The last major work by A.S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter” was short in volume but incredibly deep in meaning. The classic himself, who devoted more than one year to writing it, admitted in his diaries that the work became his philosophical and creative testament, in which he was able to reflect all the thoughts that worried him.

The novel itself primarily contains Christian didacticism. He refers the reader to the Gospel of Matthew, to the Sermon on the Mount of Jesus Christ and to his covenant to be a true righteous man, to do nothing for show and to carry love for his neighbor in his heart, to remain merciful even with the enemy, to take care of honor and dignity. This has been noted many times by literary scholars.

Historian G. Fedotov, for example, called “The Captain’s Daughter” the most Christian work in the entire history of Russian literature. He noted that this is a story about “quiet righteousness.” There is no doubt that the heroine of the novel, Masha Mironova, becomes the bearer of this righteousness.

Despite the fact that the main semantic load falls on the idea of ​​Christian love, Pushkin does not lose sight of romantic love. This is perhaps the most striking and interesting storyline in the work, which makes “The Captain’s Daughter” so attractive even to the modern reader.

The main character of the story, Petrusha Grinev, grew up as a teenager: he chased pigeons, listened to the stories of the poultry woman and rudely scolded his uncle Savelich. Tired of his son’s sloppiness, Grinev Sr. sends him to “serve, smell gunpowder” to the provincial Belogorsk fortress. Surprisingly, it is there that colossal historical events will unfold, which will play an important role in the life of Petrusha and other heroes. And it is here, in the Belogorsk fortress, that a spoiled but honest, noble young man will be lucky enough to meet his true love.

At first, Marya Ivanovna, the daughter of Captain Mironov, the girl who will be able to win Grinev’s heart, will not attract his attention. She was not pretty, had poor health and a sensitive heart. The mother, Vasilisa Egorovna, called her daughter a coward to her face and warned her that she was afraid of a gun shot.

It is interesting that the heroes, who initially appear not in the most favorable light, ultimately unite and change each other for the better. Their souls desperately grow stronger, and the love that arose between them leads them to true happiness and salvation.

The love line in the novel “The Captain's Daughter” is complicated by dramatic twists and turns. Thus, for the first time Masha shows her character when she finds herself marrying her lover without the blessing of his parents. She tells Grinev that without their approval, he, Petrusha, will not be happy. This reveals the amazing nobility of the heroine, ready to sacrifice her own happiness for the sake of the happiness of her loved one.

Later, the trials will become much more terrible: Masha Mironova’s parents die at the hands of vile rebels, and the girl herself is miraculously saved by the priest - in this episode the Christocentric motifs of Pushkin’s works also appear. Grinev finds himself separated from his beloved. Soon she is captured and finds herself in the clutches of the traitor Shvabrin. He demands the girl’s consent to marry him, but Masha, observing Christ’s commandment from the Sermon on the Mount “do not commit adultery in your heart,” remains faithful to another. The nobility of her soul appears in the episode where she frantically admits that she is ready to die rather than sell herself to save her body.

The captain's daughter has to seek protection from the rebel Pugachev himself, despite her previous “cowardice.” Love for Grinev enormously changed the character of Masha Mironova. Against her will, she had to become courageous, strong and brave, devoted to her lover. When he needs help, it is she, a weak woman, who goes to the capital to do everything in her power to save Pyotr Andreich.

It’s interesting that love in “The Captain’s Daughter” takes on a tinge of... belligerence! Alexander Sergeich takes his heroes through many difficult tests and subjects them to the need to make difficult moral choices. And in the conditions of historical drama, the senseless and merciless Russian rebellion, Masha and Peter seem to deserve spiritual cleansing. The author seems to be arranging for them the circles of Hell and Purgatory in order to ultimately lead the heroes through pain and suffering to heavenly life on earth.

It seems that in this novel A.S. Pushkin creates a somewhat exaggerated image of an ideal relationship between a man and a woman - a relationship where harmony, mutual respect and selfless devotion to each other reign, the willingness to sacrifice everything for the sake of a loved one. The historical background against which this love story unfolds is needed only in order to more strikingly show the contrast between base feelings - the thirst for power, cruelty, etc. - and true love, which every person on earth should strive for.

In the name of love.

The novel "The Captain's Daughter" tells the story of the dramatic events of the 70s of the 18th century, when the discontent of peasants and residents of the outskirts of Russia resulted in a war led by Emelyan Pugachev. Initially, Pushkin wanted to write a novel dedicated only to the Pugachev movement, but censorship was unlikely to let it through. Therefore, the main storyline becomes the love of the young nobleman Pyotr Grinev for the daughter of the captain of the Belogorsk fortress, Masha Mironova.

In "The Captain's Daughter" several storylines develop simultaneously. One of them is the love story of Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova. This love line continues throughout the novel. At first, Peter reacted negatively to Masha due to the fact that Shvabrin described her as “a complete fool.” But then Peter gets to know her better and discovers that she is “noble and sensitive.” He falls in love with her, and she also reciprocates his feelings.

Grinev loves Masha very much and is ready to do anything for her. He proves this more than once. When Shvabrin humiliates Masha, Grinev quarrels with him and even shoots himself. When Peter is faced with a choice: to obey the general’s decision and stay in the besieged city or to respond to Masha’s desperate cry “you are my only patron, stand up for me, poor one!”, Grinev leaves Orenburg to save her. During the trial, risking his life, he does not consider it possible to name Masha, fearing that she will be subjected to a humiliating interrogation - “it occurred to me that if I named her, the commission would demand her to answer; and the idea of ​​entangling her among vile accusations villains and bring her herself to a confrontation..."

But Masha’s love for Grinev is deep and devoid of any selfish motives. She does not want to marry him without parental consent, thinking that otherwise Peter “will not have happiness.” From a timid “coward,” she, by the will of circumstances, is reborn into a decisive and persistent heroine who managed to achieve the triumph of justice. She goes to the empress's court to save her lover and defend her right to happiness. Masha was able to prove Grinev’s innocence and his faithfulness to his oath. When Shvabrin wounds Grinev, Masha nurses him, “Marya Ivanovna never left my side.” Thus, Masha will save Grinev from shame, death and exile, just as he saved her from shame and death.

For Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova, everything ends well, and we see that no vicissitudes of fate can ever break a person if he is determined to fight for his principles, ideals, and love. An unprincipled and dishonest person who has no sense of duty often faces the fate of being left alone with his disgusting actions, baseness, meanness, without friends, loved ones and just close people.

The love story of Masha Mironova and Peter Grinev

Story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" is considered the pinnacle of the writer's creativity. In it, the author touched on many important issues - duty and honor, the meaning of human life, love.
Despite the fact that the image of Pyotr Grinev is at the center of the story, Masha Mironova plays a large role in the work. I think it is the daughter of Captain Mironov who embodies the ideal of A.S. Pushkin is the ideal of a person full of self-esteem, with an innate sense of honor, capable of feats for the sake of love. It seems to me that it was thanks to mutual love for Masha that Pyotr Grinev became a real man - a man, a nobleman, a warrior.
We first meet this heroine when Grinev arrives at the Belogorsk fortress. At first, the modest and quiet girl did not make much of an impression on the hero: “... a girl of about eighteen, chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, which was burning.”
Grinev was sure that Captain Mironov’s daughter was a “fool,” because his friend Shvabrin had told him this more than once. And Masha’s mother “added fuel to the fire” - she told Peter that her daughter was a “coward”: “...Ivan Kuzmich decided to shoot from our cannon on my name day, so she, my dear, almost went to the next world out of fear.” .
However, the hero soon realizes that Masha is a “prudent and sensitive girl.” Somehow, imperceptibly, true love arises between the heroes, which has withstood all the tests encountered along the way.
Probably the first time Masha showed her character was when she refused to marry Grinev without the blessing of his parents. According to this pure and bright girl, “without their blessing you will not be happy.” Masha, first of all, thinks about the happiness of her loved one, and for his sake she is ready to sacrifice her own. She even admits the idea that Grinev may find himself another wife - one that his parents will accept.
During the bloody events of the capture of the Belogorsk fortress, Masha loses both parents and remains an orphan. However, she passes this test with honor. Finding herself alone in the fortress, surrounded by enemies, Masha does not succumb to Shvabrin’s pressure - she remains faithful to Pyotr Grinev to the end. Nothing can force a girl to betray her love, to become the wife of a man whom she despises: “He is not my husband. I will never be his wife! I decided better to die, and I will die if they don’t deliver me.”
Masha finds an opportunity to give Grinev a letter in which she tells about her misfortune. And Peter saves Masha. Now it becomes clear to everyone that these heroes will be together, that they are destiny for each other. Therefore, Grinev sends Masha to his parents, who accept her as a daughter. And soon they begin to love her for her human merits, because it is this girl who saves her lover from slander and trial.
After Peter's arrest, when there is no hope left for his release, Masha decides to take an unheard of act. She goes alone to the empress herself and tells her about all the events, asking Catherine for mercy. And she, having taken a liking to the sincere and brave girl, helps her: “Your matter is over. I am convinced of your fiancé’s innocence.”
Thus, Masha saves Grinev, just as he, a little earlier, saved his bride. The relationship of these heroes, it seems to me, is the author’s ideal of a relationship between a man and a woman, where the main things are love, respect, and selfless devotion to each other.

The relationship between Grinev and Masha

I recently read A. S. Pushkin’s work “The Captain’s Daughter”. Pushkin worked on this story in 1834-1836. It is based on pictures of a popular peasant uprising caused by the difficult, powerless situation of the enslaved people. The story is written in the first person - Peter Grinev, who is also the main character. No less interesting personality in this work is Masha Mironova. When Peter arrived at the Belogorsk fortress, at first Masha, according to Shvabrin’s prejudice, seemed to him very modest and quiet - “a complete fool,” but then, when they got to know each other better, he found in her a “prudent and sensitive girl”

Masha loved her parents very much and treated them with respect. Her parents were uneducated people with limited horizons. But at the same time, these were extremely simple and good-natured people, devoted to their duty, ready to fearlessly die for what they considered “the shrine of their conscience.”

Marya Ivanovna did not like Shvabrin. “He is very disgusting to me,” said Masha. Shvabrin is the complete opposite of Grinev. He is educated, smart, observant, an interesting conversationalist, but in order to achieve his goals, he could commit any dishonorable act.

Savelich’s attitude towards Masha can be seen from his letter to Grinev’s father: “And that such an opportunity happened to him is no reproach for the fellow: a horse with four legs, but stumbles.” Savelich believed that the love between Grinev and Masha was a natural development of events.

At first, Grinev’s parents, having received Shvabrin’s false denunciation, treated Masha with distrust, but after Masha moved in with them, they changed their attitude towards her.

All the best qualities are revealed in Masha during her trip to Tsarskoe Selo. Masha, confident that she is to blame for her fiancé’s troubles, goes to see the Empress. A timid, weak, modest girl, who has never left the fortress alone, suddenly decides to go to the empress to prove her fiancé’s innocence at any cost.

Nature foretells good luck in this matter. “The morning was beautiful, the sun illuminated the tops of the linden trees... The wide lake shone motionless...” Masha's meeting with the queen happened unexpectedly. Masha, trusting the unfamiliar lady, told her everything why she came to the queen. She speaks simply, openly, frankly, and convinces the stranger that her fiancé is not a traitor. For Masha, this was a kind of rehearsal before her visit to the Empress, so she speaks boldly and convincingly. It is this chapter that explains the title of the story: a simple Russian girl turns out to be a winner in a difficult situation, a real captain’s daughter.

Love between Grinev and Masha did not break out right away, because the young man did not like the girl at first. We can say that everything happened very casually. The young people saw each other day after day, gradually got used to each other and opened up to their feelings.

Almost at the beginning of the story, the love of Masha and Grinev comes to a dead end because of Grinev’s father, who categorically refused consent to the marriage, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, Masha’s decisive refusal to marry Grinev “without the blessing” of his parents. Grinev “fell into a gloomy reverie,” “lost the desire for reading and literature,” and only “unexpected incidents” associated with Pugachev’s uprising brought his romance with Masha to a new level of serious testing.

The young people passed these tests with honor. Grinev boldly came to Pugachev, the leader of the peasant uprising, to save his bride and achieved this. Masha goes to the empress and, in turn, saves her fiancé.

It seems to me that A.S. It was with great pleasure that Pushkin ended this story on an optimistic note. Grinev was released, Masha was treated kindly by the empress. The young people got married. Grinev's father, Andrei Petrovich, received a letter of acquittal from Catherine II against his son. I liked this story precisely because it ended happily, that Masha and Peter, despite the most difficult trials, preserved and did not betray their love.

Many critics say that the story “The Captain's Daughter” is one of the best works written by Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin; it is considered the crown of his work. In this story, Pushkin touched upon questions that concern humanity to this day: these are questions about honor and valor, about love and parental care, about what is the meaning of human life.

Pushkin focuses all his attention on the description of Grinev, but nevertheless, it can be said that Masha Mironova, a simple girl, embodies Pushkin’s ideal -

She is a person capable of feats, self-sacrifice, she has an innate sense of honor and dignity. We can assume that it is thanks to the huge all-encompassing machine of love that Grinev becomes a real person.

For the first time we see Masha Mironova when Grinev arrives at the Belogorsk fortress for service. Masha does not make a huge impression on the hero: she is unremarkable, modest, and not beautiful. Initially, Grinev even thinks that Masha is some kind of fool, and his friend Shvabrin diligently convinces him of this.

However, soon Grinev understands

How wrong the first impression is - he manages to discern in Masha Mironova those human qualities that are highly valued in society. He understands that Masha is a sensitive, modest and prudent girl. Tender feelings develop between our heroes, which quickly develop into love.

Also noteworthy is the scene where Masha Mironova first shows her true character: she refuses Grinev’s proposal to marry him. Masha argues that she cannot take such a serious step without her parents’ blessing: this suggests that the girl respects the opinion of Grinev’s parents. Masha is also ready to sacrifice her happiness for the sake of the happiness of her beloved: she even invites him to find the girl whom his parents would certainly approve of.

We can also remember that even when Masha tragically lost her parents and experienced such a strong shock, she remained true to her views and beliefs. In addition, the girl did not respond in any way to the advances of Shvabrin, who went over to the enemy side; she remained faithful to her lover. She writes a letter, which Grinev then receives.

In it, Masha reports that Shvabrin is calling her to get married. Pyotr Grinev decides to save Masha Mironova at all costs. After he saved her, it immediately became clear that fate brought these two people together so that they would always be together.

The storyline of the heroes' love is built according to the canons of a fairy tale: two young lovers overcome all obstacles on the path to happiness. Just as in a fairy tale, good always triumphs over evil, young people at the end of the novel unite for marriage and a long, happy life. This became possible thanks to many fortunate circumstances introduced by the author into the narrative, but the main reason for their connection has a moral basis. The fact is that Masha Mironova and Pyotr Grinev throughout the entire novel did not commit a single reprehensible act, did not utter a single false word. This is the moral law of life, reflected both in the plot of folk love and in the plot of the love of Masha and Grinev.

Masha’s first test took place even before Grinev’s appearance in the fortress: Shvabrin proposed to the girl and was refused. Masha rejects the very possibility of becoming Shvabrin’s wife: “... when I think that I will have to kiss him under the aisle in front of everyone... No way! not for any well-being!” Shvabrin tries to prevent Grinev’s sympathy for Masha: after Grinev’s arrival at the fortress, he slandered the Mironov family and exposed Masha to Grinev as “a complete fool.”

When Shvabrin noticed this sympathy of Grinev for Masha, he tried to destroy the nascent feeling by slandering the girl, declaring that he knew “her character and customs from experience.” The best characteristic of Grinev is not only that he immediately calls Shvabrin a liar and a scoundrel, but also that he never for a moment doubted his beloved girl. This episode marks the beginning of Shvabrin’s hatred for Grinev, so in a duel he tries to stab Grinev to death, vilely taking advantage of the situation. However, Grinev’s serious injury led to the fact that Peter and Masha opened their feelings to each other.

The next stage in the development of the storyline of love and trials of Masha and Grinev begins with Andrei Petrovich Grinev’s ban on his son marrying Masha. Shvabrin’s denunciation to Grinev’s father looks especially undignified after Grinev sincerely forgave Shvabrin for the wound he inflicted. Grinev understands Shvabrin’s goal: to remove his rival from the fortress and break off his relationship with Masha. A new test begins with the uprising: Shvabrin’s machinations become more and more threatening. By forcing Masha to marry him, he thereby wants to gain power over her. And Grinev’s last meeting with Shvabrin at the trial shows that he wants to drag Grinev with him to his death at all costs: he slanderes his opponent, accusing him of treason. Shvabrin did not mention Masha’s name at the trial not out of pride or remnants of love for her, as the noble Grinev assumed, but because this could lead to Grinev’s acquittal, and Shvabrin could not allow this.

Why does Shvabrin so stubbornly want to marry Masha, why does he destroy her alliance with Grinev in every possible way? The vital, psychological reasons for this behavior are obvious. They are convincingly, with realistic accuracy, conveyed by Pushkin both in the depiction of the situations in which the heroes find themselves, and in the description of the characters’ characters.

On the one hand, Grinev, Masha and Shvabrin are ordinary characters in the novel, just like the others. On the other hand, their images have symbolic meaning. Masha is an example of spiritual purity and moral height; philosophically, she embodies goodness. Shvabrin does not commit a single good deed, does not utter a single truthful word. Shvabrin's soul is gloomy, he does not know good, his image in the novel expresses evil. The author’s idea, which he wants to convey to the reader through a plot about love, is that Shvabrin’s desire to marry Masha means the desire of evil to gain a foothold in people’s lives. Grinev receives in the novel the high status of a hero representing all people. It is a person who must make a choice between good and evil, to save good, just as Grinev saved Masha. And evil seeks to prevent this, so Shvabrin is trying with all his might to separate Grinev and Masha. This is the meaning of the moral and philosophical parable that underlies the love line of the novel. Thus, Pushkin argues that the resolution of historical and personal conflicts lies in the moral sphere and depends on the spiritual choice of a person.

The story by A. S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter” tells about the distant dramatic events that took place in Russia in the 18th century - the peasant uprising under the leadership of Emelyan Pugachev. Against the backdrop of these events, the story unfolds about the faithful and devoted love of two young people - Pyotr Grinev and Masha Mironova.

Aa╪b╓╟, located forty kilometers from Orenburg.CommandantThe fortress was captain Ivan Kuzmich Mironov. Here, in the fortress, Pyotr Grinev meets his love - Masha Mironova, the daughter of the commandant of the fortress, a girl “about eighteen years old, chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair, smoothly combed behind the ears.” Here, in the garrison, lived another officer exiled for a duel - Shvabrin. He was in love with Masha, wooed her, but was refused. Vengeful and angry by nature, Shvabrin could not forgive the girl for this, tried in every possible way to humiliate her, said obscene things about Masha. Grinev stood up for the girl’s honor and called Shvabrin a scoundrel, for which he challenged him to a duel. In the duel, Grinev was seriously wounded and after the injury he was in the Mironovs’ house.

Masha diligently looked after him. When Grinev recovered from his wound, he declared his love to Masha. She in turn told him about her feelings for him. It seemed that they had cloudless happiness ahead. But the love of young people still had to go through many tests. At first, Grinev’s father refused to bless his son for his marriage with Masha on the grounds that Peter, instead of honorably serving his Fatherland, was engaged in childish things - fighting a duel with a tomboy like himself. Masha, loving Grinev, never wanted to marry him without the consent of her parents. A quarrel arose between the lovers. Suffering from love and from the fact that his happiness could not take place, Grinev did not suspect that much more difficult trials awaited them ahead. “Pugachevism” reached the Belogorsk fortress. Its small garrison fought courageously and bravely, without betraying the oath, but the forces were unequal. The fortress fell. After the capture of the Belogorsk fortress by the rebels, all officers, including the commandant, were executed. Masha’s mother Vasilisa Egorovna also died, and she herself miraculously remained alive, but fell into the hands of Shvabrin, who kept her locked up, persuading her to marry. Remaining faithful to her lover, Masha decided to die rather than become the wife of Shvabrin, whom she hated. Having learned about Masha’s cruel fate, Grinev, risking his own life, begs Pugachev to free Masha, passing her off as the daughter of a priest. But Shvabrin tells Pugachev that Masha is the daughter of the deceased commandant of the fortress. With incredible efforts, Grinev still managed to save her and send her along with Savelich to. estate to his parents. It would seem that there should finally be a happy ending. However, the trials of the lovers did not end there. Grinev is arrested, accused of being in league with the rebels, and an unjust sentence is passed: exile to eternal settlement in Siberia. Having learned about this, Masha goes to St. Petersburg, where she hoped to find protection from the Empress as the daughter of a man who suffered for his loyalty to the Empress. Where did this timid provincial girl, who had never been to the capital, get such strength, such courage? Love gave her this strength, this courage. She also helped her achieve justice. Pyotr Grinev was released and all charges against him were dropped. Thus, faithful, devoted love helped the heroes of the story endure all the hardships and trials that befell them.