In 1906, Leonid Andreev’s wife died. Details of this tragic story I described it at my place - http://jenya444.livejournal.com/271560.html - and here I place portraits of Andreev “before” (brushes by Repin, 1904 and 1905) and “after” (brushes by Serov, all three - 1907) . First Serov, then Repin:

From the ZhZL book about Serov:

That summer, in Ino, Serov met with the writer Leonid Andreev. He became close to him during preparations for the publication of the satirical magazine “Zhupel” and even then was convinced that their views on what was happening in Russia largely coincided.
A year ago, the publisher of the magazine “Golden Fleece” N.P. Ryabushinsky ordered Serov to paint a portrait of Leonid Andreev for the magazine and at the same time conveyed in a letter the condition set by the writer: Andreev wants Serov to paint his portrait. But circumstances separated them, and only two months later Serov received a letter from Andreev from Berlin. Having silently mentioned his sudden disappearance “out of reach,” the writer admitted: most of all he regrets that “I won’t have to be written by you.”
In the same letter, Andreev transparently hinted at his participation in the July uprising of the sailors of the Baltic Fleet in Sveaborg, after which he was forced to hide from arrest in Norway. And he further mentioned that he met his family, who also left Russia, in Stockholm. They decided to settle in Berlin.
And now there is a new meeting, and Serov is amazed at the change that has happened to the writer. Two years ago, at Gorky’s dacha in Kuokkala, when plans for creating “The Bogeyman” were discussed, Andreev looked completely different, his eyes sparkled with enthusiasm, his whole appearance exuded energy. Like Serov, he was excited by the idea of ​​challenging authority. Now his gaze has faded, deep wrinkles are noticeable on his face - an imprint of internal torment, as if he had survived a serious illness.
In the conversation, the reasons for these changes were revealed: the death in Berlin, in November, of his wife, Alexandra Mikhailovna, at the birth of his second son, Daniel. After her death, he could no longer stay in Berlin; he went to Capri, to Gorky. Gorky convinced - salvation lies in work. Overcoming himself, he began to write again and finished a story based on the Gospel story - about Christ and Judas.
“And here we are again,” Andreev finished wearily, “and, by the way, I bought a plot next door for building a dacha, six miles from here, on the Chernaya River.”

Ilya Efimovich Repin is an outstanding master of historical, everyday and portrait genres. Portraits form an important part of Repin's heritage. Deep psychological characteristics, the ability to convey the unique individuality of a model, and his artistic skill make Repin one of the best portrait painters of his era.

The collection of the Omsk Museum contains one painting by Repin - a portrait of Leonid Andreev. Previously it was kept in the gallery of the famous collector I.E. Tsvetkova. The portrait was painted in the summer of 1905 in Kuokkala, where Repin lived permanently since 1903 on his own estate, which he called “Penates”. The works written at this time differ from his more early works. They were connected with the general course of development of art turn of the XIX century- XX century. Repin of this period is interesting as a painter, whose work reflected the artistic quest of the time, since by nature the artist was a transformer, a reformer, keenly aware of the spirit of change.

The writer Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev often visited Repin’s Penates, where the artistic intelligentsia constantly gathered. According to Alexander Blok, he was a man who “carried, or rather carried, the world’s chaos within himself.” Using symbolism techniques, Andreev sought to express social ideas and sentiments in an allegorical form. His stories evoked a feeling of acute anxiety and dissatisfaction with life.

Repin wrote to Leonid Andreev twice. The first portrait, created in 1904 and known as “Portrait of Leonid Andreev in a White Shirt,” is kept in the State Tretyakov Gallery. This portrait, whose light color scheme is built on subtle gradations white, conveys a soft character, a sensitive nature, spiritually rich, but lacking the energy of action. The created image did not satisfy Repin, and he received Andreev’s consent to pose again.

A year later, Repin painted a second portrait of the writer - handsome man“with a dark, chiseled, decorative face,” sitting with his arms outstretched on a garden bench. The ease and relaxedness of the pose is combined with almost royal grandeur. No wonder Repin called Andreev “Duke Lorenzo.” The portrait was called “Summer Vacation”. But the first impression of him is deceiving. It is violated by the entire structure of the portrait, which is aimed at dynamizing and even dramatizing the image.

Diagonal cross-shaped composition, a combination of contrasting and additional colors(red and black, red and green), three-quarter turn of the model’s head creates internal dynamics, emotional tension and deep psychologism in conveying the image of the person being portrayed. Green and red colors make each other sound stronger. The figure, despite the cut-off modeling, is perceived more like a spot, and the background approaches a plane rather than a deep illusory space. The resulting certain decorativeness of the portrait connects it with works of Art Nouveau - the style of the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries.

Leonid Andreev's life sentence was given an offensively short sentence. Only 48 years old. And there were no calm ones among them, only swings, up and down. Instant literary fame after the debut collection of stories in 1901, recognition by L. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, M. Gorky - and almost complete oblivion under the reign of Soviet power. Suicide attempts due to unhappy love - and two happy marriage(his first wife died in childbirth), who gave him five talented children. Enthusiastic greeting of the first Russian revolution (he managed to serve time in prison for its ideals) - and complete rejection of the ideas of Bolshevism.

And, like everyone very talented person, he is talented in many ways. He was an excellent navigator (his own fleet of yachts in the Baltic), an artist (Ilya Repin and Valentin Serov praised him)...

He was in a hurry to do everything.

When a group of tourists from England once came on an excursion, they were already delighted from the doorway: oh, we know, we know, Andreev, famous photographer! - smiles Tatyana Polushina, head of the Leonid Andreev House-Museum in Orel. - He was one of the first in Russia to take color photos using the autochrome technique*. This, simply put, is an image on pieces of glass.

- And how do the British know about this?

The fact is that the director of the Russian Archives in Leeds, philologist Richard Davis, was a big fan of Russian literature from his youth (he himself studied in Leningrad) and was very fond of Andreev’s work. It so happened that most of the writer’s archive after the death of Leonid Nikolaevich in 1919 ended up in Argentina. His son Savva lived there and died in 1970. The widow Juanita was ready to sell the archive to Russia for a nominal fee, but bureaucratic delays delayed the matter, and then Richard Davis went to Argentina...

- Intercepted?

Rather, he did a good deed. It was then that the world learned that Leonid Nikolaevich was not only a writer of the first magnitude, but also a master of color photography. Now there are about 400 photographs of Andreev in Leeds, 56 are stored in Orel, in our funds, a dozen in the Pushkin House in St. Petersburg, there are some in the Hoover Archive... By the way, other children of Leonid Andreev shared their collections with Davis.

We must give Davis his due; he did a great job of advertising Andreev the photographer: he published a luxurious photo album (in four languages, unfortunately, Russian is not among them), produced sets of postcards, and used Andreev’s works in the making of posters. Davis came to Orel several times and visited our museum. And in the 90s, I even took our “autochromes” to England for restoration, since no one in Russia would undertake to work with them. And he restored it for free.

- Is it known who taught Leonid Nikolaevich the art of photography?

Nobody. He learned everything on his own. Starting in 1903, he took black and white photographs, and when he came to Russia color photography- this is 1907 - he began to engage in “autochrome”. He filmed with a Kodak - an expensive pleasure for that time, but Andreev’s fame as a writer brought huge fees. His granddaughter Irina, who helped us a lot in the development of the museum, recalled that he was the only prose writer who was paid line by line, like poets. The fees were higher than Gorky's...

I can’t help but brag: just recently, Andreeva’s great-niece, academician Russian Academy education Ksenia Aleksandrovna Abulkhanova gave us the Andreevsky stereoscope - a device that made it possible to obtain three-dimensional image when viewing. And several black and white photographs taken by Leonid Nikolaevich. It was with them that he began as a photographer.

QUESTION ON THE ESSENTIAL

*What is "autochrome"?

The mechanism for obtaining a color image on raster plates is quite simple. High-quality potato starch is carefully sifted and divided into three equal piles. Each is painted in its own color: orange-red, purple and green. The piles are then dried and mixed. An adhesive layer is applied to the glass plate, and powder is distributed over it with a brush, which is dusted with soot on top. The soot was pressed and rolled onto a plate, and in a dark room the top was covered with photographic emulsion. Then the plate was inserted into the equipment and removed, obtaining a color photograph.

In fact, a combined (three-color) light filter appeared between the photosensitive layer and the base (glass), which resulted in a very high-quality image.

A COLLEAGUES' VIEW

"I couldn't believe it was a photograph..."

Writer Korney Chukovsky:

“It seemed that not one person, but some kind of factory, working non-stop, in several shifts, produced all these innumerable piles of large and small photographic photographs that were dumped in his office, stored in special chests and boxes, hanging on the windows , the tables were cluttered. There was no corner in his dacha that he did not take several times. Some photographs were excellent for him - for example, spring landscapes. I couldn’t believe that these were photographs - there was so much Levitan’s elegiac music in them.

Over the course of a month, he took thousands of photographs, as if fulfilling some colossal order, and when you came to him, he forced you to look at all these thousands, innocently confident that for you they were a source of bliss. He could not imagine that there were people for whom these pieces of glass were uninteresting. He touchingly begged everyone to take up color photography.

At night, walking around his huge office, he spoke monologues about the great Lumiere, the inventor of color photography, about sulfuric acid and potash... You sat on the sofa and listened."

(From memories of Leonid Andreev)

The editors thank the Oryol United State Literary Museum of I.S. Turgenev for their assistance in preparing this publication.

You can see this gallery of stereo photographs in the same way as Leonid Andreev’s contemporaries viewed it. To do this you will need a smartphone and virtual reality glasses. The simplest ones, made from Google Cardboard VR cardboard, can be purchased for 100-200 rubles or made yourself according to instructions fromGoogle . Open the gallery on your smartphone - insert it into the glasses and enjoy a three-dimensional color picture from the 1910s.

Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev is considered the great Russian writer of the Silver Age. This writer created not only in a realistic form, but also in a symbolic one. Despite the fact that this creator is considered mysterious man, he knew how to transform an ordinary character into a personality, forcing readers to think.

1. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev loved the works of Hartmann and Schopenhauer.

2. Andreev is called the founder of Russian expressionism.

3.B school years this writer drew caricatures of students and teachers.

4. Paintings by Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev were at exhibitions and were appreciated by Repin and Roerich.

5.According to the writer, he inherited positive and negative traits. His mother gave him creativity, and the father is a love of alcohol and strong character.

6. The writer managed to study at 2 universities: Moscow and St. Petersburg.

7. Having a diploma allowed Andreev to start a career as a lawyer.

8.The pseudonym of Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev was James Lynch.

9. For a long time the writer had to live at his dacha in Finland.

10. Until 1902, Andreev was an assistant to a sworn attorney, and also acted as a defense attorney in the courts.

11. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev tried to commit suicide several times. The first time he lay down on the rails, the second time he shot himself with a pistol.

12.The first story that Andreev wrote was not recognized.

13. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev was married twice.

14. Andreev’s first wife, whose name was Alexandra Mikhailovna Veligorskaya, was the great-niece of Taras Shevchenko. She died in childbirth.

15. Andreev’s second wife is Anna Ilyinichna Denisevich, who lived abroad after his death.

16. Andreev had 5 children in marriages: 4 sons and 1 daughter.

17. All Andreev’s children followed in their father’s footsteps and were engaged in literature and creativity.

18. Leonid Nikolaevich greeted the February Revolution and the First World War with enthusiasm.

19. Andreev made a shelter for revolutionaries from his house.

20. Andreev became famous only after he wrote his collection “Stories” in 1901.

21. The great writer was buried in Finland, despite the fact that recent years During his life he lived in Leningrad.

22.The death of the writer was caused by heart disease.

23. In his childhood, Andreev was fascinated by reading books.

24.Active literary activity Leonid Nikolaevich began with the publication “Courier”.

25. While studying at the university, Andreev had to go through love drama. His chosen one refused to marry him.

26. While a university student, Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev taught.

27. Andreev was able to get closer to Gorky.

28. Because Andreev had connections with the opposition, the police gave him a written undertaking not to leave.

29. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev went to live in Germany due to the fact that the authorities controlled him through loyalty to the revolutionaries.

30. The writer’s second son was born in Germany.

31.In 1957, the writer was reburied in St. Petersburg.

32. The writer was fond of painting in his childhood, but in his city there were no special schools for education and therefore he did not receive such an education, remaining self-taught until the end of his life.

33. Andreev was published in modernist almanacs and magazines under the publishing house “Rosehovnik”.

34. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev was inspired to write “Notes of Satan” by the revolution.

35. In Orel in 1991, a house-museum in memory of this writer was opened.

36. Andreev did not have “rainbow” works.

37.The writer was born in the Oryol province. Bunin and Turgenev also walked there.

38. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev was a very handsome person.

39. Leonid Nikolaevich had less taste than talent.

40. In 1889, the most important moment in the writer’s life came tough year life, because the death of his father occurred, as well as a crisis in his love relationship.

41.Many believe that Andreev had the gift of foresight.

42. Maxim Gorky was a mentor and critic of Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev.

43.In a large family future writer became the firstborn.

44. The writer’s mother was from a family of poor Polish landowners, and his father was a land surveyor.

45. Andreev’s father died of apoplexy, leaving 6 children orphans.

46. ​​For a long time he did not want to see the baby, at whose birth Andreev’s wife died.

47.The writer was paid 5 rubles in gold per line.

48. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev managed to build a house with a tower, which he called “Advance”.

49.Initially, the writer’s death was not even noticed in his homeland. For 40 years he was forgotten.

50. Leonid Nikolaevich died at the age of 48.

51. Andreev’s mother always spoiled him.

52. Throughout his life, Leonid Nikolaevich tried to fight the habit of alcohol abuse.

53. At school, Andreev constantly skipped classes and studied poorly.

54. The writer’s studies at Moscow University were paid for by the benefit society for those in need.

56.After the death of his father, the responsibilities of the head of the family fell on Andreev’s shoulders.

57. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev worked for the newspaper “Russian Will” over the years of his life.

58. Andreev was fond of reading philosophical treatises.

59.In 1907, Andreev managed to get literary prize Griboyedov, after which not a single work of his was successful.

60. The plays of Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev were filmed.

61. The writer was never able to finish writing the novel “Satan’s Diary”. It was completed only after Andreev’s death.

62. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev, despite his connections with the Bolsheviks, hated Lenin.

63. Andreev was admired by such contemporaries as: Blok and Gorky.

64.The works of Tolstoy and Chekhov had a huge influence on the development of Andreev as a creative personality.

65.The writer also created illustrations for his works.

66.Critics argued that Andreev’s works contain notes of “cosmic pessimism.”

67. The writer was expelled from St. Petersburg University for non-payment.

68. Andreev got married to his first wife in a church.

69. Leonid Nikolaevich was in prison for a short time.

70. Over the years of his life, Andreev wooed many women. At that time, there was even a joke that he “proposed to all the artists art theater one by one."

71. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev even looked after the sisters of his two wives.

72. Before getting married to his second wife, Andreev asked her to return her name given at birth - Anna. This was due to the fact that only prostitutes were then called Matildas.

73. He left the child, because of whom the writer’s first wife died, to be raised by his mother-in-law.

74. Andreev’s daughter had to work as a cleaner, a nurse, and a servant. She ended up becoming a writer like her father.

75. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev named his youngest son Valentin in honor of Serov.

76.In the last years of his life, Andreev thought a lot about the psychology of creativity.

77.The writer has never taken part in political life.

78. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev is considered a Russian writer of the Silver Age.

79. Andreeva’s mother only graduated from parochial school.

80.After an unsuccessful suicide attempt, Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev repented in church.

81.Andreev was inspired to create the work “Red Laughter” by the Russian-Japanese War.

82. Until the age of 12, Andreev was educated by his parents, and only at the age of 12 was he sent to a classical gymnasium.

83. Leonid Nikolaevich is considered one of the first writers of the 20th century.

84.The writer wrote his story “Judas Iscariot” in Capri.

85. Contemporaries called this writer “the sphinx of the Russian intelligentsia.”

86. At the age of 6, Andreev already knew the alphabet.

87. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev was paid 11 rubles for a portrait.

88. During his life, Andreev worked in the legal profession for 5 years.

89. This man simply could not imagine his life without love.

90.Leonid Nikolaevich’s first and only secretary was his second wife.

91.The descendants of this writer live in America and Paris today.

92.Andreev was also considered a master of color photographs.

93. Approximately 400 Andreev color stereoautochromes are known today.

94. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev had a passion for invention.

95.Nietzsche's death was perceived by this writer as a personal loss.

96. Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev was part of the commission for organizing literary “Tuesdays”.

Andreev Leonid Nikolaevich

Biography of Andreev Leonid Nikolaevich. Young years.

Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev was born on August 9, 1871 in Orel in the family of a land surveyor-taxator, the son of a leader of the nobility and a serf girl. Andreeva’s mother, née Patskovskaya, came from a family of Polish landowners.
Andreev’s childhood, in his words, was “clear, carefree.” At the age of six, he learned to read “and read extremely widely, everything that came to hand.”
In 1882-1891, Andreev studied at the Oryol classical gymnasium. Already during his years of study, he discovered his literary talent, which first manifested itself in writing essays for fellow students, and later - his first stories. Andreev grew up as an impressionable young man prone to expressive actions. At the age of seventeen, deciding to test his willpower, he lay down between the rails in front of an approaching locomotive; fortunately, the “experiment” did not lead to the death of the future writer. Andreev’s diary entry dates back to the same time, claiming that “with his writings he would destroy both morality and established human relations, will destroy love and religion and end his life in destruction."
After graduating from high school in 1891, Andreev entered the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. At this time, Andreev’s father dies, the family’s financial situation deteriorated so much that Leonid went hungry for some time. In St. Petersburg, he created his first stories (his literary debut was the story “In Cold and Gold,” 1892), which were not accepted by the editors. For non-payment, Andreev was expelled, but, without losing his determination to continue his education, he entered the Faculty of Law of the now Moscow University. In Moscow it financial situation improved.
In 1894-1895, student and aspiring writer Leonid Andreev three times intended to put an end to his biography, attempting suicide due to unhappy love.
Having successfully graduated from the university in 1897, Andreev after some time got a job at the bar; He practiced law until 1902. At the same time, Andreev begins to work in journalism, collaborating with the newspapers Moskovsky Vestnik and Courier. His first works were feuilletons; Leonid Andreev signs under the pseudonym James Lynch. In 1898, his story “Bargamot and Garaska” was published in the Courier. This story attracted the attention of Maxim Gorky. The result of the rapprochement of young writers was creative association, which also included Ivan Bunin, Nikolai Teleshov and singer Fyodor Chaliapin, who were starting in those years. Since 1900, Andreev led the cycles of feuilletons “Impressions” and the every Sunday essay “Moscow. Little things in life” in “Courier”.

Biography of Andreev Leonid Nikolaevich. Mature years.

Genuine fame came to Leonid Andreev after the publication of the story “Once upon a time” in 1901 in the magazine “Life”. In the same year, the publishing house “Znanie” published the first book of Andreev’s stories. At this time, he created new works - “Laughter”, “Wall”, “Abyss”, “Thought”, “In the Fog”, the story “The Life of Vasily of Fiveysky” - an appeal to the biography of a priest, revealing the depths of human psychology, the short story “Red Laughter” "Based on the events of the Russian-Japanese War.
The beginning of the century gave the writer not only the realization of his talent, but also new love. In 1902 he married A.M. Veligorskaya, grandniece of Taras Shevchenko.
In 1905, Andreev took part in revolutionary activities for the first time, sheltering members of the RSDLP in his apartment. On February 10, 1905, he was arrested, but released from prison on bail provided by Savva Morozov. In connection with these events, Andreev left for Germany in 1906. Here Andreev’s son Daniel is born (later the author of the treatise “Rose of the World”), but the writer’s wife dies from childbirth. Andreev moves to Italy and settles in Capri with Gorky. His passion for the revolution gives way to disappointment; since 1907, Leonid Andreev breaks with revolutionary circles. His first experiments as a playwright date back to the same period of time (Andreev’s first play “To the Stars” was created in 1905).
In 1907, Leonid Andreev created the story “Judas Iscariot and Others.” This is a free presentation of the Gospel events, one of the first attempts in the literature of the 20th century to read the “biography” of Jesus Christ and the apostles in a new way, to give a new interpretation to the events set out in the Holy Scriptures.
In 1907-1910, Andreev actively collaborated with the modernist almanacs of the Rosehip publishing house. Since 1908 he has lived in own house in Vammelsu (Finland) - the Advance Villa, which received its name due to the fact that it was built with funds from a publishing advance. Leonid Andreev welcomes the beginning of the First World War; A number of his statements of this time in an anti-German spirit are known. Shortly before February Revolution In 1917, he became a member of the editorial board of the newspaper “Russian Will”. Andreev does not accept the October Revolution; his latest works, such as the unfinished story "Satan's Diary" show Soviet power in a negative way. He continued to live with his family in Finland, in the village of Neivala near Mustamäki; after Finland left the Russian Empire ended up in exile.
On September 12, 1919, Leonid Andreev died suddenly from a heart defect. The writer was buried in Marioki. In 1956, his remains were reburied in Leningrad at the Volkov cemetery.
Bright representative Silver Age, Leonid Andreev in his work reflected both light and dark sides this period of Russian culture. Nikolai Konstantinovich Roerich, Ilya Efimovich Repin (he created a portrait of Leonid Andreev), Vikenty Vikentievich Veresaev, Alexander Alexandrovich Blok, Anton Pavlovich Chekhov spoke positively about Andreev’s work. Andreev, despite the suicidal tendencies of his youth, praised life in his works: “Even if all-conquering life is an illusion, but I believe in it, and the misfortunes of this day will not take away my faith in the day to come,” he wrote. “Life will win - no matter how many hands are laid on it, no matter how many madmen try to stop it. And isn’t it smarter: to live praising life rather than scolding it - and still live!”

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© Biography Andreev Leonid Nikolaevich. Biography of the writer Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev. Biography of the poet Leonid Nikolaevich Andreev