Commercial alcohol production seems like a dark forest. Some excise taxes, EGAIS, reporting, but do you need a license? What if you just want to put on an apron and brew craft beer? Doctor Guber produces brewing equipment for home and commercial use and will tell you how to start your own brewery.

Is it possible to brew beer in the kitchen?

First, let's look at a few key points to clarify the situation:

1. You cannot make beer on a commercial basis using homemade equipment. The equipment must have a quality certificate.
2. You cannot brew beer for sale at home or in a garage, because you can only engage in commercial activities in non-residential buildings.
3. A license to produce beer is not required. You will only need it if you decide to produce something stronger.

What documents are needed?

The main law that regulates the production of beer and strong alcohol is Federal Law No. 171 “On state regulation of production and turnover ethyl alcohol, alcoholic and alcohol-containing products." All links to laws, instructions and sample documents will be at the end of the article, so read without distraction.

To open and launch beer production, you need the following procedures and documents:

1) Choice of legal form. To open a brewery, you need to register your LLC. Individual entrepreneurs can sell beer, but not produce it. In Article 11, paragraph 1 we read: “production and circulation of alcoholic beverages (with the exception of retail sales beer and beer drinks, cider, poire, mead) and alcohol-containing food products are carried out by organizations.” That is, first you need to open your own LLC. Article 11 paragraph 1.

Attention: when registering an LLC, you must indicate the appropriate OKVED codes that allow you to brew beer. You can choose as many codes as you like, so take them with reserve.

2) Documents for registering the brewery. The equipment you work on must be properly manufactured and registered, otherwise it is simply impossible to register the brewery. The brewery must have serial numbers. A set of documents is also required: declaration, test report, specifications and equipment passport. These documents are provided by the equipment manufacturer.

3) Calculation of the power of the main technological equipment. The calculation is necessary so that Rosalkogolregulirovanie (RAR) can understand whether it is necessary to install meters on your equipment. If your equipment allows you to produce more than 300 thousand deciliters per year, you will have to install meters. The calculation is submitted to the RAR in writing and in electronic format. The answer is within 30 days.

4) Application for the start of activities for the production of food products. Beer, beer-based drinks, cider, poiret, mead are alcoholic products. Therefore, if you want to produce them, you need to notify the RAR.

5) Declaration of conformity for the beer produced. This document confirms that you produce beer and that drinking it is safe for health. The declaration includes TU (technical conditions) and TI (technological instructions) drawn up by the brewery’s chief technologist, as well as analyzes confirming the safety of the product. You can obtain a declaration privately by contacting one of the accredited declaration and certification centers.

6) Connection to EGAIS. EGAIS takes into account all beer produced and sold, which should exclude counterfeit products from circulation. To connect to the system you will need:

• Computer with Internet connection
• UTM (universal transport module) EGAIS is a program that is required to transfer data to the Rosalkogolregulirovaniye server about your purchases and sales
• JaCarta crypto key is a unique electronic key that is necessary to work with the system. Purchasing a crypto key is the first step to connect to EGAIS.
• Goods accounting program
• Enhanced electronic signature - recording on a crypto-key issued by EGAIS.

Installation of specialized equipment is the competence of EGAIS employees.

A brewery employee who will use the EGAIS system must undergo mandatory training in one of the certified organizations. Training can be completed either face-to-face or remotely.

7) Notification to the SES and fire inspectorate. Since beer is a food product, the SES must ensure that production complies with sanitary standards. Your premises must be “accepted” by the district fire inspectorate. It is necessary to notify her about the start of work and agree on a project that will indicate emergency exits, the location of fire extinguishers and a pressure tap, etc.

8) Production control program. This is a fairly formal document that shows that you really know how to do your job. The production control program includes:

• List of controlled stages and parameters of technological processes.
• Frequency of production control, list of its activities and responsible persons.
• Schedules and regimes of sanitary treatment, cleaning, disinfection work, disinfestation and deratization of production premises, equipment and inventory.
• Schedules and modes of maintenance of equipment and inventory.
• Measures to prevent and identify violations in the organization and implementation of production processes.

So, briefly about how to open a brewery:

1. Register an LLC;
2. Own the equipment, obtain a quality declaration for beer;
3. Buy or rent premises for at least 1 year;
4. Submit power calculation to RAR;
5. Connect to EGAIS;
6. Notify the SES and fire inspectorate;
7. Submit an application to begin activities for the production of food products and a notification of the beginning of turnover on the territory of the Russian Federation.

In the following articles, “Doctor Guber” will tell you what equipment you can start with and what kind of beer to brew in production.

Private breweries in Lately have become one of the most popular types of business. And this is not at all surprising, because opening them does not require a lot of material costs, and the demand for products is consistently high.

Brewery

The popularity of the brewing business has led to quite high competition in this market. But even with her, this activity remains popular. This popularity is due to several features of microbreweries.

1. Firstly, opening a beer production establishment does not require too much initial capital, which makes it accessible to the vast majority of entrepreneurs;
2. Even with small sales volumes, such a business rarely becomes unprofitable - a microbrewery can produce beer depending on demand, and its maintenance is also not particularly expensive;
3. Thirdly, it is easy to draw up a business plan for such activities and predict business development, since everything is easily calculated.

Production volumes and cycles

But even in such a simple type of business as brewing there is a certain division.

It is associated with the types of breweries, the main criteria for identifying which are production volumes and cycles.

According to the first criterion, microbreweries are divided into:

• Those whose production volume is less than 5000 liters;
• Those whose production volume exceeds this figure.

In addition, breweries are:

• Full cycle;
• Shortened cycle.

Full-cycle enterprises are factories for the production of intoxicating drinks in miniature. As a result, their opening requires large capital investments (from 150,000 US dollars) and large areas.

In general, a microbrewery does not require large quantity equipment if it has a short cycle and produces less than 5000 liters. You will only need:

1. A specialized kettle for boiling wort (a special stove is sometimes used instead of a kettle);
2. Fermentation container;
3. Filters for water from which beer will be made;
4. Kegs for drink;
5. Devices ensuring sterility.

Registering a brewery for a businessman

Russian legislation does not limit the circle of those who can open a brewery.

This can also be done individual entrepreneur, and a legal entity.

The only thing is that the constituent and statutory documents (registration certificate, charter, etc.) must indicate the production and sale, wholesale or retail, of beer as types of activity.

Naturally, if you are not registered as an individual entrepreneur or LLC, you must do this in accordance with the standard procedure. You just need to remember to indicate the appropriate type of activity when filling out the tax papers.

Taxes and fees

As for taxation, in general it is standard. You pay taxes in accordance with the system you have chosen and the type of enterprise - single tax or something else. But, there is one difference. Beer, like any other alcoholic drink, is an excisable product. Therefore, you will also have to pay excise tax.

Do you need a license?

The laws of the Russian Federation require that manufacturers of most types alcoholic products licensed their activities. But beer does not belong to those types of alcohol that are subject to the law “On State Licensing”. At the same time, this does not prevent some administrations of the constituent entities of the federation from still requiring a license on the basis of another legal act - the Law “On State Regulation of the Production of Ethyl Alcohol”.

Putting the brewery into operation

One of the most crucial moments when opening private brewery– this is the selection of premises. There are a number of requirements that mandatory should be taken into account:

• A microbrewery cannot be opened in a residential area;
• It must be possible to work with three-phase current;
• Internal walls should be covered with tiles to a height of two meters;
• The ceiling should be painted with water-based paint;
• Steam, air or water heating must be used.

The size and type of room are not very important - they depend on the equipment and other parameters of this kind. The minimum area is 40 square meters. This could be a basement or semi-basement.

A fashionable solution is to open an enterprise for the production of intoxicating drinks at a restaurant, with partial removal of the equipment into the hall.

As for the choice between renting and purchasing, it all depends on many factors. First of all, it depends on the size of production. If it is large, then the purchasing decision becomes the most justified. When calculating financial costs, you need to take into account the money that will potentially have to be spent on repairs or refurbishment of the premises. Perhaps in some cases it is more profitable to acquire more expensive real estate, but spend less on its maintenance.

Equipment for mini-breweries

Equipment for mini-breweries is usually included. But nothing prevents you from buying it separately if certain conditions require it. In fact, the set of things necessary for a mini-beer factory is quite small. It must include:

1. Two containers - for fermentation and post-fermentation;
2. Filters for the water used in brewing;
3. Refrigeration devices;
4. A device for holding a sterilant, usually in the form of a bath;
5. Syrup boiler;
6. Scales;
7. Means for sanitary and hygienic treatment.

Sometimes manufacturers can supplement this set with various special devices that speed up production or improve product quality. In this regard, the cost may differ several times. But in the basic version it is quite low.

Certificates and inspections

Although brewing is not a licensed activity, an entrepreneur must still obtain a number of certificates and undergo several inspections. One of the most important documents is the hygiene certificate for the product.

This certificate is issued for a period of one to three years territorial body of the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.

The basis for issuance is a sanitary and hygienic inspection of the premises, equipment, products, as well as examination regulatory documents enterprises.

The above authority also issues permits for beer production. It is issued on the basis of the same inspection and conclusions of the State Fire Supervision Authority on the fire safety of the premises. The decision not to issue a certificate or permit by the territorial office can be appealed to the central State Sanitary and Epidemiological Inspectorate of the Russian Federation.

A microbrewery can be serviced by one employee

Recruiting staff can be either simple or complex. The fact is that a very small microbrewery can be serviced by one employee. And for big ones, of course, you need larger number workers. The better quality beer is supposed to be brewed, the more professional they should be. The minimum for a medium enterprise includes:

1. Brewer;
2. Cleaning lady;
3. Driver;
4. Sellers and sales representatives (the choice of one or the other depends on the availability of retail sales of the drink).

Restaurant breweries also require brewing technologists. And for large sales volumes, it is reasonable to hire a separate accountant, since we are talking about excisable goods.

Sales

Live beer has a potentially large sales market, but its size depends on the quality of promotion.

Enough good method sponsorship is considered.

Since the sales period for this drink is short, it is important to establish stable and timely sales through stores or restaurants.

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In this article:

Beer is a barley-malt drink with a hop aroma, pleasant bitterness, and the ability to foam when poured. Thanks to its unique taste and thirst-quenching effect, the intoxicating drink is in high demand among the population. And therefore, very tough competition has formed in the beer production market. But, despite this, an enterprising businessman who decides to open a brewery will always be able to organize a profitable and promising business.

Starting your own business does not necessarily require large investments. However, to carry out this activity it is necessary to obtain a range of permits and certificates. Administrative barriers are quite difficult to overcome, especially for a beginning entrepreneur. Therefore, further we will consider the features of registration of permits.

How to put a microbrewery into operation

In order to put a mini-brewery into operation, you must obtain the following documents for beer production:

1. Permits from the SEZ and fire inspection, State Energy Supervision;
2. Licensing beer production and visiting the State Tax Inspectorate department. A business involving the production and sale of beer is not subject to licensing. However, the government has issued a new decree, which implies that beer production at the federal level is subject to licensing. To obtain a license, you must write a request to tax office. A beer production license is issued within three months.
3. Hygienic certificate in sanitary and epidemiological supervision. The document is issued only after a hygienic assessment of the product. The procedure can last for 2 months.

Beginning entrepreneurs should know that beer is an excisable product, which is subject to an additional tax of 15%.

However, the administrations of some regions have created a law on beer production “On state regulation of the production of ethyl alcohol and alcoholic products,” which assumes that each liter of intoxicating drink is subject to a fee of 300-400 rubles.

Technological process for the production of intoxicating drink

The hardware flow chart for beer production is shown in the photo below.

The technological process includes the following main stages of beer production:

1. Preparation beer wort– preparing malt for beer production, that is, weighing the required amount of product and grinding it. Next, pour water into the mash-wort brewer and add crushed malt.

Then the malt is mashed, which can be done in two ways:

• infusion method;
• decoction method.

The sugared mash is moved to filtration apparatus, in which its division is carried out. After filtering the first wort, the grain is washed with water.

Traditional technology involves boiling beer wort with hops for 1.5-2 hours and cooling it to a temperature of 6-70 °C. 2.

2. Fermentation of beer wort - carried out in a fermentation apparatus with the addition of brewer's yeast.

3. Beer aging – occurs in hermetically sealed metal tanks for 11-100 days. The fermentation temperature and duration of the process depend on the type of beer. As a result of aging, beer becomes stronger, lighter and saturated with carbon dioxide.

4. After organoleptic, laboratory and technochemical control is completed, beer is bottled. Automation of beer production allows bottling of the intoxicating drink on special lines.

Beer production equipment

Before you start purchasing equipment, you need to determine the capacity of the future enterprise:

• Beer production plant, with a capacity of 50-500 liters - a mini beer production plant;
• A plant producing 500-15,000 liters of beer is a mini-brewery;
• The plant, with a capacity of over 15 thousand liters, is an industrial giant. Mini-breweries use the top fermentation method. As a result this method the intoxicating drink is infused in a container, and the duration of the production process is reduced.

Minibreweries adhere to a technological process based on bottom fermentation method. As a result of this technology, a more intoxicating drink is obtained High Quality. There is also a technological instruction developed by the research and production association, which considers the features of each production process.

In order to organize production draft beer The following list of equipment is required:

• malt crusher;
• filtration apparatus;
• pump for mash, wort and hot water;
• mash and wort brewer;
• heat exchanger;
• water heating apparatus;
• pumps for young and finished beer;
• electric steam generator;
• fermentation tanks;
• hydrocyclone apparatus;
• refrigeration unit equipped with an ice maker;
• dispensing containers;
• yeast vats;
• control panel.

The beer production line may include another set of equipment. The list of equipment depends on the type of beer being produced, the name of the manufacturer, the type of malt and the features of the technology.

Business plan for a microbrewery

1. Purchase of raw materials and materials

In order to purchase raw materials for beer production, you can consider the following purchase options::

• Buy malt from abroad. This type of acquisition of raw materials is beneficial when large volumes are purchased.
• Buy malt from leading equipment suppliers or on the domestic market of the country.

The beer recipe determines the choice of raw materials for the production of the intoxicating drink. Any type of drink is brewed from yeast, malt, hops, and water. However, there are various methods for producing special types of beer, in which the composition of the intoxicating drink can be modified.

The beer production process involves making malt. Malt production– a profitable type of business that accompanies brewing. If a novice entrepreneur wants to buy malt, then he needs to know that 50 tons of German malt are sold at a price of 0.55 USD. per kilogram. This raw material can only be purchased in large quantities, over 50 tons.

Yeast for beer production can be purchased at a brewery or from a private brewer. It is more rational to buy yeast from a large enterprise; as a rule, it is of higher quality.

To date, the following prices have been established for raw materials:

• Water – 1 cubic meter m. - about 11 rubles;
• Sewerage – 1 cubic. m – 9 rubles;
• Malt – 1 kg – 8-9 rubles;
• Hops – 1 kg – 86 rubles;
• Yeast – 1 kg – 200 rubles;
• Electricity - kW/h - 0,500 rubles.

By drawing up a material balance for beer production and carrying out product calculations, you can determine the consumption of raw materials.

2. Purchase of equipment

To organize a mini-brewery with a capacity of 1000 liters of beer per day, you can purchase a set of equipment supplied by the Miass Machine-Building Plant, the cost of which is about 54 thousand US dollars. To purchase auxiliary equipment, 200 thousand rubles are needed.

Imported equipment for beer production, the price of which can fluctuate in the price range of 300-700 thousand. initial stages It is not advisable and economically ineffective to buy production. However, an imported beer production line can increase the productivity of a mini-brewery and improve the properties of the intoxicating drink. Therefore, it is cost-effective to buy such equipment when the enterprise’s activities generate regular income and to gain competitive advantages.

3. Preparing the premises for a brewery

Preparing the premises– one of the main problems for private business leaders. In order to organize beer production and a business based on the commissioning of a mini-brewery, you can rent or buy premises. To accommodate a set of equipment, you need a room with a total area of ​​more than 150 square meters. m. Due to the dimensions of the equipment, it can be assumed that the beer production workshop will occupy about 100 sq. m. m, for a warehouse you need 35 sq. m, for an office – 15 sq. m. Monthly costs for renting the premises will be about 25 thousand rubles.

4. Staff

To organize a mini-brewery you need about 10 specialists, among whom will be a director, a cleaner, 4 specialists engaged in primary and auxiliary production, an accountant-cashier, 2 brewers, and a forwarding driver. Monthly fund wages will be 250 thousand rubles.

5. Total costs of beer production

The total cost of organizing a brewery will be 3 million rubles.

6. Income from activities and calculation of economic indicators

In order to calculate the income from the commissioning of a mini-brewery, it is necessary to record beer production on a daily basis. If beer is bottled at an enterprise, then their number and capacity are taken into account; if in kegs, the capacity and number of kegs are taken into account.

The monthly income of the mini-brewery will be 200 thousand rubles, and the income for the year after tax will be 2 million rubles. The payback period for a mini-brewery is 1.5 years. A short payback period and high income indicate that brewing is a profitable type of business.