definitions in one word:

Football competition (match)

Twelve o'clock at night. (Midnight.)

Little child (Baby)

Hunter's catch (game)

What difficulties did you have in writing words? (Where to write b and where not to.)

What question arises? (Why is ь written after hissing words in some words, but not written in other words).

Who guessed what the topic of today's lesson is? (Spelling ь at the end of nouns after sibilants).

What goal will we set for ourselves in the lesson? (Find out when it is written and when it is not written)

3. Practicing the method of action. Construction of an algorithm for solving a spelling problem

match, midnight, crumb, game

Write words with a soft sign at the end in one column, and without a soft sign in the other.

What unites the words of the first group? (noun, unit h., w.r.) And the second? (noun, singular, m.p.) How do the words of the first group differ from the second? In what gender is a soft sign written and in which is it not written?

What conclusion can be drawn? (for feminine nouns a soft sign is written at the end, for masculine nouns it is not written)

This is your hypothesis, is it correct? The pages of the textbook will help answer this question.

Read the rule, let's compare it with the conclusion we made. Do they match? (Yes)

A soft sign after sibilants is written at the end of feminine nouns. This is a spelling.

Now let's work in pairs and try to create an algorithm for writing a soft sign in the word night (children work in groups independently)

The following algorithm is compiled:

1. Determine the part of speech.

2. Determine the genus.

3. If the noun is feminine, a soft sign is written.

4. If the noun is masculine, the soft sign is not written..

(Check and compare)

Let's return to the words that were written during the penmanship minute, check the correctness of our hypothesis.

– Let us check if you will fall into a trap while performing such a task?

Night.. – night..ka daughter..- daughter..ka

What's the trap?

(This is a completely different spelling).

4. Inclusion in the knowledge system and repetition.

1)- Today we have compiled an algorithm correct spelling soft sign at the end of feminine and masculine nouns. And for what? When will this algorithm be useful to you? (When we write a dictation, complete tasks in order to write correctly).

And in order to check whether you have understood everything well, let’s work on our own.

You will find the task for independent work on the cards that are on your desks.

In the words given on the cards, you either write a soft sign or do not write. Prove the correctness of your choice.

Key..., bream..., stove..., thing..., night..., mouse..., pencil..., luggage..., pencil..., small thing..., jam..., ball..., hush...

Exchange cards and check whether your neighbor on the desk completed the task correctly (mutual check).

5. Physical training

We completed the tasks

And a little tired.

And now it's time

Let us all rest, friends.

I will name the nouns, and you, if a soft sign is written in a word, squat, if it is not written, you clap: night, tick, thing, trembling, baby, hut, brick, penny, mouse, comrade, ball, stove.

6. Independent work

1) Write down the phrases, insert the necessary words with a sibilant at the end.

Pencil..., cold..., polar..., fragrant..., ambulance..., sonorous...

2) Game "Fourth wheel"

Pencil... cloak... mouse... hut...

Brick... small thing... night... daughter...

Touch...key...things.... bake….

Rook….help…. executioner….kalach….

7. Reflection on learning activities in the lesson.

Tell me, what topic did we work on in class today? What was your goal?

Continue the phrases:

Before this lesson I didn’t know...

Now I know….

Can…

As a result of my work in class I…..

During the lesson I worked...

My mood…

I am very glad that this lesson was interesting and useful for you and that it was easy for you to work in the lesson. Thanks for the work!

The softest sign is probably the most mysterious letter In russian language. It does not indicate a sound; it is not classified as a vowel/consonant. Why is it needed then? It turns out that its role in our written speech is great. In this article we will figure out when “b” is used after sibilants with nouns, adverbs and verbs.

Nouns. Soft sign after sibilant consonants

The exact writing of the soft sign located after these consonants causes the greatest difficulty, since it is not clear by ear whether it needs to be written or not.

It turns out that the rule is very simple: a soft sign after the hissing ones. noun written only in the words of wives. genders belonging to the 3rd declension.

The words “oven”, “speech”, “daughter”, “night”, “game” are feminine, have a nominative case and are in the singular. Therefore, we must definitely write “b” in them.

But be careful: they should not be confused with words of the 1st declension, which are in indirect cases: “many clouds”, “no tasks”, “several heaps”. All of these words would seem to be feminine and should probably be classified as 3rd declension.

But let's take a closer look: they are in the genitive case. If we raise them to the initial form (“cloud”, “task”, “heap”), then we will be convinced that they belong to the first declension, which means they do not obey this rule.

There is another “trap” in the Russian language, where under no circumstances should a soft sign be used after hissing words. Words ending in a hissing consonant, but belonging to the second declension, are not written with “b” (“rook”, “doctor”, “cloak” - 2nd cl.). Therefore, ask the question to the noun more carefully. Do this before determining the declension, since gender depends on it. noun, and number.

When do we write “b” for adverbs?

An adverb is one of the unchangeable parts of speech. It is not declined, no endings are distinguished in it. The spelling of “b” in adverbs is not subject to any difficult rules.

In those adverbs that end in a consonant “sh” or “ch”, a soft sign is always written. For example: “jump up”, “exactly”.

In adverbs starting with “w”, it is never written. An exception would be the word “wide open”.

Another rule that the adverb is subject to: a soft sign after hissing ones is always used, with the exception of “already”, “married”, “unbearable”. Undoubtedly, such a humorous sentence is easily remembered by schoolchildren, especially girls.

It is not so important which rule you remember, the main thing is that both reflect the essence of spelling adverbs.

Verb and soft sign after sibilants

The verb is one of the most commonly used parts of speech, without which our language would be very impoverished. Spelling “ь” with verbs causes a lot of difficulties not only for students, but also for adults.

If a verb in an indefinite form (infinitive) ends in a sibilant, then “b” will always be written in this case. And here without any exceptions. “Take care”, “bake”, “burn”. It will also be preserved in return form, before the postfix “-sya”: “get carried away”, “light up”, “beware”.
All 2nd person singular verbs use a soft sign. This applies both to the present tense: (“you are now”), “writing”, “drawing”, “walking”, “sleeping”, and to the future: (“you are tomorrow”) “working”, “thinking”, “finishing” ", "you'll redo it." The soft sign will also be preserved before the postfix “-sya”: “you will like”, “you will use”, “you will touch”, “you will gain”, “you will take shape”. In verbs that are in the imperative mood and end in a hissing consonant, a soft sign is always written: “cut”, “eat”, “smear”, “hide”. Before the plural postfix “-te”, it is necessarily preserved: “designate”, “cut”, “hide”.

Before the postfix “-sya” it also does not disappear: “take comfort”, “don’t cut yourself”.

And again, be careful and do not fall into the “trap” of the insidious Russian language! The words “cry” and “cry” are completely different parts of speech, and therefore are written differently.

“Crying” without a soft sign is a noun of the 2nd declension, and, accordingly, a soft sign cannot be written in it. But “cry” with a soft sign is an imperative verb, and, as you know, we always write “b” in them. All this can be easily guessed from the proposed context, in which the meaning of the word will become clear.

Conclusion

The soft sign after sibilants is used with many parts of speech. Knowing simple rules, you will never have trouble spelling it after these consonants. If you suddenly forget some nuances, our article will remind you of them.

PRECAUTIONARY DICTS

I. Boy, schoolboy, sparrows, teacher, fight, drinks, coat, horse, ring, sew, film, finger, drop, benefit, mallow, village, beats, album, mill, stump.

II. Day, perch, howling, cornflowers, bubble, fun, small, white, blizzard, red, strong, steel, ears, pain, free, impossible, feathers, sick, family.

III. Just, teacher, notebook, whose, whose, trees, friends, bear, do, draw, ask, sing, six, seven, eight, nine, ten.

2. Write down the sentences. Underline words with a soft sign (ь) in the middle.

1. Winter days are short! 2. The boys ran to school. 3. Drops of dew glisten on the rose petals. 4. The river became covered with ice. 5. Bright mallows are turning red near the house. 6. Masha dropped the ring into the river. 7. Gray bunny shivering from the cold. 8. The teacher gave me an “A”. 9, I hit the door painfully. 10. The cow Zorka is nibbling grass. 11. There is an angry blizzard in the field. 12. Moths hover over the lamp. 13. The girls came in elegant dresses.

SELECTIVE DICTS

1: Listen to the sentences. Write and read words with soft

sign(s) in the middle.

1. Pets are very beneficial. 2. Schoolchildren begin classes in September. 3. Today on TV interesting film. 4. The lights of an airplane are visible in the night sky. 5. Mom laid a linen tablecloth on the table. 6. At my father's a strong character. 7. Water is gurgling in the kettle. 8. The blue eyes of forget-me-nots are visible in the grass. 9. Father brought Nastenka The Scarlet Flower. 10. The ants are rushing to their house. 11. The swallows made a home under the roof. 12. It rains in autumn. 13. There are a lot of pine needles under the spruce tree.

2. Write down in order the names of the months that end with a soft sign (b). Translate them into Ukrainian.

June has arrived.

"June! June!" -

Birds are chirping in the garden.

The winds blow in February

The pipes howl loudly.

Open the calendar -

January begins.

In December, in December

All trees are in silver.

Loose snow darkens in March,

The ice on the window is melting.

Haymaking is in July

Somewhere thunder grumbles sometimes.

In October, in October

Frequent rain outside.

April, April!

Drops are ringing in the yard.

Clear September morning

Villages thresh bread.

We collect in August

Fruit harvest.

Seeing off May with flowers,

The lilac is blooming.

(S. Marshak)

EXPLANATORY AND TESTING DICTS

Separate words with a soft sign (ь) at the end for hyphenation.

There is a lot of work in the yard. We need to water the flowers, dig up the soil. Yesterday we planted a poplar. We will look after him. It will grow and provide good shade. The lilacs have already blossomed. It's beautiful in our yard!

WINTER EVENING

It snowed all day. By evening the snowstorm ended. The children began to sculpt a snow woman. It quickly became dark outside. In winter there are long nights and short days. At five o'clock in the evening it is already dark. We need to go home.

SUMMER IN THE ALBUM

It's autumn now. And in my album it’s summer. I drew large bouquet. It contains delicate daisies. They have white petals and a yellow center. There are drops of dew on the flowers. It’s good to remember the summer dawns!

WINTER POND

Yesterday was severe frost. Our pond is covered with ice. The boys put on their skates and went skating. There are bubbles under the ice in the middle of the pond. They sleep there big fish. You can't walk on thin ice! You can fall into the water.

ICICLE

Here are the spring days. Nadya put on a warm coat and went out onto the porch. Black thawed patches appeared on the white snow. A cold drop fell on Nadya’s cheek. It was a large icicle hanging from the roof. She may fall and hurt. Be careful in spring!

Spring has come. Nature happily awaited the guest. The winter blizzards have died down. Twigs and branches can be seen from under the snow. Soon they will be used to build bird houses. Melting snow flows down in streams. The ants will wake up soon. The bees will begin to circle around the hives. The leaves on the trees will rustle. Birds will greet spring with a joyful trill.