In his article " Hero of our time. Essay by M. Lermontov", written in 1840, the classic of Russian criticism V.G. Belinsky notes, first of all, the dualism inherent in Russian literature, which is impossible to find in the works of foreign writers. Here talent and mediocrity coexist, the desire for cheap “electrification” (M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin) of the public and a genuine understanding of the national mentality.

According to Belinsky, a real creator has finally appeared on the arena, equally gifted in both poetry and prose, multifaceted and diverse. M.Yu. Lermontov is a talent that combines lyrical poetry and the story of modern life, which makes him similar to Pushkin. There is a noticeable dramatic movement in Lermontov's stories, which undoubtedly would not have been possible without such a brilliant predecessor.

The beginning of the novel, at first glance, does not give us an accurate and complete idea of ​​Pechorin. However, this impression is deceptive - we become imbued with his feelings, begin to think about him. All other persons surrounding the main character are grouped around him, forming a group with him. This expresses the unity of thought that permeates the novel, its characteristic completeness, completeness and isolation of the whole.

(The main character is Pechorin)

Belinsky points out: such isolation and completeness are characteristic of all living things, and this is a natural feature that is most clearly manifested in man. Thus, the main law of world life is the isolation and isolation of the general in a particular phenomenon. This law also applies to art, for the artist transforms and organizes creative thought into a work of art. It is obvious that Lermontov, as a true artist, coped with this task perfectly and was able to show the process of development of the “organic” from “itself.”

The critic examines the characters presented in the novel and gives an apt definition to each, pointing out the direct influence of circumstances on the development of natural nature. So, Maxim Maksimych, endowed with a kind, “human” heart, did not receive proper development, and therefore became just a campaigner, but a zealous, courageous and noble campaigner in his own way. Moreover, to outline his character, the author only needs a couple of well-aimed details, and now we have before us a typical Russian character. “Maksim Maksimych” is no longer a proper name, but a common noun. Using the example of the story “Bela,” Belinsky also notes the inherent ease of Lermontov’s narrative: it flows freely, like a mountain river.

It is pleasant and simple for the reader to sail on these waves, and now he is already in “Taman”. This story has a quirky local flavor that makes it impossible not to be charmed by it. We are also fascinated by the beautiful girl. And what about the main character?.. He still remains the same mysterious person. Having learned about his true intentions, we are ready to consider Pechorin a “terrible” person, and yet he is better than many: he has that strength of spirit that makes a mere mortal like God-fighters. Even in his delusions he is beautiful.

He is destined to know himself, but this is in the future. In the meantime, the hero will have to suffer and serve as the cause of suffering, rise and fall again to the very bottom. And even if someone dies through his fault, such is life, reality, the laws of nature. Like any person endowed with feeling and reason, he lives in constant grief, which, however, does not prevent him from being a cold observer. In Pechorin's soul there are two people, one of whom acts, and the second quite deservedly condemns him. And such duality is not the result of fashionable “Wernarianism” and “Byronism,” but the fruit of a bitter experience that led to the fact that one person died and the second was not yet born. This transitional state is the essence of reflection, expressed in disgust for any business and for oneself.

Perhaps Pechorin did evil, but, according to Belinsky, he himself suffered deeply from it. He is not an egoist, as is commonly thought, his heart is fertile soil on which flowers of goodness and love can grow. He is a deeply reflective nature, he is much higher than Onegin in concept, he rushes about and searches, longs for understanding and recognition of people much less worthy than himself, for peace and passions, feelings and thoughts. Will he find it?..

Sections: Literature

And we hate and we love by chance,
Without sacrificing anything, neither anger nor love,
And some secret cold reigns in the soul,
When fire boils in the blood.

M. Lermontov.

During the classes

1. Statement of the educational task.

How do you understand the meaning of the title of M. Yu. Lermontov’s work “Hero of Our Time”? Whose is “Our Time”?

- “A Hero of Our Time” is the first “personal” (according to the terminology adopted in French literature) or “analytical” novel in Russian prose: its ideological and plot center is not an external biography (life and adventures), but rather the personality of a person - his spiritual and mental life. And the soul in the Christian understanding is immortal, it is timeless.

Pechorin is a personality who embodied the characteristic features of the social consciousness of people of the 30s: the intensity of moral and philosophical searches, exceptional willpower, analytical mind, extraordinary human abilities.

What task did Lermontov set for himself when he wrote “A Hero of Our Time”?

(The novel was conceived as an artistic study of the inner world of man, his soul. Lermontov himself said this in the “Preface” to “Pechorin’s Journal”: “The history of the human soul, even the smallest soul, is perhaps more curious and useful than the history of an entire people , especially when it is a consequence of the observation of a mature mind over itself...")

The topic of our lesson: “The history of the human soul” in M. Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time.”

• Did Pechorin pass the test of danger?
• Is the hero capable of true love?
• What is our hero's philosophy of life?

Today in class we will try to answer these and other questions.

We have already noted the unusual composition more than once. What is it?

(All elements of the composition of Lermontov’s novel are strictly subordinated to the main ideological and artistic task that the author set for himself: to write “the history of the human soul”, to write a socio-psychological novel. At the center of the composition is the main character of the novel Pechorin, whom the author calls - not without bitter irony - “a hero of our time.” All other characters, representing artistic and historical-educational value in themselves, at the same time explain in one way or another the personality of the main character. The reader involuntarily compares him with these people and, by comparing, everything in a new way. evaluates it and comprehends it more and more deeply.)

Was it by chance that Lermontov abandoned the chronological principle in the arrangement of the stories included in the novel, and the order of their initial publication?

(Belinsky wrote: “The parts of this novel are arranged in accordance with internal necessity.” And then he explained: “Despite its occasional fragmentation, it cannot be read in a manner other than the order in which the author himself arranged it: otherwise you will read two excellent stories and several excellent stories, but you won’t know the novel.”)

What is the reason for the change of narrators?

(There are three narrators in the novel: Maxim Maksimych, a traveling officer and Pechorin himself. Yu.M. Lotman writes: “Thus, Pechorin’s character is revealed to the reader gradually, as if reflected in many mirrors, and none of the reflections, taken separately, gives comprehensive characteristics of Pechorin. Only the totality of these voices arguing among themselves creates the complex and contradictory character of the hero."

2. Consideration of the image of the narrator from the point of view of Maxim Maksimych. The author subjects the hero to the test of love.

Let's consider the point of view of the first narrator - Maxim Maksimych. What surprises him about the character of the hero?

(“He was a nice guy, I can assure you; just a little strange...”)

How do you explain the meaning of the word "strange"?

(With this meager definition of “strange” in the mouth of Pechorin’s closest comrade, Lermontov shows how difficult the hero’s character was to understand, so the writer refuses to directly characterize him. The hero has a strong individuality, he is endowed with charm, but there is also something alarming about him reader. He is both strong and weak, hardened and pampered. He is able to fight for his love - and he quickly cools down, he does not know how to love for a long time. He quickly becomes cold and feels empty in his heart. When Bela is bored. dies, Pechorin is beside himself, and after burying her, he suddenly laughs and then gets sick for a long time.)

Reading Pechorin’s confession in the story “Bela,” what character traits of this hero can you highlight?

(Decision, deep intelligence, indomitable energy, the search for the use of one’s strengths, courage are the hallmarks of Pechorin.)

Why, having fallen in love with Bela, does he not find peace of mind?

(“I was wrong again: the love of a savage is little better than the love of a noble lady: the ignorance and vernacular of one are as annoying as the coquetry of the other...” In this love, Lermontov first reveals the duality of his hero, expressing it in one remark: “I will give for her ( Bel) life - only I’m bored with it.” A child’s rejection of boredom and a mature readiness to give up life confuses the reader.

Belinsky wrote: “The strong need for love is often mistaken for love itself if an object presents itself to which it can rush; obstacles turn it into passion, and satisfaction destroys it. Bela's love was for Pechorin a full glass of sweet drink, which he drank at once, without leaving a drop in it; and his soul demanded not a glass, but an ocean from which he could draw every minute without diminishing it...".)

What does he see as the reason for his inner emptiness?

(“...my soul is spoiled by light...”)

The reader finishes reading the first chapter and cannot say anything definite about the hero. But many questions arise.

3. Consideration of the character of the hero in the story “Princess Mary”.

We know that the trials of love do not end there. Let's break the sequence of presentation and turn to the story “Princess Mary”. Why do you think the hero so persistently seeks the love of a young girl, Princess Mary, whom he will never marry?

(Pechorin cannot always sort out his feelings. “But there is immense pleasure in the possession of a young, barely blossoming soul! It is like a flower, the best aroma of which evaporates towards the first ray of the sun; it must be picked at this moment and, having breathed enough of it, thrown away on the road: maybe someone will pick me up! I feel this insatiable greed in me, absorbing everything that comes along the way; I look at the suffering and joy of others only in relation to myself, as food that supports my spiritual strength.” the hero's consumer attitude towards a woman, his selfishness, even cruelty. Pechorin does not take into account the simple truths that you need to think about other people, you cannot bring them suffering. After all, if everyone begins to violate moral laws, any cruelty will be possible. give up the pleasure of torturing others.)

But is his soul so callous? Isn't he able to appreciate the beauty of nature?

(“It’s fun to live in such a land! Some kind of joyful feeling is diffused in all my veins. The air is clean and fresh, like a child’s kiss; the sun is bright, the sky is blue - what, it seems, is more? Why are there passions, desires, regrets?. ."

A person who sees the harmony of nature cannot be soulless. Pechorin feels the beauty of nature and knows how to talk about it in the language of an artist. Thus, the hero is revealed to readers as a talented person.)

Do you think Pechorin is capable of love?

(“A long-forgotten thrill ran through my veins...” “His heart sank...” Pechorin’s feeling for Vera is exceptionally strong, sincere. This is the true love of his life. But for Vera, he also does not sacrifice anything, as for other women. On the contrary , inflames jealousy in her, dragging after Mary. The difference we see is that in his love for Vera, he not only satisfies his heart’s passionate need for love, not only takes, but also gives a part of himself. This quality of Pechorin emerges in particular. in an episode of a crazy, desperate chase on a wildly galloping horse for the irrevocably departed Vera. “I galloped, gasping with impatience. The thought of not catching her in Pyatigorsk struck my heart like a hammer - one minute, one more minute to see her, say goodbye, shake her! hand... I prayed, cursed, cried, laughed... no, nothing can express my anxiety, despair!.. With the possibility of losing her forever, Faith became dearer to me than anything in the world - dearer than life, honor, happiness! meaning. Pechorin forever lost not only Vera, his beloved woman, but also hope for the future and love for people, which, as L. Tolstoy showed in his autobiographical trilogy, is given by nature to every child in childhood.)

How does this characterize him?

(Pechorin is full of contradictions. We see that two worlds, two people are united in him. “There are two people in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him.” “I have an innate passion to contradict; my whole life has been just a chain of sad and unfortunate contradictions to the heart or mind.”)

Pay attention to the nobility of the hero, despite his consumerist attitude towards a woman, even selfishness, he stands up for her honor, does not allow himself a single low word addressed to them.

4. Psychological portrait of Pechorin. The hero in the assessment of the second narrator - a traveling officer.

Who introduces Pechorin to us in the chapter “Maxim Maksimych”?

What did the traveling officer see in the guise of Pechorin?

(The hero’s appearance is woven from contradictions. His portrait explains Pechorin’s character, testifies to his fatigue and coldness, to his unspent strength. Observations convinced the narrator of the richness and complexity of this man’s character.

“...his slender, thin frame and broad shoulders proved a strong build, capable of enduring all the difficulties of nomadic life...”

“...he did not wave his arms - a sure sign of some secretiveness of character...”

“...he sat as Balzac’s thirty-year-old coquette sits on her downy chairs after a tiring ball...”

“...his skin had some kind of feminine tenderness...”

“...his mustache and eyebrows were black - a sign of the breed in a person...”

“...I must say a few more words about the eyes.

First of all, they didn't laugh when he laughed! Have you ever noticed such strangeness in some people?.. This is a sign of either an evil disposition or deep, constant sadness.”

“... had one of those original physiognomies that are especially popular with secular women...”)

Lermontov creates a detailed psychological portrait, the first in Russian literature. A psychological portrait is a characterization of a hero, where the author presents external details in a certain sequence and immediately gives them a psychological and social interpretation. A psychological portrait, in contrast to verbal drawing, gives us an idea of ​​the inner essence of the hero.

What is the role of the portrait of Pechorin?

(The portrait of a hero explains the character of the hero, his contradictions, testifies to Pechorin’s fatigue and coldness, to the unspent strength of the hero. Observations convince the narrator of the richness and complexity of this man’s character. This immersion in the world of his thoughts, the depression of Pechorin’s spirit is the key to understanding his alienation when meeting with Maxim Maksimych.)

Can we talk about Pechorin’s cruel attitude towards Maxim Maksimych?

(“...he wanted to throw himself on Pechorin’s neck, but he rather coldly, although with a friendly smile, extended his hand to him.” But maybe he just didn’t want someone to invade his inner world? “Do you remember our life- being in a fortress? A glorious country for hunting!.. After all, you were a passionate hunter to shoot... And Bela?.. Pechorin turned slightly pale and turned away...” Pechorin is not running from Maxim Maksimych, he is running from his sad thoughts. what changed in the hero after leaving the fortress: his indifference to life increased, he became more withdrawn.)

Do we understand the hero, since we have considered the point of view of both Maxim Maksimych and the traveling officer?

(The hero is, of course, interesting. The more mysterious, the more interesting. Pechorin has a strong individuality, he is endowed with charm, but there is also something in him that alarms the reader. He is both strong and weak, hardened and pampered. He is able to fight for love - and he quickly cools down, he does not know how to love for a long time. After infatuation, he quickly becomes cold and feels empty in his heart.)

5. The character of Pechorin in the assessment of the hero himself. The hero is tested by danger.

Where is the hero’s inner essence most fully revealed?

(If the first two stories by genre are travel notes (the narrator noted: “I am writing not a story, but travel notes”), then the next stories are Pechorin’s diary.

A diary is a personal record in which a person, knowing that they will not become known to others, can describe not only external events, but also internal, hidden from everyone, movements of his soul. Pechorin was sure that he was writing “this magazine... for himself,” which is why he was so open in describing them.)

What parts does Pechorin's Journal consist of?

(Three chapters of the novel - “Taman”, “Princess Mary” and “Fatalist” - are parts of “Pechorin’s Diary”.)

Who represents our hero?

(The hero himself receives the floor, analyzing himself with the utmost degree of penetration and giving the reader the opportunity to look into his soul from the inside.)

What features of the hero’s character are revealed in the story “Taman”?

(Interest in a new circle of people, hope for a romantic adventure, adventurism.)

Why does he feel bitter disappointment?

(“And what do I care about human joys and misfortunes, me, a traveling officer, and even traveling for official reasons!..”)

Which story most fully reveals Pechorin's spiritual world?

(Stories “Princess Mary.”)

What kind of society surrounds the hero this time? How is it different from the highlanders, the smugglers?

(The environment surrounding the hero is people equal to him in social origin.)

Then why was there a conflict between this society and Pechorin?

(Among the people of this society there were no people equal to him intellectually.)

What assessment does Pechorin give to Grushnitsky at the beginning of their acquaintance? Why is Pechorin so irreconcilable in his perception of this man?

(Pechorin is unpleasant about Grushnitsky’s manner of pronouncing “ready-made pompous phrases... to produce an effect...” “I don’t like him either, I feel that we will someday collide with him on a narrow road, and one of us will be in trouble.”)

What feature of Pechorin’s character can we highlight?

(The ability to understand the inner essence of a person.)

Why is a clash between Pechorin and Grushnitsky inevitable?

(Grushnitsky is a kind of “double” of Pechorin. Putting on a mask of disappointment and melancholy, he plays the role of an unusual person.

“He speaks quickly and pretentiously: he is one of those people who have ready-made pompous phrases for all occasions...”

“To make an effect is their pleasure.”

“...I could never argue with him. He doesn’t answer your objections, he doesn’t listen to you.”

“His goal is to become the hero of a novel.”

Grushnitsky’s behavior is not only harmless and funny. Under the mask of a hero seemingly disappointed in some cherished aspirations, hides a petty and selfish soul, selfish and evil, filled to the brim with complacency.)

How does Pechorin behave in the duel scene?

(During the duel, Pechorin behaves like a courageous man. Outwardly he is calm. Only after feeling his pulse, Werner noticed signs of excitement in him. The details of the description of nature that Pechorin wrote down in his diary also reveal his experiences: “... it seemed dark and cold down there, like in a coffin; mossy jagged rocks... awaited their prey.")

Does the hero experience the triumph of a winner?

(It’s hard for Pechorin: “I had a stone in my heart. The sun seemed dim to me, its rays did not warm me... The sight of a man was painful for me: I wanted to be alone...")

(Highlight the true depth and originality of the main character.)

6. Life philosophy of the hero.

We examined the image of Pechorin when meeting danger. Further, in the hero’s reasoning, his life philosophy emerges.

What does he consider to be perhaps the only pleasure in life?

(“...my first pleasure is to subordinate to my will everything that surrounds me; to arouse for myself a feeling of love, devotion and fear - isn’t this the first sign and the greatest triumph of power...")

What assessment does he give of himself in his diary?

(Pechorin does not spare himself, first of all it is honesty with himself, self-criticism, but at the same time he does not strive to change anything.)

Reflecting on the eternal question, what is happiness, what answer does the hero offer?

(“What is happiness? Saturated pride?”)

What does pride nurtured in a person lead to?

(There will be no real friends nearby who understand people.)

What is friendship in Pechorin’s understanding?

(“... I am not capable of friendship: of two friends, one is always the slave of the other; I cannot be a slave, and in this case, commanding is tedious work...” Pechorin has no real friends.)

What can pride and lack of friends lead to?

(Of course, to loneliness. Pechorin seems to us not just a hero of his time, but a tragic hero.")

A few days before the duel, the hero is occupied with the question of the meaning of life. What does he see as the purpose of his own existence?

(“... why did I live? For what purpose was I born? Oh, it’s true, it existed, and, it’s true, I had a high purpose, because I feel immense powers in my soul... But I didn’t guess this purpose, I was carried away by the lures of passions empty and ungrateful; from their crucible I emerged hard and cold as iron, but I have forever lost the ardor of noble aspirations - the best color of life."

Why can't Pechorin find meaning in life?

(“This man does not bear his suffering indifferently, not apathetically: he madly chases after life, looking for it everywhere; he bitterly accuses himself of his delusions. Internal questions are incessantly heard within him, they disturb him, torment him, and in reflection he seeks their resolution “: he spies every movement of his heart, examines his every thought,” notes V. G. Belinsky, an extraordinary person, endowed with intelligence and willpower, a desire for active activity, cannot manifest himself in the life around him and cannot be happy. can give happiness to anyone. This is his tragedy.)

What are such people called in literature?

(Pechorin can be called a “superfluous” person. He has a lot of vital energy, a need for action, a desire to fight and win. Under favorable conditions, these qualities of his could have been socially useful, but life itself prevented this. Pechorin is a hero of the post-December, tragic era. Reality did not offer him real business; people like Pechorin were “seething in empty action.”)

This is a hero of that time, what would we take in our time? What character traits are necessary for a hero of our time?

7. Lesson summary.

Were we able to consider the history of Pechorin's soul?

Of course, we have touched only on some of the features of the hero’s soul. With the power of his talent, Lermontov created an image that still remains “a secret behind seven seals.”

Left a reply Guest

LERMONTOV M. YU. HERO OF OUR TIME THE BRIEF CONTENTS, READ A BRIEF SUMMARY, BRIEFLY RESELLING
THE BRIEF CONTENT, READ THE SUMMARY, BRIEFLY RESELLING - LERMONTOV M. YU. HERO OF OUR TIME

30s of the last century. The conquest of the Caucasus, which saw much more “stormy days” under Alexei Petrovich Ermolov, is nearing completion. “Alien forces,” of course, weigh on the “edge of holy freedom,” and he, naturally, is indignant, but not so much as to block the Georgian Military Road. It is there that the author, an officer of the Russian colonial troops, meets a veteran of the Caucasian War, Staff Captain Maxim Maksimych. Vladikavkaz, where our army men are heading, is not so far away, but ice and a sudden snowstorm force them to stop twice for the night. While drinking from a cast-iron teapot, Maxim Maksimych tells an inquisitive fellow traveler, like all people who write and record, a real incident from his life.

An incident brings together on a mountain road the narrator, who is traveling by train from Tiflis, and a certain Maxim Maksimych, a man of about fifty with the rank of staff captain. Having seen how freely and knowledgeably Maxim Maksimych communicates with the mountaineers, the narrator concludes that his companion spent many years in these places. At the overnight stop, during a conversation, the staff captain recalls an incident that happened with his friend, Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin, who served with him in the same fortress beyond the Terek.

Once it happened that Pechorin lived for two weeks in a Cossack village. An infantry battalion stood nearby. In the evenings the officers gathered at each other's houses one by one and played cards. One day, having given up a boring game, they started a conversation on an entertaining topic. They argued that Muslims believe that human destinies are written in heaven, and some Christians do not reject this statement. Then a certain officer, who was still sitting in the corner of the room, approached the table. As he approached, he looked at everyone with a calm and solemn look. A Serb by nationality, Lieutenant Vulich was brave and spoke little, was often harsh, did not confide his secrets to anyone, hardly drank wine and rarely courted women. He had only one passion - passion for the game.

Arriving in Pyatigorsk, Pechorin rents an apartment on the edge of the city. “Today at five o’clock in the morning, when I opened the window, my room was filled with the smell of flowers growing in a modest front garden. I have a wonderful view from three sides. To the west, the five-headed Beshtu turns blue, like “the last cloud of a scattered storm”; Mashuk rises to the north, like a shaggy Persian hat... Below me, a clean, brand new town is dazzling... further, mountains are piled up like an amphitheater, increasingly blue and foggy, and on the edge of the horizon stretches a silver chain of snowy peaks, starting with Kazbek and ending with the double-headed Elborus. .. It's fun to live in such a land! Some kind of gratifying feeling flowed through all my veins. The air is clean and fresh, like a child's kiss; the sun is bright, the sky is blue - what else seems to be more? - Why are there passions, desires, regrets?..”

Pechorin decides to go to the Elizavetinsky spring: in the morning the entire “water society” gathers there. Unexpectedly, he meets the cadet Grushnitsky at the well; they once fought together. Grushkitsky, “out of a special kind of dandy,” wears a thick soldier’s overcoat. He has a military award - a St. George's cross. He is well built, dark and black-haired. He appears to be twenty-five years old, although in reality he is hardly twenty-one. According to Pechorin, Grushnitsky is one of those who “have ready-made pompous phrases for all occasions.” It’s just that the beautiful does not touch such people, and they “importantly drape themselves into extraordinary feelings, sublime passions and exceptional suffering.” Pechorin and Grushnitsky do not like each other, although from the outside it seems that they are friends.

Having met old friends, they start talking about the local way of life, about local society. Two ladies, old and young, walk past them, dressed “according to the strict rules of the best taste.” Grushnitsky says that this is Princess Lithuania with her daughter Mary. After waiting for Mary to come closer

Belinsky writes that in the second half of the 30s, “a new bright luminary rose on the horizon of our poetry and immediately turned out to be a star of the first magnitude. We are talking about Lermontov...”

The novel “A Hero of Our Time” made an exceptionally strong impression on readers because it truthfully depicts the life of Russian society. “We must demand from art that it show us reality as it is, because whatever it is, this reality will tell us more, teach us more than all the fantasies and teachings of moralists...” .

In another article (“Works of Alexander Pushkin,” article 8), Belinsky emphasizes that the first to depict the “prose of life” was Pushkin. In the novel “Eugene Onegin” he “took this life as it is, without distracting from it only its poetic moments, took it with all the coldness, with all its prose and vulgarity.”

Lermontov followed the path paved by Pushkin. Drawing the image of Pechorin, he takes “into consideration the circumstances of his development and the sphere of life in which he was placed by fate.”

But Lermontov is an original writer, living in a different time than Pushkin. His Pechorin, according to Belinsky, is “a hero of our time.”

The life of Onegin, to whom “everything took a closer look, everything became boring,” consisted in the fact that “he yawned equally among fashionable and ancient halls.”

“Pechorin is not like that. This man does not bear his suffering indifferently, not apathetically: he madly chases after life, looking for it everywhere...”

Pechorin cannot live the way people around him live. “His spirit is ripe for new feelings and new thoughts.” But he does not find a reasonable use for his remarkable powers. For him, “everything old is resolved, but everything new is not yet there.”

Hence Pechorin’s duality, “the contradiction between the depth of nature and the pitifulness of the actions of the same person.”

Lermontov’s novel “is a sad thought about our time,” concludes Belinsky. Material from the site

The critic notes Lermontov's rare skill. The novel consists of separate stories, the characters and events of which are grouped “around one person” (Pechorin), united by a single idea, a “creative concept.”

This explains the “harmonious correspondence of the parts with the whole,” “the completeness, completeness and closedness of the whole.”

Lermontov's skill was manifested in his ability to create typical characters. “This is how true artists realize their ideals: two, three features - and in front of you, as if alive, as if in reality, there stands such a characteristic figure, which you sometimes will not forget...”

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Subject: THE IDEAL CONCEPT OF THE NOVEL BY M. YU. LERMONTOV
"HERO OF OUR TIME". GENRE AND COMPOSITION

The purpose of the lesson: - Tasks: remind students about the characteristic features of the life of Russian society in the 30s of the 19th century, about the fate of the younger generation; talk about the ideological concept of the novel “A Hero of Our Time” and about the responses to the release of the work; find out the reader’s initial impressions of Lermontov’s novel; dwell on the most important features of the composition (lack of a single plot, violation of the chronological order in the arrangement of parts of the work, the presence of three narrators in the novel - the author, Maxim Maksimovich and Pechorin).Lesson type - a lesson in learning new knowledge.Equipment:

Progress of lessons

Epigraph for the lesson:

“A Hero of Our Time” is by no means a collection of several stories and short stories - it is a novel in which there is one hero and one main idea, artistically developed.

V. G. Belinsky

I. Teacher's opening speech.

The novel “A Hero of Our Time” was conceived by Lermontov at the end of 1837. The main work on it began in 1838 and was completed in 1839. The story “Bela” (1838) with the subtitle “From the Notes of an Officer from the Caucasus” appeared in the magazine “Otechestvennye zapiski”; at the end of 1839 the story “Fatalist” was published, and then “Taman”. Lermontov first gave his novel the title “One of the Heroes of the Beginning of the Century.” A separate edition of the novel, already entitled “A Hero of Our Time,” was published in 1840.

The 1830s–1840s in the history of Russia are the dark years of the Nikolaev reaction and the brutal police regime. The situation of the people was unbearable, the fate of progressive thinking people was tragic. Lermontov’s feelings of sadness were caused by the fact that “the future generation has no future.” Passivity, disbelief, indecision, loss of purpose in life and interest in it are the main features of the writer’s contemporaries.

Lermontov in his work wanted to show what the Nikolaev reaction doomed the younger generation to. The very title of the novel, “A Hero of Our Time,” is evidence of its importance.

In the image of Pechorin, Lermontov gave an expressive realistic and psychological portrait of “modern man, as he understands him and, unfortunately, has met him too often.”(A.I. Herzen) .

Pechorin is a richly gifted nature. The hero does not overestimate himself when he says: “I feel immense strength in my soul.” With his novel, Lermontov answers why energetic and intelligent people do not find use for their remarkable abilities and “wither without a fight” at the very beginning of their life’s journey. The author's attention is drawn to revealing the complex and contradictory character of the hero.

Lermontov in the preface to “Pechorin’s Journal” writes: “The history of the human soul, even the smallest soul, is perhaps more interesting and useful than the history of an entire people...”

Features of the genre. “Hero of Our Time” is the first Russianpsychological novel.

II. Finding out students’ initial impressions of the novel “A Hero of Our Time.”

Here are some ofquestions:

1. Which of the stories you read made the greatest impression on you?

2. Tell us about your attitude towards the main character.

3. What events from Pechorin’s life did we learn about from the chapter “Bela”?

4. On whose behalf is the story told? What role does this play?

5. Who is Maxim Maksimych? What do you find out about him?

6. Is Maxim Maksimych the person who is able to understand Pechorin?

7. What impression did you have of the passing officer?

8. Read your favorite description of nature. What words help you feel the presence of a person painting a landscape?

III. Features of the novel's composition.

Questions:

1. What is the plot of a work of art?

2. What plot elements do you know?

3. What is the composition of a work of art called? What compositional techniques have you encountered before when studying works?

4. What is special about the composition “Hero of Our Time”? Can you identify elements of the plot that you know?(A feature of the composition is the absence of a single storyline. The novel consists of five parts or stories, each of which has its own genre, its own plot and its own title. But the main character unites all these parts into a single novel.)

5. Let's try to imagine the difference between chronological and compositional order.

Pechorin travels to his place of service, stops in Taman, then visits Pyatigorsk, where he was exiled to the fortress for a quarrel and a duel with Grushnitsky. In the fortress, the events described in the stories “Bela” and “Fatalist” happen to him. A few years later, Pechorin meets Maxim Maksimych.

Chronological order of the stories:

1. "Taman".

2. "Princess Mary".

3. "Bela".

4. "Fatalist".

5. “Maksim Maksimych.”

Lermontov violates the order of the stories. In the novel they go like this:

1. "Bela".

2. “Maksim Maksimych.”

3. "Taman".

4. “Princess Mary.”

5. "Fatalist".

The last three stories are the diary of the main character,
a life story written by himself.

Questions:

1) Why does Lermontov structure his novel this way?

2) What does this composition make you think about?

3) In what form were the first two stories written? the last three?

Conclusions. “Pechorin is the main character of the novel. The characters are arranged in contrasting ways. The point is to emphasize: Pechorin is the center of the story, the Hero of his time. The composition of the work (change of narrators, violation of the chronology of events, the genre of travel and diary notes, grouping of characters) helps to reveal Pechorin’s character and identify the reasons that gave birth to him.”*

IV. Responses to the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time”
me."

1. S. Burachek : Pechorin is a “monster”, “slander on an entire generation.”

2. S. Shevyrev : “Pechorin is only one ghost, cast upon us by the West.”

3. V. Belinsky : “Pechorin... a hero of our time.”

4. A. Herzen : “Pechorin is Onegin’s younger brother.”

Questions:

1) Which critic is more objective in assessing Pechorin?

2) How does Lermontov himself talk about Pechorin in the preface?

Reading the Preface.

(“...The Hero of Our Time, my dear sirs, is like a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation, in their full development...”)

Homework.

1. The stories “Bela”, “Maksim Maksimych”. (Characters, content, features of composition and genre, attitude towards Pechorin.)

2. Make a plan for the story “Bela”, title the parts.

Summary of a literature lesson in 9th grade. The date of the_____________________

Subject: “STRANGE MAN” PECHORIN (ANALYSIS OF THE CONTENT OF CHAPTERS “BELA” AND “MAXIM MAXIMYCH”) The purpose of the lesson: - to awaken interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.Tasks: to interest students in the content of the stories “Bela”, “Maksim Maksimych”; find out the features of the plot, composition, genre; by analyzing episodes, deepen ideas about the character of the main character, try to explain some of Pechorin’s “oddities,” talk about his actions and deeds (try to understand them), and relationships with other characters.Lesson type - commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.

During the classes

I. Homework survey.

1. What is unique about the construction of Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time”?

2. What does this composition make you think about?

II. The story "Bela". (Characters, content, features of the genre and composition, attitude of the heroes of the story to Pechorin.)

1. Conversation on questions:

1) How many parts can the content of the story be divided into? What headlines should you come up with?

2) On whose behalf is the story told? In what form is it written?(The story is told on behalf of the author and Maxim Maksimych. Genre - travel notes: “... I’m not writing a story, but travel notes.”)

3) What interesting things can you tell about the author and Maxim Maksimych?

The author is a “new” person in the Caucasus, yearning for his native place. He is curious, has a desire to “pull out” some exciting story from Maxim Maksimych. The author is educated, observant, and admires the wonderful nature of the Caucasus.

Staff Captain Maxim Maksimych is a “experienced” man in the Caucasus, accustomed to a harsh life. Military service taught him responsibility and discipline, but did not harden him. Maxim Maksimych is selfless and kind. Knowing the life of the mountaineers well, he knows how to understand their actions and appreciate their strength and courage. His speech, although not always correct, is always sincere. Belinsky notes that Maxim Maksimych speaks “in simple, rude language, but always picturesque, always touching and amazing...”. Meeting Pechorin and serving together is an exceptional event in the monotonous life of a staff captain.

2. Retelling-analysisepisodes "The Abduction of Bela" and "The Death of Bela". Can be usedquestions:

1) Mentally reproduce Pechorin’s psychological state.

2) How do these episodes characterize the main character?

3) Why do you condemn Pechorin?

4) What traits of his character deserve approval? Why?

5) Is Pechorin’s love for the mountain girl Bela a real feeling or is it just a hobby - a whim?

6) How does Maxim Maksimych see Pechorin’s strangeness?

Pechorin attracts the attention of others and arouses the interest of the author. But the author’s attitude towards the hero is contradictory. The oddities in both Pechorin’s appearance and character are striking. Bravery, energy, courage, noble impulses are combined in him with lethargy and indifference.

The story with Bela shows that Pechorin has a strong will, he knows how to achieve his goal. This makes him sympathetic. But at the same time, the author condemns him for petty and selfish actions, the habit of considering only his own desires.

Pechorin’s inconsistency is revealed in the subsequent chapters of the novel in its entirety, revealing the “disease” of the generation of that time.

3. Retelling-analysisthe story “Maksim Maksimych” or role-playing. Can be usedquestions:

1) What is your impression of what you read?

2) What are the features of Pechorin’s portrait? How does it differ from the portrait given by Maxim Maksimych in the story “Bela”?

3) What is the role of the narrator in the story?

4) How is Lermontov’s ideological plan manifested?

5) Analyze the episode of Pechorin’s meeting with the staff captain. Can Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych be called friends?

6) How do you explain Pechorin’s coldness? Why didn't he stay to dine with the staff captain?

7) What character traits of Pechorin were revealed in the last meeting with Maxim Maksimych?

8) Which character do you sympathize with?

9) What do you think their meeting should be like?

10) What is the place and significance of the story “Maksim Maksimych” in the novel?

(The compositional role of the story “Maksim Maksimych” is great. It is like a connecting link between “Bela” and “Pechorin’s Journal”. It explains how the magazine came to the author, a visiting officer.

The plot of the story is also simple. But the meeting between Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych is sad. The coldness, indifference and selfishness of the main character have increased. Travel is the last attempt to somehow fill your life with something useful, new experiences.)

The most important means of characterizing Pechorin in this story is a psychological portrait (features of appearance, reflection of complex emotional experiences in it, psychologism of the portrait).

Homework.

1. The story “Taman”. Reading, retelling the plot. What is the meaning of Pechorin’s clash with the smugglers?

2. Analysis of the episodes “The Boat Scene” and “Yanko’s Farewell to the Blind Boy.” What new did you learn about the main character?

3. Observations on the composition “Tamani”, description of nature, speech of the characters.

Summary of a literature lesson in 9th grade. The date of the_____________________

Subject: PECHORIN IN “THE CIRCLE IS HONEST” ́ X smugglers"
(“TAMAN”). The purpose of the lesson: - to awaken interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.Tasks: to interest students in the romantic plot of the story “Taman”; pay attention to the unusual composition of the story and its role in revealing the character of the main character; by analyzing episodes and the actions of the heroes, deepen the idea of ​​Pechorin as a brave, active and determined person, but without a goal and meaning in life; highlight the features of the writer’s artistic skill in the story “Taman”.Lesson type -commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.

During the classes

I. Reading the preface to Pechorin's Journal.

Question:How does the preface reveal the author’s attitude towards his hero?(“Taman” is the first story from Pechorin’s Journal. Lermontov emphasizes the sincerity of the protagonist, who “mercilessly exposed his own weaknesses and vices.” The magazine clarifies much that is incomprehensible in the character and behavior of the hero.)

II. A brief retelling of the plot of “Tamani”. (The plot of the story is determined by the character of the hero, his great desire to find “the key to this riddle.”)

Questions:

1. What is interesting in the story?

2. How is it built?

3. What is the meaning of Pechorin’s clash with the smugglers?

4. What seemed strange and mysterious to Pechorin in the behavior and character of the owners?

III. Episode Analysis (by groups):

1stgroup. "Boat Scene" (What explains the behavior of the girl in the boat? What character traits of Pechorin appeared in this scene?)

2ndgroup. "Yanko's farewell to the blind boy." (What does the author highlight in Yanko’s appearance? What character traits does the author poetize? How does he convey the grief of the blind man? Why did Pechorin, who saw Yanko’s farewell to the blind man, “feel sad”?)

The beautiful “undine” is a strong and selfless nature, capable of taking risks. The proof is her struggle in the boat.

Lermontov emphasizes Yanko’s dexterity and courage, his love for will and freedom and at the same time speaks of his indifference and callousness towards the blind boy.

IV. Conversation about the main character.

Questions:

1. What made Pechorin “intervene” in events, become a participant in them?

2. How is his character revealed in the adventure in Taman?

3. Is the hero happy?

4. What does he blame himself for?

5. Why is it called “the circle is honest”́ x smugglers" "peaceful"?

Pechorin is an active, active person, fearless and persistent. But his actions, intelligence, observation, energy bring only misfortune. When the secret of the smugglers was revealed, “the aimlessness of Pechorin’s decisive actions was exposed”(N.I. Gromov) . “There is no goal in his life, his actions are random, his activity is fruitless, and Pechorin is unhappy”(Z. Ya. Rez) .

V. Lermontov's mastery.

Z. Ya. Rez highlights in the story “Taman”:

1. Mastery of story construction (intensity of the development of the action, its dependence on the character of the hero, clarity and harmony of the composition, absence of minor details, intensity of action).

2. A variety of ways to create character images.

3. The nature and role of the landscape in Taman.

4. Laconism, clarity and simplicity of style in descriptions.

5. Vivid individualization of the character’s speech.

Homework.

Reading the story “Princess Mary”. Pechorin's attitude towards the noble circle.

Summary of a literature lesson in 9th grade. The date of the_____________________

Subject: “THE HISTORY OF PECHORIN’S LIFE, WRITTEN BY HIMSELF” (“PRINCESS MARY”). The purpose of the lesson: - to awaken interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.Tasks: consider Pechorin’s conflict with the noble environment around him, show the inevitability of this clash; give students the opportunity to express their views on the personality of Pechorin, his friends and enemies; analyze the episode “Pechorin’s Duel with Grushnitsky”, find out how the characters’ characters are revealed in this episode; consider illustrations, drawings by artists M. Vrubel, V. Serov, D. Shmarinov and others for the story “Princess Mary”, try to explain what attitude the artists expressed towards Pechorin.

Visual aids: illustrations and drawings by M. Vrubel, V. Serov, D. Shmarinov and others for the story “Princess Mary”.Lesson type - commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.

During the classes

Epigraph for the lesson:

Why do they all hate me? My bile became agitated. I started jokingly and ended with sincere anger...

M. Lermontov. Hero of our time.

(Words of the main character of the work - Pechorin)

I. Depiction of noble society in the story “Princess Mary.”

Pyatigorsk The noble “water society” is the social environment to which Pechorin belongs.

Conversation on questions:

1. Tell us about Lermontov’s attitude towards noble society.

2. How is this society shown in the novel? (List those characters in the work who sympathize with Pechorin, who hate him, who “just tolerate him.”)

3. How is the life of representatives of the “water society”? What are their activities and interests?

4. How does Pechorin find himself in this environment?

5. How do Pechorin’s demands and ideals differ from the ideals of the “water society”?

Lermontov satirically depicts noble society. The visiting Moscow nobility, steppe landowners, the local elite, visiting officers - a heterogeneous “water society” of Pyatigorsk. Numerous novels and hobbies, gossip, cards, walks, balls - this is what interests the secular society of Pyatigorsk.

Against the “backdrop” of these gentlemen, the smart and decisive Pechorin stands out more clearly. He despises both the Moscow nobility and the Pyatigorsk noble society. The conflict between Pechorin and society is inevitable.

Lermontov convinces that such a hypocritical and empty society is not capable of promoting real heroes from its midst. In Pechorin, intense work of thought is constantly going on, he is persistent, he analyzes his actions, likes and dislikes, and strives to “get to the point.”

II. Pechorin and Grushnitsky. Analysis of the episode “Pechorin’s Duel”
with Grushnitsky."

Conversation on questions:

1. Tell us about Grushnitsky.

2. Why does Pechorin despise him?

3. What apt characteristics do Pechorin and the author give him?(Grushnitsky is a “poser.” “His goal is to become the hero of a novel.” “Producing an effect is his pleasure.” “He does not know people and their weak strings, because his whole life he has been focused on himself.” “There are many good qualities in their souls.” , but not a penny of poetry.")

4. Reading the duel scene (or retelling close to the text).

5. What caused the quarrel?

6. Did Pechorin want the duel and death of Grushnitsky? (Give quotes that help understand the main character’s state of mind.)

7. Could he have acted differently?

8. The night before the duel. What sides of Pechorin’s soul are revealed to readers? What explains Grushnitsky’s hatred of Pechorin?

9. How are the characters of Pechorin and Grushnitsky revealed in the duel scene?

10. Is this duel similar to the duel between Onegin and Lensky?

According to Belinsky, Grushnitsky represents the standard of “ideal phrasesters” who were encountered “at every step.” Contrasting with Pechorin in everything, in his leading features he personifies the disappointment and false romanticism that was fashionable in the 30s of the 19th century.

The portrait of Grushnitsky is not given statically, but constantly changes depending on the hero’s state of mind. Small-minded, envious and vain, all “woven” from falsehood, Grushnitsky prefers a false pose to natural movements. For him, the main thing is to produce an effect, to seem tragic and mysterious.

People like Grushnitsky, according to Pechorin, in old age “become either peaceful landowners or drunkards, sometimes both.”

But Grushnitsky did not live to see old age. He became entangled in lies and intrigue and was killed in a duel with Pechorin. In the last moments, “a struggle took place” in Grushnitsky, manifested in depression and embarrassment, in the admission of his wrongness. He passed away with the words: “I despise myself.”

Pechorin left the enemy “the possibility of a peaceful outcome.” He fired when Grushnitsky shouted: “There is no place for the two of us on earth.” But is Pechorin happy with this outcome? There is no joy and triumph of the winner. Pechorin's state of mind is difficult. He has “a stone in his heart.” But at the same time, Pechorin has hidden strengths, the ability to endure the condemnation of people and remain himself.

III. Working with illustrations.

Questions:

1. How did artists portray the heroes of Lermontov’s novel?

2. What mood of Pechorin and his seconds is conveyed in the drawings?

Homework.

Reading the chapter "Fatalist", reports ormessagesabout Pechorin’s attitude towards Mary and Vera.

Summary of a literature lesson in 9th grade. The date of the_____________________

Subject: “...I ALWAYS GO FORWARD MORE BOLDLY WHEN I DON’T KNOW
WHAT EXPECTS ME" (STORY "FATALIST")

The purpose of the lesson: - to awaken interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov.Tasks: determine the main idea of ​​the story “Fatalist”; deepen students’ understanding of the character, behavior and actions of the main character; help to comprehend the plot and compositional role of the story “Fatalist”.

Lesson type - commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.

During the classes

I. Implementation of homework.

Student presentations (ormessages) about Pechorin’s attitude towards women.

1. Pechorin and Princess Mary.

Questions:

1) Why did Pechorin need to start an intrigue with Mary?

2) What actions and actions of him cause the contempt of Princess Mary?

3) Why did Mary fall in love with Pechorin?

2. Analysis of the episode “Pechorin’s Farewell to Mary.”

Question:What did you learn about the characters from this scene?

3. Pechorin's attitude towards Vera.

Questions:

1) Is Pechorin capable of feeling love?

2) Could the heroes - Vera and Pechorin - stay together and be happy?

Love for Pechorin brought neither Mary nor Vera anything but suffering. Pechorin could not make even those whom he sincerely loved and respected happy (“... he loved for himself, for his own pleasure,” “he did not sacrifice anything for those he loved”). In love, Pechorin is an egoist.

But the heroines (both Vera and Mary) singled out among many... Pechorin. This “makes you see the hero’s unusualness, the spiritual beauty hidden in him, and enhances the hero’s charm.”

II. The story "Fatalist".

The story “Fatalist” completes Pechorin’s diary and the entire novel as a whole.

Pechorin is in an environment of officers that is well known to him. Events take place on the Caucasian line.

Questionsfor students:

1. Briefly retell the content of the story.

2. Why does the chapter “Fatalist” end the novel? What is fatalism?

3. Does rock, destiny exist or not? What explains that Pechorin believed in predestination for some time?

4. What thoughts does contemplation of the night sky suggest to the main character?

5. What conclusion can be drawn after Vulich’s death? Is there predestination or not?

5. What final conclusion does the author lead us to when talking about the episode of the capture of a drunken Cossack?

Conclusion. The author wanted to say with his story that in people’s lives there are many accidents and circumstances, but no matter what, one must act, fight, show one’s will and determination.

“As for me, I always move forward more boldly when I don’t know what awaits me,” says Pechorin.

III. Composition of the story "Fatalist".

If you have time, you can draw up a composition diagram.

A. A. Murashova offers suchdiagram* :

1. Episode with Vulich (there is fate).

2. The hero’s thoughts while contemplating the starry sky (doubts about the existence of predestination).

3. Death of Vulich (rock exists).

4. Capture of a drunken Cossack (Pechorin challenges fate and wins thanks to precise calculation, dexterity, and strength).

Conclusion.In any case, we need to act.

Homework.

Image of Pechorin. Make a plan for the image, select quotes.

Summary of a literature lesson in 9th grade. The date of the_____________________

Subject: “MY WHOLE LIFE HAS BEEN ONLY A CHAIN ​​OF SAD
AND UNSUCCESSFUL CONTRADICTIONS TO THE HEART OR MIND"
(IMAGE OF PECHORIN).

The purpose of the lesson: - to awaken interest in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov. Tasks:

Lesson type - commented lesson.Equipment: presentation, textbook, notebooks, cards.

During the classes

Epigraph for the lesson:

I look sadly at our generation.

M. Yu. Lermontov

I. Conversation with students about the hero of Lermontov’s novel, drawing up a plan for the image of Pechorin.

Exemplary plan to the image of Pechorin :

I. Pechorin is the central image of the novel “A Hero of Our Time.” A variety of means to characterize it.

II. The tragedy of Pechorin's fate and life.

1. The story of the hero.

2. The discrepancy between Pechorin’s life and his internal capabilities and needs:

1) extraordinary wealth of interests, complexity of the spiritual world, critical mindset;

2) a thirst for action and a constant search for the use of one’s strengths as a distinctive feature of Pechorin;

3) his inconsistency and discord with himself;

4) the increase in selfishness, individualism and indifference in the character of the hero.

3. Pechorin - one of the representatives of the advanced noble intelligentsia of the 30s:

1) his closeness to the best people of the 30s and Lermontov;

2) features that make Pechorin similar to the heroes of the Duma.

III. Causes of Pechorin's death:

1. Social and political situation in Russia in the 30s.

2. Lack of public demands and a sense of homeland.

3. Education and influence of light.

IV. Similarities and differences between Onegin and Pechorin.

V. The significance of the image of Pechorin in the social and literary struggle of the 30s and 40s.

II. Conclusions.

The leading theme of “A Hero of Our Time” is the depiction of a socially typical personality of the noble class of the 30s of the 19th century, that is, after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising. The main idea of ​​the novel is the condemnation of this personality and the social environment that gave birth to it.

N. G. Chernyshevsky correctly noted that Lermontov “presents his Pechorin as an example of what the best, strongest, noblest people become under the influence of the social situation.”

Nikolaev reality deprived Pechorin of a high goal and thought in life, the hero is bored, he constantly “feels his uselessness.” Life pits Pechorin against a variety of people. He does not wish harm to anyone, but still causes it. For the hero, the people around him are only a means to satisfy curiosity, relieve boredom, or experience new adventures. He is selfish. “In the first place for him,” writes Belinsky, “he always himself, his desires.”

Pechorin's character and behavior are extremely contradictory.

But for what purpose did he live? “Oh, it’s true, it existed, and, it’s true, I had a high purpose, because I feel immense strength in my soul,” Pechorin reflects.

Lermontov also writes about the positive qualities of his hero. He notes Pechorin’s deep mind, enormous thirst for life, activity, strong will, courage, perseverance in achieving goals, and most importantly, the desire for self-knowledge. Unable to realize himself, he directs all the forces of his soul to self-knowledge, and his energy to petty and unworthy deeds and actions. “...I was carried away by the lures of empty and ungrateful passions,...I lost forever the ardor of noble aspirations,” says the hero.

In the 30s, progressive people understood “noble aspirations” as serving their homeland and people. Therefore, Pechorin criticizes himself that, “despising his contemporaries for the pettiness of their existence, he himself did not serve high goals.”(N.I. Gromov) .

III. V. G. Belinsky about the novel “Hero of Our Time.”

“A deep sense of reality,” Belinsky wrote, “a true instinct for truth, simplicity, artistic depiction of characters, richness of content, irresistible charm of presentation, poetic language, deep knowledge of the human heart and modern society, broadness and boldness of the brush, strength and power of spirit, luxurious fantasy “, the inexhaustible abundance of aesthetic life, originality and originality - these are the qualities of this work, which represents a completely new world of art.”(V. G. Belinsky) .

The final lesson on the image of Pechorin can be carried out in the form of a literary trial of Pechorin.

Who is Pechorin? Let’s give the floor to the “investigator.” The “witnesses” in the case are: Maxim Maksimych, Grushnitsky, Princess Mary, Vera, Doctor Werner, the author himself - Lermontov.

Constant dialogue between defendant Pechorin, judge, investigator, lawyer, prosecutor*.

Homework.

1. Summary of Belinsky’s article “Hero of Our Time.”

2. Prepare for the essay, repeat the questions from the textbook at the end of the topic.

Lessons 50–51
ESSAY ON THE WORK OF M. YU. LERMONTOV

Sample Topics:

1. Poem by M. Yu. Lermontov “When the yellowing field is agitated...” (Perception, interpretation, evaluation.)

2. Poem by M. Yu. Lermontov “No, it’s not you I love so passionately...” (Perception, interpretation, evaluation.)

3. The fate of the generation of the 30s in the lyrics of M. Yu. Lermontov.

4. How is the poetry of M. Yu. Lermontov close to us.

5. The last meeting of Pechorin and Maxim Maksimych. (Analysis of an episode from M. Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time.”)

6. The scene of the capture of a Cossack killer in M. Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time.” (Analysis of an episode from the chapter “Fatalist”.)

7. “We became friends...” (Pechorin and Werner in M. Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time.”)

8. Pechorin and the “water society” in M. Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time.”

9. The theme of fate in the novel by M. Yu. Lermontov “A Hero of Our Time”, Pechorin and Vulich.

10. Grushnitsky and Pechorin. Comparative characteristics.

11. The tragedy of Pechorin.

12. Nature as depicted by M. Yu. Lermontov (based on the novel “A Hero of Our Time”).

13. “Hero of Our Time” by M. Yu. Lermontov is an eternal book.

14. Favorite pages in M. Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time.”

Homework.

Individual performancesstudents by groups:

1stgroup. "Gogol's childhood and youth."

2ndgroup. "In the Nizhyn gymnasium."

3rdgroup.“Evenings on a farm near Dikanka” (2-3 stories to read).

4thgroup. Collection "Mirgorod".

5thgroup. Gogol the playwright.

6thgroup. The last years of the writer's life.

Summary of a literature lesson in 9th grade. The date of the_____________________

Subject:

The purpose of the lesson: identify mastery of the topic.

Tasks: help students comprehend the character of the main character, understand the drama of an extraordinary personality; find out how the hero himself evaluates his life and himself; determine Lermontov’s attitude towards his hero.Lesson type – control of knowledge and skills.Equipment: tests.

During the classes

I. Test work.

Exercise 1.

Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov lived:

1. In 1814–1841

2. In 1824–1849

3. In 1812–1837

Task 2.

Determine the motives (themes) of M. Yu. Lermontov’s lyrics by groups of poem titles:

1. “Letter”, “Cup of Life”, “Monologue”, “Angel”, “K***”.

2. “Monologue”, “Cemetery”, “Confession”, “Death”, “Earth and Heaven”.

3. “The Death of a Poet”, “Dagger”, “Poet”, “Journalist, Reader and Writer”, “Prophet”.

4. “Novgorod”, “Turk’s Complaints”, “Sail”, “Desire”, “Farewell, Unwashed Russia...”, “Dagger”.

5. “Motherland”, “Borodino”, “Farewell, unwashed Russia...”.

6. “Both boring and sad...”, “Cliff”, “In the Wild North”, “Prisoner”, “Neighbor”, “Neighbor”, “Captive Knight”.

7. “I am writing to you,” “Caucasus.”

 theme of poet and poetry

 love lyrics

 motive of fighting against God

 homeland theme

 nature theme

 philosophical lyrics

 freedom-loving lyrics

Task 3.

Determine the size of the verse:

And the proud Demon will not lag behind,

As long as I live, from me,

And it will illuminate my mind

A ray of heavenly fire.

Shows an image of perfection

And suddenly it will be taken away forever.

And, giving a premonition of bliss,

Will never give me happiness.

1. Iambic.

2. Trochee.

3. Dactyl.

4. Amphibrachium.

5. Anapest.

Task 4.

Indicate the number of feet in the verse: “I’m sitting behind bars in a damp dungeon...”

1. 2 feet.

2. 3 feet.

Task 5.

Determine the period of the poet’s work to which the indicated poems and poems by Lermontov belong:

1. “Mtsyri”, “Demon”, “What’s the use of living...”.

2. “Prayer”, “In Memory of A.I. Odoevsky”, “Testament”.

 romantic

 realistic

Task 6.

Find metaphors and similes in the given lines:

1. “In the space of abandoned luminaries...”

2. “Underneath him is Kazbek, like the face of a diamond...”

 metaphor

 comparison

Task 7.

Hyperbole is:

1. One of the tropes, which consists of deliberate implausibility, artistic understatement, which has an emotional impact on the reader.

2. Such an image of inanimate or abstract objects in which they are endowed with the properties of living beings.

3. One of the tropes: artistic exaggeration, enhancing any qualities or results of actions and having an emotional impact on the reader.

Task 8.

Underline the hyperboles used in the text:

I am the one whose gaze destroys hope,

I'm the one no one loves

I am the scourge of my earthly slaves.

I am the king of knowledge and freedom.

I am the enemy of heaven.

I am the evil of nature.

And, you see, I am at your feet!

I brought it to you with emotion

Silent prayer of love,

Earthly first torment

And my first tears.

Task 9.

Based on the ideological content of Lermontov’s works, determine their names:

1. Exaltation of man in his desire for freedom, for unlimited knowledge of the world, the search for “eternal renewal”, “eternal rebirth”, “the story of the soul” of the main character - a powerful personality with unrealized potential.

2. Protest against the stuffy bondage that enslaves people, poeticization of struggle as a natural expression of human strength, a call for freedom, affirmation of love for the homeland.

3. Protection of honor, rights and dignity of a person, a call for freedom, a clash of two opposing forces.

 “Song about the merchant Kalashnikov...”

 "Mtsyri".

 "Daemon".

Task 10.

To which ideological and aesthetic movement in literature does the novel “A Hero of Our Time” belong?

1. Romanticism.

2. Critical realism.

3. Sentimentalism.

4. Enlightenment realism.

5. Classicism.

Task 11.

The theme of the work of art is:

1. Characters and situations taken by the author from reality and transformed in a certain way in the system of a given artistic world.

2. The main episodes of the event series of a literary work in their artistic sequence provided for by the composition of this work.

3. The main general idea of ​​a literary work, the main problem posed by the writer in it.

Task 12.

Define the idea of ​​the novel “A Hero of Our Time”:

1. Depiction of the socially typical personality of the noble circle after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, analysis of modern society and psychology.

2. Condemnation of the typical personality of the noble circle and the social environment that gave birth to it.

Task 13.

About whom it is said: “He sees nothing as a law for himself except himself”?

1. About Pechorin.

2. Onegin.

3. Doctor Werner.

4. Grushnitsky.

Task 14.

What is Pechorin's tragedy?

1. He is in conflict with others.

2. In dissatisfaction with the surrounding reality and in his characteristic individualism and skepticism. In his clear understanding of his inconsistency, the abyss “between the depth of nature and the pitifulness of actions” (V. G. Belinsky).

3. Indifference to everything that surrounds him: people, events.

4. In selfishness.

Task 15.

Determine who owns the given characteristics:

1. Spontaneous, integral, honest, kind, generous, sensible, “an honest soul and a heart of gold,” courageous and modest to the point of self-abasement, humble, loyal.

2. “The standard of ideal phrase-mongers”, incapable of “neither real good nor real evil”, narrow-minded, impersonal, boastfully proud, envious, false, with unreasonable conceit.

3. A commoner with progressive views, a materialist by conviction, a critical and satirical mind. A high noble soul, a man of great culture, a skeptic and a pessimist, honest and straightforward, humane.

4. Direct, spontaneously passionate, sacrificially loving.

5. Smart, well-read, noble, morally pure.

 Grushnitsky.

 Princess Mary.

 Maxim Maksimych.

 Dr. Werner.

 Bela.

Task 16.

Which character in the novel is the story about?

“He was a nice guy, I can assure you, just a little strange. After all, for example, in the rain, in the cold, hunting all day, everyone will be cold and tired - but nothing to him. And another time he sits in his room, the wind smells, he assures him that he has a cold, the shutter knocks, he shudders and turns pale, and with me he went to the wild boar one on one.BIt used to be that you wouldn’t get a word out for hours at a time, but sometimes, as soon as he started talking, you’d burst your stomach with laughter... Yes, sir, he was very strange...”

1. Grushnitsky.

2. Pechorin.

3. Maxim Maksimych.

4. Dr. Werner.

Task 17.

In order to emphasize the ideological essence of the novel, increase its tension, enhance the impression of the strangeness, inconsistency and tragedy of the character of the hero and show more clearly the ruined possibilities of his rare nature, the chronology of the events of the novel is disrupted. Restore the chronological sequence of events in “A Hero of Our Time.”

1. "Bela".

2. “Maksim Maksimych.”

3. Preface to Pechorin’s magazine.

4. "Taman".

5. End of Pechorin's journal.

6. “Princess Mary.”

7. "Fatalist".

Task 18.

Determine whose portrait this is.

“...He was a remarkable man for many reasons. He was a skeptic and a materialist... and at the same time a poet, and in earnest - a poet in practice always and often in words, although he never wrote two poems in his life. He studied all the living strings of the human heart... He was small, thin, and weak, like a child... His small black eyes, always restless, tried to penetrate your thoughts. His clothes were tasteful and neat, and his thin, small hands were clad in light yellow gloves. His coat, tie and vest were always black.”

1. Grushnitsky.

2. Pechorin.

3. Werner.

4. Maxim Maksimych.

Task 19.

The psychological nature of the landscape in the novel precedes the state of the characters, events, and their outcome. What event precedes this landscape?

“... All around, lost in the golden fog of the morning, the peaks of the mountains crowded together like a countless herd, and Elbrus in the south stood up as a white mass, closing the chain of icy peaks, between which the fibrous clouds that had rushed in from the east were already wandering. I walked to the edge of the platform and looked down, my head almost began to spin: it seemed dark and cold down there, as if in a coffin; the mossy teeth of rocks, thrown down by thunder and time, awaited their prey.”

1. Duel between Pechorin and Grushnitsky.

2. Kidnapping of Karagöz.

3. The death of Bela.

4. Vulich's shot.

Task 20.

Based on the characteristic features, determine which genre the work of M. Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time” belongs to:

1. In Russian medieval literature, this was the name of any work telling about an event.

2. A short dynamic story with a sharp plot and an unexpected ending.

3. The genre of epic, in which the main problem is the problem of personality and which strives to most fully depict all the diverse connections of a person with the reality around him, all the complexity of the world and man.

Task 21.

Pechorin's name was:

1. Maxim Maksimych.

2. Grigory Alexandrovich.

3. Sergey Alexandrovich.

4. Alexander Grigorievich.

III. Lesson summary.

G. M. Friedlander writes: “Pechorin is both an actor and director of his life drama; Finding himself in new circumstances, each time he stages a new play, in which the hero himself plays the main role. Each short story is another such “play”, staged and acted out by the hero himself.”

Which of the “plays” staged and performed by Pechorin was the most successful for him? In which role does he show his true colors?

Homework:

1) repeat the biography of Gogol from the textbook;

2) individual task: message “Interesting about Gogol.”

M.Yu. Lermontov. Lyrics.

1. M.Yu. Lermontov lived:
1. 1814 – 1841 2. 1824 – 1849 3. 1812 – 1837

2. Determine the motives (themes) of Lermontov’s lyrics by groups of poem titles:
1. “Letter”, “Cup of Life”, “Monologue”, “Angel”, “K***”.
2. “Monologue”, “Cemetery”, “Confession”, “Death”, “Earth and Heaven”.
3. “The Death of a Poet”, “Dagger”, “Poet”, “Journalist, Reader and Writer”, “Prophet”.
4. “Novgorod”, “Turk’s Complaints”, “Sail”, “Desire”, “Farewell, Unwashed Russia...”, “Dagger”.
5. “Motherland”, “Borodino”, “Farewell, unwashed Russia...”.
6. “Both boring and sad...”, “Cliff”, “In the wild north...”, “Prisoner”, “Neighbor”, “Neighbor”, “Captive Knight”.
7. “I am writing to you...”, “Caucasus”.

3. Determine the size of the verse:
“And the proud Demon will not lag behind,
As long as I live, from me,
And it will illuminate my mind
A ray of wonderful fire.
Shows an image of perfection
And suddenly it will be taken away forever.
And, giving a premonition of bliss,
Will never give me happiness."
1. iambic 2. trochee 3. dactyl 4. amphibrachium 5. anapest.

4. Indicate the number of feet in the verse:
“I’m sitting behind bars in a damp dungeon...”
1. 2 feet 2. 3 feet

5. Determine the period of the poet’s work to which the indicated poems and poems by Lermontov belong:
1. “Mtsyri”, “Demon”, “What’s the use of living”
2. “Prayer”, “In Memory of A.I. Odoevsky”, “Testament”.
1. romantic
2. realistic

6. Find metaphors and comparisons in the given lines:
1. “In the space of abandoned luminaries.”
2. “Underneath him is Kazbek, like the face of a diamond”
1. metaphor 2. comparison

7. Hyperbole is:
1. One of the tropes, which consists of a deliberate, implausible artistic understatement that has an emotional impact on the reader.
2. The depiction of inanimate or abstract objects, in which they are endowed with the properties of living beings.
3. One of the tropes, artistic exaggeration, enhancing any qualities or results of actions and having an emotional impact on the reader.

8. Indicate hyperboles in the text:
“I am the one whose gaze destroys hope,
I'm the one no one loves
I am the scourge of my earthly slaves.
I am the king of knowledge and freedom.
I am the enemy of heaven. I am the evil of nature.
And, you see, I am at your feet!
I brought it to you with emotion
Silent prayer of love,
Earthly first torment
And my first tears.”

M.Yu. Lermontov. Lyrics. Key.
1. 1
2. 1 – love letter, 2 – motive of fighting against God, 3 – theme of the poet and poetry, 4 – freedom-loving letter, 5 – theme of the homeland, 6 – philosophical letter, 7 – theme of nature.
3. 1
4. 2
5. 1 – romantic, 2 – realistic.
6. 1 – metaphor, 2 – comparison.
7. 3
8. no

Summary of a literature lesson in 9th grade. The date of the_____________________

Subject: FINAL WORK ON THE WORK OF M. YU. LERMONTOV

The purpose of the lesson: identify mastery of the topic.

Tasks: help students comprehend the character of the main character, understand the drama of an extraordinary personality; find out how the hero himself evaluates his life and himself; determine Lermontov’s attitude towards his hero.Lesson type – control of knowledge and skills.Equipment: tests.

M.Yu. Lermontov Roman "Hero of Our Time".

1. To which ideological and aesthetic direction in literature does M.Yu. Lermontov’s novel “A Hero of Our Time” belong?
1. romanticism 2. critical realism
3. sentimentalism 4. educational realism 5. classicism

2. The theme of a work of art is:
1. Characters and situations taken by the author from reality and transformed in a certain way in the system of a given artistic world.
2. The main episodes of the event series of a literary work in their artistic sequence provided for by the composition of this work.
3. The main general idea of ​​a literary work, the main problem posed by the writer in it.

3. Define the idea of ​​the novel “A Hero of Our Time”:
1. Depiction of the socially typical personality of the noble circle after the defeat of the Decembrist uprising, analysis of modern society and psychology.
2. Condemnation of the typical personality of the noble circle and the social environment that gave birth to it.

4. About whom it is said: “He sees nothing as a law for himself except himself.”
1. Pechorin 2. Onegin 3. Doctor Werner 4. Grushnitsky

5. What is Pechorin’s tragedy?
1. He is in conflict with others.
2. In dissatisfaction with the surrounding reality and inherent individualism and skepticism. In his clear understanding of his inconsistency “between the depth of nature and the pitifulness of actions” (V.G. Belinsky).
3. Indifference to everything that surrounds him: people, events.
4. In selfishness.
6. Determine who owns the given characteristics:
1. Spontaneous, integral, honest, kind, generous, sensible, “an honest soul and a heart of gold,” courageous and modest to the point of self-abasement, humble, loyal.
2. “The standard of ideal phrase-mongers”, incapable of “neither real good nor real evil”; narrow-minded, impersonal, boastfully-proud, envious, false, with extraordinary conceit.
3. A commoner with progressive views, a materialist by conviction, a critical and satirical mind. A high noble soul, a man of great culture, a skeptic and a pessimist, honest and straightforward, humane.
4. Direct, spontaneously passionate, strange, sacrificially loving nature.
5. Smart, well-read, noble, morally pure.
1. Grushnitsky 2. Princess Mary 3. Maxim Maksimych 4. Doctor Werner 5. Bela

7. Which character in the novel is the story about?
“He was a nice guy, I can assure you, just a little strange. After all, for example, in the rain, in the cold, hunting all day, everyone will be cold and tired - but nothing to him. And another time he sits in his room, the wind smells, he assures him that he has a cold, the shutter knocks, he shudders and turns pale, and with me he went to the wild boar one on one, it used to be that you couldn’t get a word out for hours at a time, but sometimes he would begin to tell , you'll burst your stomach from laughing... Yes, sir, I was very strange..."
1. Grushnitsky 2. Pechor 3. Maxim Maksimych 4. Doctor Werner

8. In order to emphasize the ideological essence of the novel, increase its tension, enhance the impression of the strangeness, inconsistency and tragedy of the character of the hero and show more clearly the ruined possibilities of his rare nature, the chronology of the events of the novel is disrupted. Restore the chronological sequence of events in the novel “A Hero of Our Time.”
1. “Bela” 2. “Maksim Maksimych” 3. preface to Pechorin’s magazine
4. “Taman” 5. end of Pechorin’s magazine 6. “Princess Mary” 7. “Fatalist”

9. Determine the identity of the hero’s portrait:
“...He was a remarkable man for many reasons. He was a skeptic and a materialist... and at the same time a poet, and in earnest - a poet in practice always and often in words, although he never wrote two poems in his life. He studied all the living strings of the human heart... He was short, and thin, and weak, like a child... His small black eyes, always restless, tried to penetrate your thoughts. His clothes were tasteful and neat, his thin small hands were wearing light yellow gloves. His coat, tie and vest were always black.”
1 Grushnitsky 2. Pechorin 3. Werner 4. Maxim Maksimych

10. The psychological nature of the novel’s landscape precedes the state of the characters, events, and their outcome. What event precedes this landscape?
“... All around, lost in the golden fog of the morning, the peaks of the mountains crowded together like a countless herd, and Elbrus in the south stood up as a white mass, closing the chain of icy peaks, between which the fibrous clouds that had rushed in from the east were already wandering. I walked up to the edge of the platform and looked down, my head almost began to spin: it seemed dark and cold down there, like in a coffin; the mossy teeth of rocks, thrown down by thunder and time, awaited their prey.”
1. duel between Pechorin and Grushnitsky 2. kidnapping of Karagyoz
3. death of Bela 4. shot of Vulich

11. Based on the characteristic features, determine which genre the work of M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time” belongs to:
1. In Russian medieval literature, this was the name of any work telling about an event.
2. A short dynamic story with a sharp plot and an unexpected ending.
3. The genre of epic, in which the main problem is the problem of personality and which strives to most fully depict all the diverse connections of a person with the reality around him, all the complexity of the human world.

12. Pechorin's name was:
1. Maxim Maksimych 2. Grigory Alexandrovich
3. Sergey Alexandrovich 4. Alexander Grigorievich

M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time”. Key.

1. 2 2. 3 3. 1 4. 1 5. 2 6. 1 – Maxim Maskimych, 2 – Grushnitsky, 3 – Werner, 4 – Bela, 5 – Princess Mary. 7. 2 8. 4 - “Taman”, 6 - “Princess Mary”, 7 - “Fatalist”, 1 - “Bela”, 2 - “Maksim Maksimych”, 3, 5 - Pechorin’s magazine. 9. 3 10. 1 11. 3 12. 2