Early Renaissance culture. Early Renaissance culture in Italy

12.04.2019

The early 15th century saw huge changes in life and culture in Italy. The townspeople, merchants and artisans of Italy have waged a heroic struggle against feudal dependence since the 12th century. By developing trade and production, the townspeople gradually became richer, overthrew the power of the feudal lords and organized free city-states. These are free Italian cities became very powerful. Their citizens were proud of their conquests. The enormous wealth of independent Italian cities was the reason for their vibrant prosperity. The Italian bourgeoisie looked at the world with different eyes, they firmly believed in themselves, in their strength. They were alien to the desire for suffering, humility, and the renunciation of all earthly joys that had been preached to them until now. Respect for earthly man who enjoys the joys of life grew. People began to take an active approach to life, eagerly study the world, and admire its beauty. During this period, various sciences were born and art developed.

Italy has preserved many monuments of art Ancient Rome, therefore, the ancient era again began to be revered as a model, ancient art became an object of worship. Imitation of antiquity gave rise to calling this period in art - Renaissance, which means in French "Renaissance". Of course, this was not a blind, exact repetition of ancient art, it was already new art, but based on ancient examples. Italian Renaissance divided into 3 stages: VIII - XIV centuries - Pre-Renaissance (Proto-Renaissance or Trecento)-s it.); XV century - early Renaissance (Quattrocento); end of the 15th - beginning of the 16th century - High Renaissance.

Archaeological excavations were carried out throughout Italy, looking for ancient monuments. Newly discovered statues, coins, dishes, and weapons were carefully preserved and collected in museums specially created for this purpose. Artists learned from these examples of antiquity and painted them from life.

Trecento (Pre-Renaissance)

The true beginning of the Renaissance is associated with the name Giotto di Bondone (1266? - 1337). He is considered the founder of Renaissance painting. The Florentine Giotto has great services to the history of art. He was a renovator, the founder of all European painting after the Middle Ages. Giotto breathed life into the gospel scenes, created images of real people, spiritualized but earthly.

Giotto first creates volumes using chiaroscuro. He loves clean, light colors in cool shades: pink, pearl gray, pale purple and light lilac. The people in Giotto's frescoes are stocky and walk heavily. They have large facial features, wide cheekbones, narrow eyes. His person is kind, attentive, and serious.

Of Giotto's works, the frescoes in the temples of Padua are the best preserved. He presented the Gospel stories here as existing, earthly, real. In these works, he talks about problems that concern people at all times: about kindness and mutual understanding, deceit and betrayal, about depth, sorrow, meekness, humility and the eternal all-consuming maternal love.

Instead of disparate individual figures, as in medieval painting, Giotto was able to create a coherent story, a whole narrative about a complex inner life heroes. Instead of the conventional golden background of Byzantine mosaics, Giotto introduces a landscape background. And if in Byzantine painting the figures seemed to float and hang in space, then the heroes of Giotto’s frescoes found solid ground under their feet. Giotto's quest to convey space, the plasticity of figures, and the expressiveness of movement made his art a whole stage in the Renaissance.

One of famous masters Pre-Renaissance -

Simone Martini (1284 - 1344).

His paintings retained the features of Northern Gothic: Martini's figures are elongated, and, as a rule, on a golden background. But Martini creates images using chiaroscuro, gives them natural movement, and tries to convey a certain psychological state.

Quattrocento (early Renaissance)

In formation secular culture Antiquity played a huge role in the early Renaissance. The Platonic Academy opens in Florence, the Laurentian Library contains a rich collection of ancient manuscripts. The first ones appear art museums, filled with statues, fragments of ancient architecture, marbles, coins, and ceramics. During the Renaissance, the main centers emerged artistic life Italy - Florence, Rome, Venice.

Florence was one of the largest centers, the birthplace of new, realistic art. In the 15th century, many famous Renaissance masters lived, studied and worked there.

Early Renaissance architecture

The inhabitants of Florence had a high artistic culture, they actively participated in the creation of city monuments and discussed options for constructing beautiful buildings. Architects abandoned everything that resembled Gothic. Under the influence of antiquity, buildings topped with a dome began to be considered the most perfect. The model here was the Roman Pantheon.

Florence is one of the most beautiful cities in the world, a city-museum. It has preserved its architecture from antiquity almost untouched, its most beautiful buildings were mainly built during the Renaissance. Rising above the red brick roofs of the ancient buildings of Florence is the huge building of the city cathedral. Santa Maria del Fiore, which is often called simply the Florence Cathedral. Its height reaches 107 meters. A magnificent dome, the harmony of which is emphasized by white stone ribs, crowns the cathedral. The dome is amazing in size (its diameter is 43 m), it crowns the entire panorama of the city. The cathedral is visible from almost every street in Florence, clearly silhouetted against the sky. This magnificent building was built by an architect

Filippo Brunelleschi (1377 - 1446).

The most magnificent and famous domed building of the Renaissance was St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. It took more than 100 years to build. The creators of the original project were architects Bramante and Michelangelo.

Renaissance buildings are decorated with columns, pilasters, lion heads and "putti"(naked babies), plaster wreaths of flowers and fruits, leaves and many details, examples of which were found in the ruins of ancient Roman buildings. Came into fashion again semicircular arch. Wealthy people began to build more beautiful and more comfortable houses. Instead of houses closely pressed together, luxurious ones appeared palaces - palazzos.

Early Renaissance sculpture

In the 15th century, two famous sculptors worked in Florence - Donatello and Verrocchio.Donatello (1386? - 1466)- one of the first sculptors in Italy who used the experience of ancient art. He created one of the beautiful works of the early Renaissance - the statue of David.

According to the biblical legend, a simple shepherd, the young man David defeated the giant Goliath, and thereby saved the inhabitants of Judea from enslavement and later became king. David was one of the favorite images of the Renaissance. He is depicted by the sculptor not as a humble saint from the Bible, but as young hero, winner, defender hometown. In his sculpture, Donatello glorifies man as the ideal of beauty heroic personality which arose during the Renaissance. David is crowned with the laurel wreath of the winner. Donatello was not afraid to introduce such a detail as a shepherd's hat - a sign of his simple origin. In the Middle Ages, the church forbade depicting the naked body, considering it a vessel of evil. Donatello was the first master to bravely violate this prohibition. He claims by this that human body Wonderful. The statue of David is the first round sculpture of that era.

Another beautiful sculpture of Donatello is also known - the statue of a warrior , general of Gattamelata. It was the first equestrian monument of the Renaissance. Created 500 years ago, this monument still stands on a high pedestal, decorating a square in the city of Padua. For the first time, not a god, not a saint, not a noble and rich person was immortalized in sculpture, but a noble, brave and formidable warrior with a great soul, who earned fame through great deeds. Dressed in antique armor, Gattemelata (this is his nickname, meaning “spotted cat”) sits on a powerful horse in a calm, majestic pose. The warrior’s facial features emphasize a decisive, strong character.

Andrea Verrocchio (1436 -1488)

The most famous student of Donatello, who created the famous equestrian monument to the condottiere Colleoni, which was erected in Venice in the square near the Church of San Giovanni. The main thing that is striking about the monument is the joint energetic movement of horse and rider. The horse seems to rush beyond the marble pedestal on which the monument is installed. Colleoni, standing up in his stirrups, stretched out, holding his head high, peers into the distance. A grimace of anger and tension was frozen on his face. There is a sense of great will in his posture, his face resembles a bird of prey. The image is filled with indestructible strength, energy, and stern authority.

Early Renaissance painting

The Renaissance also renewed the art of painting. Painters have learned to accurately convey space, light and shadow, natural poses, and various human feelings. It was the early Renaissance that was the time of accumulation of this knowledge and skills. The paintings of that time are imbued with a bright and upbeat mood. The background is often written in light colors, and buildings and natural motifs are outlined with sharp lines, pure colors predominate. All the details of the event are depicted with naive diligence; the characters are most often lined up and separated from the background by clear contours.

The painting of the early Renaissance only strived for perfection, however, thanks to its sincerity, it touches the soul of the viewer.

Tommaso di Giovanni di Simone Cassai Guidi, known as Masaccio (1401 - 1428)

He is considered a follower of Giotto and the first master of painting of the early Renaissance. Masaccio lived only 28 years, but during his lifetime short life left a mark on art that is difficult to overestimate. He managed to complete in painting revolutionary changes started by Giotto. His paintings are distinguished by dark and deep colors. People on frescoes by Masaccio much denser and more powerful than in the paintings of the Gothic era.

Masaccio was the first to correctly arrange objects in space, taking into account the perspective; He began to depict people according to the laws of anatomy.

He knew how to connect figures and landscape into a single action, dramatically and at the same time quite naturally conveying the life of nature and people - and this is the great merit of the painter.

This is one of the few easel works by Masaccio, commissioned from him in 1426 for the chapel in the church of Santa Maria del Carmine in Pisa.

The Madonna sits on a throne built strictly according to Giotto's laws of perspective. Her figure is painted with confident and clear strokes, which creates the impression of sculptural volume. Her face is calm and sad, her detached gaze is directed into nowhere. Wrapped in a dark blue cloak, the Virgin Mary holds in her arms the Child, whose golden figure stands out sharply on dark background. The deep folds of the cloak allow the artist to play with chiaroscuro, which also creates a special visual effect. The baby eats black grapes - a symbol of communion. Flawlessly drawn angels (the artist knew human anatomy very well) surrounding the Madonna give the picture an additional emotional resonance.

The only panel painted by Masaccio for a double-sided triptych. After early death the painter, the rest of the work, commissioned by Pope Martin V for the Church of Santa Maria in Rome, was completed by the artist Masolino. Here are depicted two austere, monumentally executed figures of saints, dressed all in red. Jerome holds an open book and a model of the basilica, with a lion lying at his feet. John the Baptist is depicted in his usual form: he is barefoot and holds a cross in his hand. Both figures amaze with their anatomical precision and almost sculptural sense of volume.

Interest in man and admiration for his beauty were so great during the Renaissance that this led to the emergence of a new genre in painting - the portrait genre.

Pinturicchio (version of Pinturicchio) (1454 - 1513) (Bernardino di Betto di Biagio)

Native of Perugia in Italy. For some time he painted miniatures and helped Pietro Perugino decorate the Sistine Chapel in Rome with frescoes. Gained experience in in the most complex form decorative and monumental wall painting. Within a few years, Pinturicchio became an independent muralist. He worked on frescoes in the Borgia apartments in the Vatican. He did wall paintings in the library of the Cathedral in Siena.

The artist not only conveys portrait likeness, but strives to reveal the inner state of a person. Before us is a teenage boy, dressed in a formal pink city dweller’s dress, with a small blue cap on his head. Brown hair falls to the shoulders, framing a gentle face, an attentive gaze brown eyes thoughtful, a little anxious. Behind the boy is an Umbrian landscape with thin trees, a silvery river, and a pinkish sky on the horizon. The spring tenderness of nature, as an echo of the character of the hero, is in harmony with the poetry and charm of the hero.

The image of the boy is given in the foreground, large and occupies almost the entire plane of the picture, and the landscape is painted in the background and very small. This creates the impression of the importance of man, his dominance over the surrounding nature, and affirms that man is the most beautiful creation on earth.

Here is the solemn departure of Cardinal Capranica for the Council of Basel, which lasted almost 18 years, from 1431 to 1449, first in Basel and then in Lausanne. The young Piccolomini was also in the cardinal's retinue. A group of horsemen accompanied by pages and servants is presented in an elegant frame of a semicircular arch. The event is not so real and reliable as it is chivalrously refined, almost fantastic. In the foreground, a handsome rider on a white horse, in a luxurious dress and hat, turns his head and looks at the viewer - this is Aeneas Silvio. The artist takes pleasure in painting rich clothes and beautiful horses in velvet blankets. The elongated proportions of the figures, slightly mannered movements, slight tilts of the head are close to the court ideal. The life of Pope Pius II was full of bright events, and Pinturicchio spoke about the meetings of the pope with the King of Scotland, with Emperor Frederick III.

Filippo Lippi (1406 - 1469)

Legends arose about Lippi's life. He himself was a monk, but left the monastery, became a wandering artist, kidnapped a nun from the monastery and died, poisoned by the relatives of a young woman with whom he fell in love in old age.

He painted images of the Madonna and Child, filled with life human feeling and experiences. In his paintings he depicted many details: everyday objects, surroundings, so his religious subjects were similar to secular paintings.

Domenico Ghirlandaio (1449 - 1494)

He painted not only religious subjects, but also scenes from the life of the Florentine nobility, their wealth and luxury, and portraits of noble people.

Before us is the wife of a rich Florentine, a friend of the artist. In this not very beautiful, luxuriously dressed young woman, the artist expressed calm, a moment of stillness and silence. The expression on the woman’s face is cold, indifferent to everything, it seems that she foresees her imminent death: soon after painting the portrait she will die. The woman is depicted in profile, which is typical for many portraits of that time.

Piero della Francesca (1415/1416 - 1492)

One of the most important names in Italian painting 15th century. He completed numerous transformations in the methods of constructing the perspective of pictorial space.

The painting was painted on a poplar board with egg tempera - obviously, by this time the artist had not yet mastered the secrets oil painting, in the technique of which his later works would be written.

The artist captured the appearance of the mystery of the Holy Trinity at the moment of the Baptism of Christ. The white dove spreading its wings over the head of Christ symbolizes the descent of the Holy Spirit onto the Savior. The figures of Christ, John the Baptist and the angels standing next to them are painted in restrained colors.
His frescoes are solemn, sublime and majestic. Francesca believed in the high destiny of man and in his works people always do wonderful things. He used subtle, gentle transitions of colors. Francesca was the first to paint en plein air (in the open air).

History lesson in 7th grade "The culture of the early Renaissance in Italy."

Topic study plan:

1. The connection between the Renaissance and Antiquity.

2. Humanism of the Renaissance.

3 Features of the culture of the early Renaissance.

4.The art of the early Renaissance.

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Subject. Culture of the early Renaissance in Italy.

Lesson objectives:

Educational: the student will be able reveal the concept of “early Renaissance culture”, “humanists”; name the country where it originated and the reasons for the emergence of a new culture, the main cultural figures of this period; determine the main features of the culture of the early Renaissance.

Educational: continue development of analytical thinking among students,ability to compare, generalize, draw conclusions

Educational: influence the feelings and emotions of children through demonstrating to students the beautiful creations of man, work in a group.

Equipment: multimedia projector, computer, texts for work, cards with tasks.

Forms of organization of cognitive activity: individual, frontal, steam room, group.

Topic study plan:

1. The connection between the Renaissance and Antiquity.

2. Humanism of the Renaissance.

3 Features of the culture of the early Renaissance.

4.The art of the early Renaissance.

During the classes :

Organizing time

Checking the readiness of schoolchildren for an educational lesson.
Organizing students' attention.

II Topic and goal setting of the lesson

How do you understand the word “Renaissance”? What is the difference between birth and rebirth?

Look again at the topic of the lesson. What questions on the topic would you like answered?

Demonstration of ancient monuments

What can you say about these works of art

(antique, depicts a man, beauty, strength, confidence)

Look at the illustrations in the textbook until….., find the same beautiful images of a person? (They are not here)

Why not? What's happening?(The Roman Empire was conquered by barbarians and people forgot ancient culture)

So what kind of Renaissance will we talk about in this lesson?(revival ancient culture when a person was highly valued)

Since the 14th century, in the rich cities of Italypeople appeared who called themselves “lovers of wisdom,” they believed ancient Greek culture an ideal when science and art flourished, and people were valiant and wise. And then, they thought, the barbarians came, and ignorance and cruelty reigned. And now the lovers of wisdom wanted to revive it, and therefore new era began to be called the Renaissance, and the period from antiquity to the Renaissance - the Middle Ages. But interest in ancient culture was not a simple copy. A new culture is being created!

3. Learning new things. What are the features of the new culture?

1. Work with the text, compare ideas about the world and man in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance

Text

Culture of the early Renaissance of Italy.

Medieval thinkers thought about God and the divine universe. They called their knowledge “knowledge of the divine.”

Since the 14th century, new scholars (they were called “lovers of wisdom”) began to study not only the Bible and the works of the church fathers. They became increasingly interested in the past and present of their people. The main thing in the writings of new scientists is interest in man, in earthly life. They began to call themselves humanists (from Latin humanus - human).

In the Middle Ages, believers believed earthly life “smelly”, and themselves insignificant and pathetic.Human bodyonly a shell of an immortal soul, it should be ashamed, hidden from prying eyes.

Humanists glorified earthly existence, ordinary life with her joys and anxieties they called her beautiful. Man is the best and most important creation, the “crown of creation” of God.What should a person strive for?Humanists believed that a person can and should achieve greatness already in earthly life. How can a person achieve perfection? Through willpower and labor, a person can achieve perfection in everything: physical strength and beauty, science, art, military skill, etc. The Lord helps active people. The reward for man, as the humanists taught, was not bliss in heaven, but glory among his contemporaries and descendants.

In the Middle Ages role modela saint appeared (poor, beggar, renounced property and earthly temptations, caring about the salvation of the soul). The humanists aroused the interest of their contemporaries not in saints, but in real people. Strong, beautiful, active, smart people humanists admire.

In feudal society"noble ", that is, the best people were considered those who had noble ancestors. Humanists declared that nobility does not depend on origin. It doesn’t matter who you are by origin: the son of a prince or a shoemaker. Noble is he who has educated his soul through education and reflection on sublime subjects and how to act in life. Only such a person can achieve greatness and glory.

Became highly valued during the Renaissance education . The number of literate and educated people who read a lot, traveled, spoke several languages, and were interested in philosophy, history, and art. Wealthy people invited scholars who knew Greek to give a good education to my children.

Conversation on table questions

What did they call people who thought life and people were beautiful?(humanists).

2.Art Early Renaissance (teacher's word, slides, assignments)

Slide 1. The founder of humanism is considered famous poet Francesco Petrarch, who dreamed of rebirth former glory Rome. One day he saw in church beautiful woman, he fell in love with her immediately and loved her all his life. She died of the plague without ever reciprocating the poet's feelings. Petrarch gave his beloved the name Lau/ra and dedicated many poems to her. He was the first to call an earthly woman Madonna. He was crowned with the title best poet Italy and lived at the courts of Italian rulers.

Work on an excerpt from Petrarch's sonnet (work in pairs)

Topic: love. Image: earthly woman. Main idea: love is happiness and suffering.

Slide 2 . Another founder of the Renaissance was Petrarch's student Giovanni Boccacio. He wrote a collection of short stories, The Decameron. In The Decameron, he vividly and fascinatingly showed the life and customs of various strata of Italian society and mercilessly ridiculed the hypocrisy, idleness and vanity of the clergy.

Slide 3. During the Renaissance, artists were very famous, they were invited by both Popes and rulers. Artists became interested a real man in his earthly life. Painted and sculptural portraits, individual or family, became widespread, depicting not gods, heroes and saints, but contemporaries from different classes.

One of the most remarkable painters of the Early Renaissance was the Florentine Sandro Botticelli. The most famous paintings masters – “Spring” and “Birth of Venus”, ...Madonna

Exercise . Look at the works of Sandro Botticelli, what features of the Renaissance we see in them?

(ancient plot, serenity, grace. Madonna has a thoughtful expression on her face with anxious and nervous excitement, like ordinary people.

IV. Reinforcing what has been learned in class.

Work in groups (the leader of the group distributes tasks so that everyone in the group has the opportunity to participate in the answer).

Exercise 1 .

In the “Book of Good Customs,” written by a resident of Florence in the 14th century, a number of instructions are given to his contemporaries:

Anyone who sleeps too long wastes time.

Remember that lost time cannot be returned.

Be careful and thrifty in all your affairs.

Beware of laziness as you would the devil himself or any other enemy if you want to succeed.

Always work hard to get benefits.

2. In what ways does he propose to achieve it?

Task2.

In Florence in the 14th-15th centuries. trading in cloth was considered a noble occupation, and a rich merchant was considered a “signor,” that is, they addressed him as a nobleman.

Think about how the new understanding of nobility differed from the knightly one?

Task 3.

1. What is the purpose and meaning of life according to the humanist Alberti?

- “Man was born not to sadly drag out his life in idleness, but then to strive for glorious and great deeds.”

“Like a ship that should not rot in the harbor, but should plow the sea, we strive through labor to achieve a laudable and glorious goal.”

“Although the accumulation of wealth is not as glorious as other important deeds, one should not, however, condemn one who devotes himself to a task that is very useful to the state and individual families.”

Task 4.

Answer only “yes” or “no” to the following statements:

The Renaissance began in the 15th century.
The new culture paid great attention to man and showed interest in life and nature.
Humanists considered the purpose of life not to serve God, but to work for the benefit of people.
Francesco Petrarca was famous artist early Renaissance.
Donatello was crowned with the title of the best poet of Italy and a laurel wreath.
Painted and sculptural portraits became widespread.

5. Summary

Was the lesson interesting and informative? Why are you interested? What did you like?

What questions did you not receive answers to?

What didn't work in our lesson?

D.Z.

1. V. 2-6, in writing any of your choice

Culture early renaissance

The Renaissance, as an era in the history of art and culture, is divided into four stages:

1. Proto-Renaissance, dates back to the second half of the thirteenth, early fourteenth centuries).
2. Early Renaissance, beginning of the fifteenth and until the end of this century.
3. High Renaissance, the end of the fifteenth century and the first twenty years of the sixteenth).
4. Late Renaissance, from the mid-sixteenth to the nineties of this century.

The “Early Renaissance” period spanned from 1420 to 1500. During these years, art, still completely detached from the recent past, mixed in some elements taken from the classics of antiquity.

The Renaissance is an era that reflected the beginning of the transition to capitalism from feudalism. The classical forms of the Renaissance took shape at the very beginning in Italy; a little later, similar processes began in Asia and in the countries of Eastern Europe. In each country, this type of culture had its own individual characteristics, namely ethnic characteristics, specific traditions, and the influence of other cultures. The revival is closely related to the formation of secular culture and consciousness.

The main feature of the culture of the early Renaissance, which was represented by Boccaccio, Petrarch, Donatello, Giotto, Botticelli, was the versatility and integrity of the understanding of man, culture and life. The authority of culture grew sharply all the time, but it was in no way opposed to crafts and science, but was an equivalent and equal form of human activity. Before high level rose architecture and applied arts, they had a connection artistic creativity, crafts and technical design. Another feature of the Renaissance is its pronounced realistic and democratic character, in the center of which nature and man are always at the center.

Artists achieve a large and wide coverage of existing reality; they truthfully reflect all the main trends of that time. They are looking for the most effective ways and means to more clearly reproduce all the richness and variety of forms of manifestation of reality in the world: its beauty, harmony and grace.
This era has great positive value throughout world culture, since art embodies the ideal of free and harmonious human existence.

The era of the early Renaissance is a transition from the Middle Ages to the modern period. It was at that time that major changes took place in cultural and economic life with the emergence of the first rudiments of capitalist industry, with the development of banking and international trade. A scientific picture of the world is being formed, with the emergence of experimental natural science. The greatest scientists of this era: Copernicus, Bruno, and Galileo substantiate heliocentric system. In addition, the world's first trip around the world was made by Columbus and Magellan with the aim of discovering new lands.

The culture of the Renaissance has its own development at different rates. Thus, in Italy it began in the fourteenth century, in some others only in the fifteenth. The sixteenth century is considered the highest point in the development of the Renaissance, when it spread to different European countries who are united by the ideas of humanism. This principle became an expression of the main orientation of the entire culture of this time, since it is considered the highest moral and cultural in the development of human abilities. The ideas of humanism embraced different layers of society, from merchant circles to religious spheres and the common masses. This was the time when a completely new secular intelligentsia began to emerge. Humanism is a belief in the great, completely limitless possibilities of man. Innovations appear in spiritual culture related to freedom of judgment, independence, and a bold critical spirit. The human personality, beautiful and powerful, rightfully becomes the center in the ideological sphere.

The first hymn to human dignity was written by Dante Alighieri - it was “ The Divine Comedy" This work combines poetry and philosophy. It even has theology, a science that is imbued great faith to the purpose of man on earth. Dante's contemporary Petrarch was a philosopher and lyric poet. It is he who is called the founder of the Italian humanistic movement of the Renaissance.

Lesson 26. Culture of the early Renaissance in Italy.

Target: explain the significance of the ideas of humanism and the Renaissance for the development of European society.

Lesson type: discovery of new knowledge.

DURING THE CLASSES

Organizing time

Motivational-target stage

Everyone knows that Italy was the heart of the entire Renaissance period. Great masters of words, brushes and philosophical thought appeared in each period of the Renaissance. The culture of the Early Renaissance in Italy demonstrates the emergence of traditions that would develop in subsequent centuries, this period became the starting point, the beginning great era development of creativity in Europe. Let's plunge into this era and get acquainted with the ideological inspirers of that time.

Updating knowledge

Let's remember:

What is culture?

What does the concept of culture include?

LESSON TOPIC: “The culture of the early Renaissance in Italy.”

Guess what questions we will consider in our lesson.

Lesson Plan

“Lovers of Wisdom” and the revival of the ancient heritage.

A new teaching about man and the education of a new man.

The first humanists in literature and art.

Work on the topic of the lesson

In the middleXIVcentury, a new era was born in Italy - the Renaissance. The first century and a half is called the early Renaissance.

Today you will act as researchers. We will divide into groups, each of which will receive its own task.

1 group. Working with the text of paragraph 1 of paragraph 29, answer the questions:

Who called themselves “lovers of wisdom”?

How did they relate to the Middle Ages?

What did they call their time?

2nd group. Working with the text of paragraph 2 of paragraph 29, answer the questions:

What did the thinkers of the Middle Ages do?

What was the main thing in the writings of new scientists?

What did they call their classes?

Who are humanists?

What is humanism?

What is the essence of the teachings of humanists?

What is the ideal of humanists?

group. Working with the text of paragraph 3 of paragraph 29, answer the questions:

What did the humanists say?

What did humanists devote all their free time to?

What did the humanists say about nobility?

Presentation of group work.

Already in the early Renaissance, art began to flourish in Europe. Painting, sculpture and architecture of the Renaissance are imbued with the ideas of humanism. Let's get acquainted with the first humanists of Europe.

Student reports:

Francesco Petrarca

Giovanni Boccaccio

Sandro Botticelli

Summing up the lesson

What new appeared during the Renaissance? What are character traits this era?

Student answers

Let's check how well you have mastered the material you have studied.

Survey using the site Plikers

A1. The Renaissance is considered to be the period

1) VIII-XI centuries.
2) XIV-XV centuries.
3) XIV-XVII centuries.

A2. Which country is the birthplace of the Renaissance?