Objective of the lesson: develop an interest in the works of Mark Twain, in the study of literature and English

language, develop skills of working in a group.

Design: children's drawings; exhibition of the writer's books; portrait of Mark Twain; posters with the words:

Literature serves as your guide to other eras and to other peoples, opens the hearts of people to you - in a word, makes you wise.

D. S. Likhachev.

All American literature came from one book by Mark Twain, from his Huckleberry Finn.

E. Hemingway.

Lesson progress

1. Re-enactment

Country music is playing. (Huck appears in rags and a torn hat, with a cat (a soft toy in his hands). Tom comes out to meet him.)

Tom: Hey, Huckleberry! Hello!

Huck (solidly, with dignity): Hello, and you, if you want...

Tom: What do you have? (Touches the cat.)

Huck: Dead cat.

Tom: Let me have a look, Huck!.. (feels the cat). Look, you're completely numb. Where did you get it?

Huck: I bought it from a boy.

Tom: What did you give?

Huck: a blue ticket and a bull bubble... I got the bubble from the slaughterhouse.

Tom: Where did you get the blue ticket?

Huck: Bought it from Ben Rogers two weeks ago. Gave him a hoop stick.

(Huck sits on the floor, holding the cat on his knees.)

Tom: Listen, Huck, dead cats - what are they good for?

Huck: How about what? And remove warts.

Tom: Really? Well, how can you bring them together with dead cats?

(Tom sits down next to Huck.)

Huck: Here's how. Take the cat and go with it to the cemetery shortly before midnight to a fresh grave where some bad person is buried, and at midnight the devil will appear, or maybe two or three; but you won’t see them, you’ll only hear the sound of the wind, and maybe you’ll hear them talking. And when they drag the dead man away, you throw the cat after them and say: “Devil for the dead man, cat for the devil, warts for the cat - that’s the end of it, all three away from me.”

(Takes a pipe out of his pocket and busily “lights a cigarette.”)

Tom: Looks like it. Have you ever tried it yourself, Huck?

Huck: No, but old woman Hopkins told me...

Tom: Well, that's true: they say she's a witch. (Tom also takes out his pipe. He pats Huck on the shoulder.) Listen, Huck, when are you going to try the cat?

Huck: Tonight. I think so, the devils will surely come this night for the old sinner Williams...

Tom: But he was buried on Saturday. They really dragged him away on a Saturday night?

Huck: Nonsense! They could not drag him away until midnight, and at midnight it was Sunday. On Sunday, devils don't really roam the earth.

Tom: Right, right. I didn't even think about it. Will you take me with you?!

Huck: Of course, if you're not afraid.

Tom (jumps up, indignant): I'm afraid! Well, here's another one!

(Huck also gets up. Music sounds. The boys leave dancing.)

2. The word of the literature teacher

“Even the most serious, most businesslike American, when he talks about these world-famous boys, begins to smile and his eyes become kinder,” wrote Ilya Ilf and Evgeny Petrov, having visited the USA in the 30s of the 20th century. We are, of course, you guessed it, about Tom Sawyer and his bosom friend Huck Finn, whose adventures the American reader first became acquainted with in December 1876.

And the famous writer Mark Twain wrote this wonderful book. Here are the memories his eldest daughter left about him: “He has very beautiful gray hair, not too thick and not too long, but just right; Roman nose, which makes his face seem even more beautiful, kind blue eyes and a bushy mustache.”

3. Students’ message about the writer in English and Russian

My dear friends!

Teacher: Our lesson is devoted to Mark Twain, a famous American writer. Some of his books are very popular with the children in our country, in other countries of the world and in America, of course. What books are these? Do you know (shows books)? Yes, you are right! Here are “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”, “The Prince and the Pauper”, “Life on the Mississippi”. These books are great favorites not only with the boys and girls all over the world but also with grownup readers.

Listen please some words about Mark Twain`s life.

In these books Mark Twain shows the joys and sorrows of children with such deep understanding and sympathy that readers always see themselves in the characters. As Mark Twain said later, many events in “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” really happened, and the characters were from real life.

There is also a b satirical element and humor in these books.

Mark Twain, whose real name was Samuel Clemens, was born in 1835 in the small town of Hannibal on the Mississippi River. He was the son of a lawyer.

Little Samuel spent his childhood in his native town. He was a bright, lively boy. He went fishing and swimming to the river and he was the leader in all the boy's games.

Samuel had a lot of friends at school. And when he became a writer he described them in his stories.

When Samuel was eleven years old, his father died, leaving his wife and four children with nothing. And the boy had to leave school and look for work. He learned the profession of a printer. For some years Samuel worked as a printer for the town newspaper and later for his elder brother, who at that time started a small newspaper of his own. The two young men published it themselves. Samuel wrote short humorous stories and printed them in their newspaper.

When Samuel was a boy, he dreamed of becoming a sailor. At the age of 20 he found a job on a ship traveling up and down the Mississippi.

Here on a ship he “found” his pen-name “Mark Twain”. It was taken from the call of the Mississippi pilots when they measured the depth of the river.

Many steamboats moved up and down the river carrying all kinds of people - rich and poor, farmers and businessmen, slave owners and slaves. Thus, Samuel Clemens saw America passing before his eyes. This work gave him the opportunity to get to know a great deal about life. He worked as a pilot for more than four years.

Later he used to speak about this time as the happiest period of his life and described it in his book “Life on the Mississippi”

Then the young man worked with the goldminers in California for a year. Here he began to write stories about camp life and sent them to newspapers under the name of Mark Twain.

The many professions that he tried gave Mark Twain a knowledge of life and people and helped him to find his true calling – that American satirical and critical literature began with Mark Twain.

In 1876 he published “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” and eight years later “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”. Children and grownups all over the world now know these two novels.

Writing did not bring much money to Mark Twain, so he had to give lectures on literature and read his stories to the public. He visited many countries and lived in England for a long time. In 1907 Oxford University gave Mark Twain an honorary doctorate of letters.

We advise you to read Mark Twain's books.

The teacher himself will determine the number of presenters who will talk about the life and work of Mark Twain. In all the scenes below, the main character is Tom Sawyer. This role can also be played by multiple students.

Sam Clemens was born in 1835. His parents were poor people. When father died little son I had to leave school and family and look for work. Life forced the boy to become a public figure. First he studied the printing trade and became a traveling typesetter. He wandered around the country, working in printing houses in big cities. However, something else attracted Sam Clemens. In his daring dreams, a boy from the city of Hannibal saw himself at the helm, leading large twin-pipe steamers through the rapids and rifts of the Mississippi. Sam Clemens entered the “puppy” (that’s the name of the pilot’s apprentices) with one of the most famous pilots on the river. “Having memorized the Mississippi, the young man became a brave steamboat driver.”

But Clemens could not stay in one place for long. He wanted to see everything and know everything. A few years later we will meet him on the outskirts of the country, in California, among gold miners. It was a harsh life, full of surprises and vivid impressions.

Here came a great revolution in Sam's fate: he became a writer. Sitting around the fires after a hard day, gold miners loved to tell funny and playful stories. Clemens decided to record one of these stories and publish it in a local newspaper. It was a story about Jim Smiley and his trained frog. Under the pen of Clemens, a simple story turned into a small miracle of fun and wit. It became clear that the young gold miner was gifted with great writing talent. He was invited to collaborate on the newspaper. Then his new name was born - Mark Twain. Few of those who read the essays and stories of the new writer knew that “Mark Twain” was an old expression of boatmasters, brought by Clemens from Mississippi. “Mark Twain!” - (measure two) the sailor shouts, having pulled the lot out of the water and making sure that the depth of the river is sufficient for the passage of ships.

Teacher: Certainly, English language not known to everyone. But the language of theater is an international language.

Watch the skits our classmates prepared. Try to remember what events the guys talk about in English.

4. Staging of the scene “Tom and Aunt Polly” (in English)

I hope that you read the work carefully and became convinced that Tom did not represent life

no trials, no adventures. Are you ready for the test?

Listen please to my children. They are today the heroes from the books by Mark Twain.

Scenes from the book “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”

Scene 1

Aunt Polly: Tom! Tom! Where is that boy? Where are you, Tom?

Aunt Polly: Oh, you've been in that closet. What were you doing there?

Aunt Polly: Nothing! Look at your hands. (Tom looks at his hands.) And look at your mouth. What is that?

Tom: I don’t know, Aunt.

Aunt Polly: Well, I know. It's jam, that's what it is. (Pointing to a switch on the floor) Hand me that switch!

Tom: Oh, look behind you, Aunt! Aunt Polly looks behind her. Tom runs away. Aunt stands surprised, then she breaks into a laugh and goes away.

Teacher: Tom liked the adventures very much but he didn’t like to go to school. We have a little story about Tom and about school for you.

Scene I I

Tom and Sid are in their beds. It is morning and time to get up. Tom doesn't want to go to school. He wants to be ill. Then he could stay at home.

Tom: oh, Sid, Sid!

Sid: What's the matter, Tom?

Tom: Oh, Sid! I am dying. I forgive you everything, Sid. When I am dead… (Groans.)

Sid: Oh, Tom, you are not dying! Don't!

Tom: I am not angry with Aunt Polly. Tell her so. And, Sid, give my cat with one eye to the new girl at school and tell her…

Sid runs away. A minute later Sid and Aunt Polly come in.

Sid: Oh, Aunt Polly, Tom is dying.

Aunt Polly: Dying?

Aunt Polly: Tom, what has happened to you, my boy?

Tom: Oh, Auntie, look at my right hand! It is red and hot.

Aunt Polly: Oh, Tom, stop that nonsense and get up!

Tom stops groaning. He feels a little foolish.

Tom: Oh, Auntie, it's so hot that I've forgotten about my tooth.

Aunt Polly: Your tooth! And what has happened to your tooth?

Tom: It’s loose and aches terribly.

Aunt Polly: Open your mouth. Well, you are right. Your tooth is loose. Sid, bring me some thread.

Tom: Oh, please, Auntie, don’t pull it out. It's all right now.

Sid brings the thread. Aunt Polly ties one end of the thread to Tom's tooth and the other to the bed. Then she suddenly claps her hands before Tom’s face. Tom falls back. The tooth hands on the thread.

Tom: Oh! oh!( He covers his mouth with his hands.) Oh! My tooth was all right. But I didn't want to go to school.

Aunt Polly: Oh, Tom, so all this is because you don’t want to go to school! You want to go fishing. Tom, Tom, I love you so dearly, and you... Now get up quickly and get ready to go to school!

6. The word of the literature teacher

Mark Twain was an inexhaustible inventor, a master of practical jokes, and believed that “nothing can resist laughter.”

Watch a re-enactment of the episode “Mark Twain and His Friend on the Train.” The scene is in English.

Mark Twain, as everyone knows, was a famous American writer. He wrote many stories, which are still popular in many countries today. Mark Twain was also famous in his days as a speaker. In his speeches Mark Twain always liked to tell funny stories and to play jokes on his friends.

Scene III

“A Journey with Mark Twain”

Mark Twain and his friend are buying tickets

Mark Twain's friend: "Mark, I have lost my money Pay please my train fare for me."

Mark Twain: "But I haven't enough money to pay both your fare and mine."

Mark Twain's friend: That's too bad. What shall I do then?"

Mark Twain: "I"ll tell you what we can do. We can get on the train and when the conductor asks the passengers for the tickets, you can get under my seat."

(Scene in the train. The conductor comes to ask for the tickets.Mark Twain gives him two tickets-one for himself and one for his friend.)

Conductor: "Your tickets, please."

Mark Twain: "My friend is a very strange man. When he travels on a train, he doesn"t like to sit on the seat. He prefers to lie on the floor under the seat."

If the guys don't understand, you can translate. At the station, a friend discovered that he had forgotten his money. Confused, he turned to Mark Twain: “What should we do?” The writer replied that he only had enough money for one ticket. Then he invited his friend to hide under the seat. The friend did just that. When the conductor entered, Mark Twain handed him two tickets, and showing him under the seat, he explained: “My friend is strange: he does not like to travel while sitting on a bench, but prefers to lie under it.”

5. Quiz

At the end of the skit, the children are offered a quiz “Mark Twain and his characters”.

I type "Pig in a poke"

From a pre-prepared bag, one of the students takes out cards with questions for each group. Cards should be of two types: one for children learning English, others for the rest of the class. Children learning English are encouraged to answer questions in English.

Sample list of questions in English

1.What is the real name by Mark Twain?

2.When and where did Mark Twain live?

3.What professions did he know?

4.What is his best novel?

5.What did Tom Sawyer like to eat?

a)milk
b)jam
c) honey

6. Tom didn't like to go…

a) to the river
b) to the school
c)to the church

7.What present did Tom Sawyer become for the whitewashing of the fence?

a)dead dog
b)dead cat
c)good dinner

8.Who was Tom Sawyer's best friend?

Students' correct answers are assessed with verbal praise.

Sample list of questions in Russian

1. What happened to the apple and gingerbread while painting the fence? ( Aunt Polly gave Tom an apple

and he stole the gingerbread from the pantry.)

2. What disease did Tom invent just to avoid going to school?( He reported that he had gangrene on his finger.)

3. Why did Tom and Huck go to the cemetery at night? ( Removing warts with a dead cat.)

4. Who was Tom's favorite hero? ( Robin Hood).

5. What would Tom and his friend prefer to the presidency, who would they like to become? ( Robbers from Sherwood Forest.)

6. Why did Tom tie the scarf as if his teeth hurt? ( So as not to let it slip in my sleep when I was delirious about the story of the murder in the cemetery.)

7. Why was Aunt Polly looking for a piece of bark in Tom’s pocket? ( She looked for the note to make sure that the boy was thinking about her on the island..)

8. Why did Tom join the Society of Friends of Temperance? ( Tom was attracted by the shiny uniform with a red scarf.)

9. How did Tom make peace with Becky?( Tom took the girl's blame when she tore the teacher's book.)

2nd round

The tasks of this tour are given to four groups at once and are completed simultaneously.

Assignments for children learning English.

1. Students are offered groups of adjectives, nouns, and verbs, from which they must create a description of Tom Sawyer as a literary character.

For example: gay, cheerful, merry, jolly, kind, helpful, hero, friend, bravemen, adventures, adventureslover, find, like, love, considerate, think.

2. Students write a letter-message to future readers, future adventure lovers in English. Well-prepared students can complete this task independently. Less prepared students can be given a pre-prepared letter cut into its component parts. They must connect the cut parts in the right order.

7. Group work

Independent generalization - a conclusion about the hero of the work - drawing up a syncwine.

Assignments for children who do not study English. Here are some options.

Tom Sawyer, who loves adventure and looks for it everywhere, fights, saves, creates, he is an eternal troublemaker for adults.

Tom Sawyer, in love, noble, courageous, seeks, cunning, invents, has a warm heart, subtle soul, he's a gentleman.

Assignment for the second group: write a letter to a fifth-grader asking him to read the works of M. Twain. The letter is the result of the group's work.

Letter to my younger brother

My little friend! Haven’t you read Mark Twain’s wonderful book “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” yet? How I envy you! You just have yet to enjoy laughing with the mischievous Tom Sawyer. You will only have eyes widened with delight, drinking in the lines describing the pranks of the cheerful eccentric Tom. All this is ahead. It is only important not to miss a minute and read this wonderful book on time.

Reading Mark Twain's book in time can decide your fate and determine your lofty goals.

It is unfair to believe that all responsibility for your education, for what you will be, lies on the shoulders of the teacher who taught you. The appearance of the school depends on each crew member on the ship, and on each student in the school. The more curious, well-read children there are in the classes, the more lively and interesting all the clubs work, the easier it is for the teacher to discover something new for the children, rather than waste time catching up those who are lagging behind and repeating what has been covered.

I am telling you this, your elder sister. Listen to me, Seryozha, and read as many books by Mark Twain as possible.

After completing the task, the children are asked to independently evaluate their work.

For self-assessment, cards with symbols are prepared:

8. Teacher's final words

Mark Twain, in my opinion, was one of the most talented writers of the last century. He left people more than 20 books and a huge number of unpublished manuscripts. “I am not yet familiar with the 20th century. I wish him good luck,” Twain wrote. Did he know that he himself would become one of the greatest successes of the 20th century? And his words: “Peace, happiness, brotherhood of people - that’s what we need in this world,” will be modern and timely.

Homework:

Filimonova Yana 07/19/2012 at 17:00

Mark Twain penned many works: from satirical sketches to novels. Perhaps the most significant remains his cycle of adventure novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. Like born in XIX century, an American writer came up with characters who became friends with children living a century later on the opposite side of the globe?

I had the opportunity to become acquainted with the adventures of Tom and Huck at the age of ten in the summer, in a half-abandoned village, where I was brought from the city to “get healthy.” None of their peers were nearby - only village grandmothers, goats and cows. So Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn kept me company for a whole month. And this month, despite the lack of real friends, became absolutely exciting.

Parish priests, Sunday school, slavery - all this was infinitely far from the everyday life of Soviet and post-Soviet children. But, apparently, the secret was that Twain managed to vividly convey the very essence of the children's world, which has not changed for centuries: boring lessons and the joy of forbidden swimming in the river, the sneak - the younger brother and the first childhood love, playing pirates and the dream of finding treasure: " There comes a time in the life of every normal boy when he experiences an insane desire to go somewhere and rummage in the ground to dig up a hidden treasure", wrote Twain.

The simple life of small towns in Missouri was familiar to the writer firsthand - it was there that Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain's real name) spent his childhood. In Hannibal, Missouri, the house where he played as a boy still stands. There are also caves nearby - the same ones in which, according to the plot of the favorite children's book, Tom and Becky got lost. But today it’s impossible to get lost in them: you’ll probably run into a guide leading another group of tourists through “Twain’s” places.

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer was published when Clemens Twain was 41 years old. The world of childhood is recreated with such love and so authentically, as if the author managed to uncover the secret of the time machine and briefly return to his own childhood. It is curious that Mark Twain conceived this book as a satire on contemporary American reality. Moreover, it was assumed that the book would be a work for adults. But the romanticism of childhood impressions and the writer’s good-natured humor softened the novel. " In my opinion, a story for boys should be written in such a way that it can interest any adult man who has ever been a boy", wrote Mark Twain. The story of Tom Sawyer is perhaps capable of captivating anyone who remembers being a child.

Perhaps, while working on the book, Clemens was trying to compensate himself for what life had deprived him of - a carefree childhood. Tom Sawyer is twelve years old and, most likely, this age was not chosen by the author by chance. It was at the age of twelve that Samuel’s childhood ended. In 1847, his father died of pneumonia, leaving behind nothing but a pile of debts. The eldest of Clemens Sr.'s four sons, Orion, went into the publishing business to support his family. Soon Samuel began helping him in his work - first as an apprentice typesetter, and later as a typographer and even an author of articles. The future writer, who had a very sharp tongue, published his first works in his brother’s newspaper.

Clemens’s next profession also played a role (and he tried many of them during his 75-year life). The mighty Mississippi River, on the banks of which Samuel grew up, beckoned him to take up shipping. For five years the young man served on river ships and eventually received his pilot's license. As Samuel admitted, if civil war did not put an end to private shipping, he would not have thought of doing anything else. And the world, we note, would be left without many talented books. So every cloud has a silver lining. By the way, it was nostalgia for his favorite business that later inspired Clemens to take a pseudonym, now known throughout the world. The term "Mark twain" was used by pilots to designate a depth sufficient for the safe passage of ships along the river - two fathoms, or a little more than three and a half meters.

Mississippi also inspired Twain for the next novel from the series of adventures of Tom Sawyer, which to this day is considered the author’s greatest contribution to world literature - “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” In this book, the story is told from the perspective of Tom's best friend, the little tramp Huck. It is written in appropriately colloquial, even rude, language. " Several dialects are used in this book, namely, the Missouri Negro dialect, the harshest form of the Pike County backwoods dialect, and four somewhat softened varieties of the latter."- Twain wrote in the preface to the book. - Shades of dialect were not chosen at random or at random, but, on the contrary, very carefully, under reliable guidance, supported by my personal acquaintance with all these forms of speech". The author ironically summed up: " I give this explanation because without it, many readers would assume that all my characters are trying to imitate each other in their speech and they are not succeeding.".

The rebel Huck, by the way, remained the writer’s favorite hero throughout his life. Huckleberry expressed his view of the world of adult conventions and decency in “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”: “... I can’t stand these orders! Please get up at the same hour every morning; Whether you like it or not, go wash yourself; then they brutally scratch your head with a comb; she won't let me sleep in the woodshed. And those damn clothes! She's choking me, Tom. (...) The widow eats when the bell rings, and goes to bed when the bell rings, and gets up when the bell rings... And such terrible orders in everything - no person can endure". The adult world, described through the eyes of a child in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, appears crystal clear in a way that adults are probably no longer able to see it: an attempt to save a black slave according to "rules" taken from adventure novels, adult swindlers and drunkards who seem ridiculous, plantation families waging a senseless blood feud, and true friends who do not leave in trouble.

Twain later reflected on the possible future of his heroes. Tom Sawyer, he reasoned, would grow up and “begin to lie like everyone else lies.” But the matured Huck, in his opinion, should have retained the independent character of a romantic tramp. Perhaps in the image of Huck, Mark Twain invested the best that lived in his own soul since childhood. And this idealized boy - a romantic, a loyal friend and an eternal adventurer - will win the hearts of children and adults for centuries to come.

According to the most famous works Mark Twain, which have become recognized classics in the world

Characters

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Character Groups

Total characters - 119

"Archangel"

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Mad hermit. He was once a monk, but when Henry VIII began to impose Protestantism in England, the Catholic monasteries were destroyed and the brethren were dispersed, he turned into nothing. He hates the late king, believes that by the grace of Henry he became homeless and homeless and therefore was going to deal with his son.

Lawyer Thatcher

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Local lawyer, brother of Judge Thatcher.

Alisande a la Carteloise

0 0 0

Wife of Yankee, who calls her Sandy.

Alfred Temple

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Classmate of Tom and Becky. He considers himself, according to Tom Sawyer, an aristocrat and is dressed to the nines. He came to St. Petersburg from St. Louis and on the first day had a fight with Tom, who sincerely hated Alfred and called him a dandy. Temple reciprocates his feelings, and when Becky Thatcher, during a quarrel with Tom, decided to make her admirer jealous with the help of Alfred, he, in retaliation, without hesitation, spoils his happy rival by filling his textbook with ink.

Buck Grangerford

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The youngest son of Colonel Grangerford, he became friends with Huck during his stay with the Grangerfords.

Ben Rogers

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Tom Sawyer's classmate, his friend. Tom is most afraid of Ben's ridicule.

Ben Rucker

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Friend of the Wilkes family.

0 0 0

Bandit and murderer from a gang from the half-sunken ship "Walter Scott". He wanted to shoot Jim Turner, but was dissuaded from it by his friend Jake Packard.

Billy Fisher

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Bob Grangerford

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Eldest son of Colonel Grangerford.

Bob Tanner

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The same age as Tom Sawyer, an “expert” in removing warts using rotten water.

0 0 0

A drunkard, “the first fool in all of Arkansas, but not at all evil, he wouldn’t hurt a fly.” He staged a drunken swearing near the house of Colonel Sherborne, for which he was shot dead with a gun.

The widow Douglass

0 0 0

The owner of the only manor house in the whole city, a hospitable hostess and organizer of the most brilliant holidays; beautiful woman about forty years old, a kind soul, known to everyone for his generosity and wealth.

Willie Mufferson (The Model Boy)

0 0 0

An exemplary child, a favorite of city ladies and the object of universal hatred of all city brats

Harvey Wilks

0 0 0

English preacher, uncle of the three Wilkes orphan girls: Mary Jane, Suzanne and Joanna. Was supposed to attend the funeral of the deceased rich man Peter Wilkes. The Dauphin pretended to be him, tricking him into extracting all the information from a local boy.

Harney Shepherdson

0 0 0

Lover of Miss Sophia Grangerford. Together with her he escaped from his native place, managed to cross the river and found himself out of reach.

Huckleberry Finn (Huck)

5 3 0

The son of a homeless drunkard, he grows up as a homeless child and a ragamuffin. He spends the night in an empty sugar barrel, smokes a pipe, does not go to school, is idle, and he likes this life.

Henry VIII Tudor

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King of England, second English monarch from the Tudor dynasty. Known as a typical representative of European absolutism. He completely subjugated parliament and carried out religious reform in England after a break with the Roman Catholic Church, which occurred due to a divorce from his wife, the Spanish Catherine of Aragon, who was rejected for the lack of male heirs. Known violent temper, cruelty, suspicion, merciless eradication of their ideological opponents. He was married six times: he divorced two wives (Catherine of Aragon and Anne of Cleves), two of the king's wives (Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard) were executed allegedly for adultery, Jane Seymour died of childbed fever, and only Catherine Parr survived the king, remaining a widow . Henry's only son, Edward, was a long-awaited and beloved child by the king. It happened that Henry scolded his son, but never raised a hand to him.

The duke

0 0 0

A tramp about thirty years old; a clever swindler with pretense of intelligence and cunning. He loves Shakespeare and drama theatre, loves to “play roles,” but complains that in such a wilderness “no one understands” him and takes pleasure in fooling people in all the towns along the Mississippi. When meeting Huck and Jim, he introduces himself as the “Duke of Bridgewater” in order to gain all the conveniences of traveling comfortably on a raft.

the Duke of Norfolk

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Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, an English statesman and military leader, held the positions of Lord Treasurer and Marshal at court, and after the resignation of Cardinal Wolsey, he accepted the great royal seal. An ardent Catholic. Norfolk's son, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, had the intention of pulling the king back to the side of strict Catholicism, and within a few days he was arrested along with his father and ended up on the scaffold. Norfolk was saved only by the death of the king.

0 0 0

Baptist preacher, friend of the late Wilkes family.

Count Hertford

0 0 0

Edward Seymour, Viscount Beauchamp, Earl of Hertford - brother of Queen Jane Seymour and uncle of the prince and later King Edward VI. After the death of Henry VIII, he bribed the executors of the late king and became Lord Protector and “guardian of the king’s person,” and soon, on behalf of his young nephew, the sovereign, assigned himself the title “Duke of Somerset.”

Gracie Miller

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Same age as Tom Sawyer, sister of Johnny Miller.

0 0 0

A young robber from the gang that “sheltered” John Canty and Edward. Beaten by Edward with a stick according to all the rules of fencing, for which, in revenge, he deceives the young king into the hands of the law - for stealing a pig.

Hugh Hendon

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Younger brother of Miles Hendon. He slandered him in front of his father, achieved expulsion, and he himself brought his father and older brother Arthur to the grave and forced his father’s pupil, a rich heiress, to marry him. count's title Lady Edith, who loved Miles. He was exposed by King Edward, after which he abandoned his wife and fled to the continent, where he soon died.

Jake Packard

0 0 0

The killer from the gang from the half-sunken ship "Walter Scott". He was against shooting Jim Turner, proposing to leave him tied up and wait for him to go down with the ship.

Jeff Thatcher

0 0 0

Son of Thatcher's lawyer and cousin of Becky. Tom Sawyer's classmate.

0 1 0

A black man who ran away from his mistress - Miss Watson. Together with Huck, he rafted along the Mississippi to the North in the hope of freeing himself from slavery. Not too smart, but kind and loyal.

Jim Turner

0 0 0

Bandit from the gang from the half-sunken ship "Walter Scott". He was tied up by his own accomplices who wanted to kill him.

Jim Hollis

0 0 0

Same age and classmate of Tom Sawyer.

Joe Harper

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Classmate and bosom friend of Tom Sawyer. “The boys were friends all week, but on Saturdays they fought like enemies.” During the times of “piracy” on Jackson Island, he was nicknamed “The Storm of the Oceans.”

Joanna Wilks (The hare-lip)

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Orphan, youngest (13 years old) daughter of the late carpenter George Wilkes; "The one with the cleft lip and wants to do good deeds."

John Canty

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Tom Canty's father is a thief from the Garbage Court, an ignorant, rude drunkard who beats his wife and children.

Johnny Miller

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Same age as Tom Sawyer, classmate.

Doctor Robinson

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Local doctor. Forced to illegally dig up recently buried corpses from graves for medical purposes. Was killed by Injun Joe in the cemetery.

Dr. Robinson

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A friend of the Wilkes family, "a tall man with a square jaw." Direct and honest, he exposed the fraudsters - the Duke and the Dauphin - as "English uncles" and called for them to be expelled, but no one listened to him.

The dauphin

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A tramp about seventy years old; a swindler and a first-rate swindler. He introduces himself upon meeting as “the unfortunate, missing Dauphin of Louis the Seventeenth, son of Louis the Sixteenth and Marie Antoinette.” Not particularly smart, but cunning, greedy and very greedy for money. He does not hesitate to use any means in pursuit of profit.

Dunois (Bastard of Orleans)

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This is his title. Also a French military leader. A royal bastard, but not Karla.

Joan of Arc

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National heroine of France, Virgin of Orleans and de Rais' dream. In the novel she had the gift of clairvoyance.

Slide 1

MARK TWAIN
Prepared by: teacher of Russian language and literature Mytnik Valentina Gavrilovna

Slide 2

Slide 3

"All American literature came from one book - The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, written by Mark Twain." American writer E. HEMINGWAY
“I received my purest pleasure from the charming epics of my youth - Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn.” English writer D. GALSWORTHY

Slide 4

MARK TWAIN (Samuel Clemens) (1835-1910)
“Even the most serious, businesslike American, when they talk about this world-famous boy, begins to smile and his eyes become kinder.” I. ILF and E. PETROV about Tom Sawyer
“I’m reading your “The Prince and the Pauper” for the fourth time. And I know: this is the best book for young people ever written." American writer Harriet Beecher Stowe
Go

Slide 5

Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens) was born on November 30, 1835 in America, in the small village of Florida, Missouri. He was a lively, inquisitive boy and passionately loved the river. The parents knew that if Sammy disappeared, they needed to look for him on the river. Not far from the Clemens' house flowed a small river that flowed into the Mississippi. He was not yet five years old when he fell into the water and began to drown. Fortunately, some black boys were passing by. They dragged the wet, shivering Sammy into their boat.
"Teacher River"
House in Florida, Missouri, where Samuel Clemens was born

Slide 6

Soon the family moved to the town of Hannibal on the Mississippi River. This great American river is called Mark Twain's teacher. Rich passengers sported fashionable clothes on the ships. Black musicians entertained passengers. As a child, Mark Twain had no greater desire than to become a sailor, to put on a white cabin boy's uniform or an oiled mechanic's jacket, to learn the words used by river wolves, and someday to walk through the streets of Hannibal with the swaying gait of a pilot accustomed to pitching and storms.
"Teacher River"
School in Hannibal

Slide 7

For five years, Mark Twain worked as a river pilot. He took his nickname from the river: “Mark Twain - mark two” - this meant that the depth was sufficient so that the ship would not run aground. Navigating the river at night, during high water, when it changes its course, was a challenge for the young pilot. The river opened the way to a huge world.
"Teacher River"
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Slide 8

Mark Twain traveled a lot around America, mined silver and gold, and worked for newspapers. And most importantly, he looked closely at people, studied their characters. In 1865, he wrote his first story, "The Famous Jumping Frog of Calaveras." And he immediately became famous.

Slide 9

The cover of his very first book was decorated with a huge bright yellow frog. Such frogs do not exist in nature. But Twain wrote about an extraordinary frog - it could jump especially far. This story has been making readers laugh for the second century.
"And a frog can make a man famous"
“A Leap to Glory” - this is a funny caricature I drew on young writer American artist W.J. Welch
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Slide 10

In 1876, Mark Twain's most famous book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, was published. Tom is a mischievous boy, an inventor, a lover of adventure, and remains the most beloved hero of many generations of readers. He knows how to turn everyday life into a true fireworks display of fiction and fantasy, romance and play.
Artist V. Sergeev

Slide 11

Tom is kind and sensitive to other people's misfortunes. It is necessary to save Becky from the rods - and he, a true knight, takes the blame upon himself and endures the flogging without a single groan. It is necessary to protect the innocent Muff Potter, who is facing execution - he speaks at the trial, feeling the heavy gaze of Injun Joe on him. Huck Finn is not behind Tom in any way.
Tom and Huck will never grow old

Slide 12

No wonder in the town of Hannibal to friends - literary heroes- erected a monument.
Tom and Huck will never grow old
Monument to Tom Sawyer and Huck Finn in Hannibal
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Slide 13

In 1884, the book “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” was published in England, about which the American writer Ernest Hemingway said: “All American literature came from one book - “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.” Huck's meeting with the black Jim moves the reader from the situation of the game to another situation where a moral choice is necessary. For the first time, the runaway slave Jim felt like an equal with an equal here, on the raft, next to Huck.

Slide 14

Orphan Huck understands life incomparably more subtly than Tom. It is not for nothing that Mark Twain narrates this novel in the first person, from the perspective of Huck. Concentratedly, as an adult, Huck thinks about the inability of people to organize their affairs fairly and wisely, so as not to deceive each other, not to pursue dishonest earnings, not to persecute a person just for the color of his skin.
"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"
Artist V. Goryaev

Slide 15

Having begun as a game, as a fun adventure, swimming became a struggle for justice, for an honestly arranged life, when all people are free and all people are brothers.
"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"
Artist A. Vlasova
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Slide 16

“Do you think Tom has calmed down after all the adventures that we had on the river - well, those when we freed the Negro Jim and when Tom was shot in the leg? Nothing happened. He got even more upset - that's all. This is how the story “Tom Sawyer Abroad” (1893) begins, where Tom, Huck and Jim travel to Africa in a hot air balloon, spend the night in the desert, and get acquainted with the pyramids in Egypt.
Artist A. Vlasova
Novels about Tom Sawyer

Slide 17

Two years later, the book “Tom Sawyer - Detective” is published. And again, the book is written on behalf of Huck Finn, telling how Tom managed to solve a complicated case involving diamond theft and murder.
Novels about Tom Sawyer
Artist A. Vlasova
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Slide 18

Twain always loved honest mischief-makers. So he places the ragged Tom Canty, the main character of the novel “The Prince and the Pauper,” on the English throne.
"The Prince and the Pauper"
Tom only wanted to look at the prince, but chance gave him the opportunity to meet the real Prince of Wales, very similar to Tom, exchange clothes with him and become the English king for a while.

Slide 19

Tom is not a fraudster at all, he tries to explain to the courtiers that he accidentally ended up in the palace, but they don’t want to listen to anything and declare him mentally ill. And the boy is having a hard time in the palace, he wants to go back to his beggarly courtyard, but he is gradually getting used to his new position and is even embarrassed to scratch his nose himself, because there are servants for that. The royal wardrobe seems meager to him. And he orders new outfits in the thousands. And the royal seal finds a worthy use: he cracks nuts with it.
"The Prince and the Pauper"

Slide 20

Only chance puts everything in its place. And the real prince who has suffered, having become acquainted with the life of ordinary people, returns to the palace. Why did Mark Twain write this fascinating fairy tale? Not just for the sake of entertaining your readers. He wanted them to understand: at all times, people have suffered injustice, and at all times there have been people who rebelled against injustice. By telling a tale about the distant past, Mark Twain wanted readers to think about what the inhabitants of medieval England and people of the modern world had in common.
"The Prince and the Pauper"
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Slide 21

“In Mark Twain’s notebooks we read: “I imagined myself as a knight errant in armor in the Middle Ages. The needs and habits of our time; the resulting inconveniences. There are no pockets in the armor. I can’t scratch myself, I have a runny nose - I can’t blow my nose, I can’t get a handkerchief, I can’t wipe my nose with an iron sleeve. My armor heats up in the sun, lets in moisture when it rains, and turns me into ice in frosty weather. As I enter the church, an unpleasant clanging sound is heard. I can't get dressed, I can't undress. Lightning strikes me. I’m falling and can’t get up.” This is the poor guy the writer dreamed of, and he decided to write the novel “A Connecticut Yankee at the Court of King Arthur.”

Slide 22

The novel begins with an absolutely incredible event. During the fight, someone grabbed the main character Hank Morgan on the head. When the victim woke up, it turned out that from the American city of Hartford he had moved to the British Isles, and from the nineteenth century to the sixth, during the time of King Arthur, the Knights of the Round Table, Lancelot, Guinevere and the sorcerer Merlin.
"A Yankee in King Arthur's Court"
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Slide 23

Mark Twain considered the book about Joan of Arc the main work of his life. The author introduces the novel with the words of Lajos Kossuth: “Let us pay attention to one important feature. Since history has been written, Joan of Arc is the only one among women and men who when “At the age of seventeen he held the post of commander-in-chief of the country’s armed forces.” Sieur de Comte, on whose behalf the story is told, is a fictitious figure.
"Personal memories of Joan of Arc"

Slide 24

Louis de Comte explains Joan's strength this way: “She came from the people and knew the people.” Great in battle, she was even greater in her ability to inspire the despairing. She turned the tide of the Hundred War, fought for her desecrated homeland, for justice, so that the war would stop devastating French soil. Jeanne, the Maid of Orleans, was burned at the stake in May 1431 at the age of nineteen.
And almost all other characters bear the names of real people and are depicted as they appear from the pages of court records and chronicles of the 15th century. Let's live in such a way that even the undertaker will feel sorry when we die. Go

Twelve-year-old boys, residents of the small provincial American town of St. Petersburg, playmates and amusements that their indefatigable imagination gives birth to every now and then. Tom Sawyer is an orphan. He is raised by his late mother's sister, the pious Aunt Polly. The boy is completely uninterested in the life that flows around him, but he is forced to observe generally accepted rules: go to school, attend church services on Sundays, dress neatly, have good table manners, go to bed early - although every now and then he breaks them, causing the indignation of his aunt.

Tom is no stranger to enterprise and resourcefulness. Well, who else, having received the task of whitewashing a long fence as punishment, could turn things around so that other boys would paint the fence, and besides, paying for the right to take part in such an exciting event with “treasures”: some with a dead rat, and some with a piece of a dental buzzer. And not everyone will be able to receive the Bible as a reward for the excellent title of its content, without actually knowing a single line. But Tom did it! Playing a prank on someone, fooling someone, coming up with something unusual is Tom’s element. Reading a lot, he strives to make his own life as bright as the one in which the heroes of the novels act. He embarks on “love adventures”, arranges games of Indians, pirates, and robbers. Tom finds himself in all sorts of situations thanks to his surging energy: either at night in a cemetery he witnesses a murder, or he is present at his own funeral.

Sometimes Tom is capable of almost heroic actions in life. For example, when he takes the blame for Becky Thacher - the girl he awkwardly tries to look after - and endures the teacher's spanking. He is a charming guy, this Tom Sawyer, but he is a child of his time, of his city, accustomed to leading a double life. When necessary, he is quite capable of taking on the image of a boy from a decent family, realizing that everyone does this.

The situation is completely different with Tom's closest friend, Huck Finn.

He is the son of a local drunkard who doesn't care about the child. Nobody forces Huck to go to school. He is completely left to his own devices. Pretense is alien to the boy, and all the conventions of civilized life are simply unbearable. For Huck, the main thing is to be free, always and in everything. “He didn’t need to wash or put on a clean dress, and he could swear amazingly. In a word, he had everything that makes life wonderful,” the writer concludes. Huck is undoubtedly attracted to the entertaining games Tom invents, but what Huck values ​​most is personal freedom and independence. Having lost them, he feels out of place, and precisely in order to find them again, Huck in the second novel already undertakes a dangerous journey alone, leaving his hometown forever.

In gratitude for saving him from Injun Joe's revenge, the Widow Douglas took Huck into her care. The widow's servants washed him, combed and brushed his hair, and laid him down on disgustingly clean sheets every night. He had to eat with a knife and fork and attend church. Poor Huck lasted only three weeks and disappeared. They were looking for him, but without Tom’s help they would hardly have been able to find him. Tom manages to outwit the simple-minded Huck and return him to the widow for some time. Then Huck mystifies his own death. He himself gets into the shuttle and floats with the flow.

During the trip, Huck also experiences many adventures, shows resourcefulness and ingenuity, but not out of boredom and the desire to have fun, as before, but out of vital necessity, primarily for the sake of saving the runaway black man Jim. It is Huck's ability to think about others that makes his character especially attractive. This is probably why Mark Twain himself saw him as a hero of the 20th century, when, from the writer’s point of view, there would no longer be racial prejudice, poverty and injustice.