Crimea, by its nature and beauty, has always attracted people of art. These were artists and poets, directors, actors, musicians. Everyone went to Crimea for vacation and for inspiration. The landscapes of the peninsula delighted them all. Today's post is about artists whose paintings are in one way or another connected with this amazing place.

Friedrich Gross. A name that they unfairly tried to forget. Now the work of the hereditary German artist born in Simferopol can be seen in the Crimean Republican Museum of Local Lore. There are few works left that have survived to this day.
Friedrich decided to travel all over Crimea in search of picturesque and inaccessible places. Some time later, in one of the newspapers they wrote: “Living among luxurious nature, he early felt an attraction to painting and passionately devoted himself to this noble art. He spent four summers in a row on the southern coast of Crimea... Transferring to paper everything that struck his eyes, and thus collecting a rich collection of the most picturesque views of the Crimea.” According to rumors, he was supported by the patron of the arts of that time, Count Vorontsov.

“View in Crimea on the Kacha River”, 1854, oil on canvas; 39x48; lower right corner "N. Chernetsov 1854" The work was exhibited at the exhibition "Russian and Ukrainian art XIX - XX centuries from private collections", held at the Kiev Museum of Russian Art, and published in the exhibition catalog of the same name. Kyiv, 2003

A little earlier, when Crimea had just joined Russia. Such artists as M. M. Ivanov (1748-1823), F. Ya. Alekseev (1753-1824) began to come to the peninsula. An artist also served with the well-known Count Vorontsov. Chernetsov N.G., who painted more than a hundred graphic works in which he depicted cities, towns and other important architectural structures with documentary accuracy.
Also among the first can be attributed Ukrainian artist Orlovsky V.D. (1824-1914). I saw his works in the halls of the Vorontsov Palace), A. I. Meshchersky (1834-1902), Krachkovsky I. E.(1854-1914) and Botkin M. P. (1839-1914).

Italian Carlo Bossoli(1815-1884). His watercolors and gouaches allow you to see Crimea through the eyes of the artist’s contemporaries, and imagine yourself in the place of the discoverer of old Taurida.
A traveler by spirit and an artist by profession, Carlo gained great fame during his lifetime, not without the help of Count Vorontsov.
The artist lived in Odessa and Crimea, and in total he spent 23 years in Russia, but succumbing to the persuasion of his elderly mother, he left for his homeland.

Probably the most famous artist of Crimea is Aivazovsky Ivan Konstantinovich(1817-1900). The artist loved his native land. He traveled all over it. He painted many paintings. He loved the sea most of all, which is what he depicted most often.
In his numerous works, he praised both the beauty of Crimea and its heroic story. Battle paintings artist such as " Chesme fight", "Battle of Sinop", "Brig Mercury attacked by two Turkish ships" and others are now known throughout the world. The artist also visited besieged Sevastopol (1854-1855) after which he painted “The Siege of Sevastopol”, “Transition of Russian Troops to the North Side”, “The Capture of Sevastopol”, “Admiral Nakhimov on the bastion of the Malakhov Kurgan, where he was hit by an enemy bullet”, “Place , where Admiral Kornilov was mortally wounded."
Nowadays the artist’s paintings can be seen in Feodosia in art gallery them. Aivazovsky.

From a famous Russian landscape artist Kuindzhi Arkhip Ivanovich(1842-1910) there was a dacha in the Crimea near Kikeneiz (now the village of Opolznevoe). He often came to his dacha, where he created his works. He tried to convey the mood of the sea in them, believing that this is the most difficult task for the painter. Arkhip Ivanovich had an equally talented student - Konstantin Bogaevsky.

A native of Feodosia (1872-1943). His first endeavors in painting were approved by Aivazovsky himself and subsequently sent him to study with the artist A. I. Fessler.
For me, Bogaevsky is a great master who surpassed many artists in his skill in depicting the landscapes of the mountainous Crimea. He loved landscapes. Winding rivers, mountains, waterfalls, he conveyed all this in his paintings. In some of his works he refers to the past of Crimea, writes the ruins of ancient cities and monuments. The painting “Tavrosky-fia” most fully and interestingly conveys the artist’s idea of ​​the historical Crimean landscape. in 1933 he was awarded the title of Honored Artist of the RSFSR.

Voloshin Maximilian Alexandrovich(1877-1932) for a long time turned the landscapes of Koktebel into works of art. The artist paints the same place in Crimea, each time finding something new. This is a rare phenomenon in Russian art.
When creating his beautiful, warm watercolors, Maximilian often signs them with poetic lines, deepening his understanding of the landscape. Voloshin's paintings can be seen in the Feodosia Museum. Aivazovsky, which also presents works by artists Fessler A.I. Latri M.P., Lagorio L.f., Magdesian E.Ya., Krainev V.V., Barsamova N. S. and others.

He also lived on the peninsula for some time. Vasiliev Fedor Alexandrovich(1850-1873) in the city of Yalta. He did not immediately get used to the bright colors of Crimea; this happened gradually for him. The last landscape Vasilyev’s painting was “In the Crimean Mountains”.

I came to Crimea only twice Levitan Isaac Ilyich(1860-1900). During these trips, he created a series of sketches that convey the mood and originality of the Crimean landscape.

Korovin Konstantin Alekseevich(1861-1939) Crimea dazzled with the brightness of its flowers and festive colors. The artist paints landscapes of Sevastopol, Gurzuf, Yalta, etc.
In 1910, he built a dacha-workshop in Gurzuf, and in 1947 it became the House of Creativity named after. Korovin, where allied artists went to rest and work.

The theme of the Crimean peninsula is deeply embedded in creativity Kuprin Alexander Vasilievich(1880-1960). The artist visited many cities of coastal Crimea, painted the streets of Bakhchisarai, mountains, and historical monuments. His first work is considered to be “Deer Mountain”.

Rubo Franz Alekseevich(1856-1928) created a huge canvas (115x4 m) of a panorama dedicated to the first defense of Sevastopol. This canvas shows one of the events of the 349th defense, the reflection of the assault on June 6, 1855. The artist painted many sketches, and the canvas itself was painted in Munich.
During the Second World War, part of the canvas was destroyed and was restored 17 Soviet artists under the leadership of Yakovlev V.N., and subsequently Sokolov-Skalk P.P.

In 1959, the opening of the Diarama “Assault on Sapun Mountain on May 7, 1944” took place in Sevastopol. The canvas has been painted battle painters Marchenko G. I., Maltsev P. T., Prisekin N. S. Some of the participants in the assault were drawn to resemble portraits.

Outstanding master of battle painting Samokish Nikolay Semenovich(1860-1944) was a student of Franz Roubaud. He lived first in Evpatoria, and then in Simferopol.
“Transition of the Red Army through Sivash” (1935) is best work the artist recreates the revolutionary impulse of the soldiers of our army, their mass heroism.
In Simferopol, Samokish created a studio and directed its work. The Simferopol Art School is named after him.

Before the start of the war in Sevastopol Alexandrovich Deineka(1899-1969) created numerous sketches, watercolors, and his own famous painting"Future pilots"

The works of all these masters left us a piece of the past so that we know what Crimea was like before us...

Views: 22347

0

Crimea, by its nature and beauty, has always attracted people of art. These were artists and poets, directors, actors, musicians. Everyone went to Crimea for vacation and for inspiration. The landscapes of the peninsula delighted them all. Today's post is about artists whose paintings are in one way or another connected with this amazing place.
The art of the peninsula was formed under the influence of many cultures, but at the same time autonomous and a little closed. Scythians, Taurians, Cimmerians, Genoese, Tatars, Armenians, Slavs - all the peoples who inhabited the Crimea brought with them the best and wove it into the common tapestry of decorative and applied arts, architecture, and later fine art.

An artistic fever swept Crimea in late XIX century and continued into the 20th. Most of the teachers of the Imperial Academy of Arts and the Moscow Institute of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture worked in Crimea. The museums of Moscow and St. Petersburg, and later in the Crimean museums, collected sketches, still lifes, landscape and staffage paintings, ethnographic drawings of the best representatives of the Russian visual arts: F. Vasilyev, I. Krachkovsky, A. Meshchersky, A. Bogolyubov, I. Levitan, A. Kuindzhi, I. Shishkin, K. Korovin, V. Serov, V. Surikov, V. Polenov, P. Konchalovsky and others .

After the events civil war Crimea is even more so turning into an “ivory tower” for artists, poets, and philosophers. In Koktebel, Yalta, Sudak, Feodosia and Yevpatoria, many of those who seek salvation from the “waves of wars and revolutions” (M. Voloshin) find shelter. First of all, this is Maximilian Voloshin himself, and with him Ostroumova, Kuzmin, ..... Annenkov,. K. Bogaevsky, N. Samokish, N. Barsamov, V. Yanovsky, E. Nagaevskaya, Kuprin linked their fate with Crimea. I. Grabar, I. Chekmazov, V. Favorskaya, Falk come to work - it’s impossible to list them all. And to everyone creative people Crimea provided shelter, shelter, inspiration.

Crimea is an amazing natural and cultural phenomenon, which influences events and human destinies strong direct impact. Goethe calls this the “Genius of the Place”; our contemporaries talk about the energy of Crimea and its special cultural and information field. Regardless of definitions, the fact that Crimea remains the main actor historical and cultural events, and their creators and creators simply receive the right to perform on this stage.

So is modern Crimean painting - it is allowed to perpetuate the beauty of this natural phenomenon. As the Crimeans say: “We have one life and we must live it in Crimea!” Apparently, agreeing with them, the best painters and graphic artists from all cities have been coming here for more than 60 years. Soviet Union, and now Russia and Ukraine. Each of them strives to capture the Crimean landscapes, sea, flowers and fruits, to create their own anthem Divine Beauty!
E.O. Samoilova

Mikhail Matveevich Ivanov. (1748-1823)
IN late XVIII century, the Russian artist Mikhail Matveevich Ivanov was the first to pave the way to Old Crimea. In January 1780, he, then already an academician of painting, was sent to the governor of the southern provinces of Russia, Prince Potemkin, to depict “cities and sights of the newly annexed lands,” as well as those areas for which Russia was still fighting. Ivanov was enlisted in Potemkin's headquarters and even received the rank of prime minister. In 1783, Ivanov painted views of the Old Crimea. Ten watercolors by this artist, dedicated to the Old Crimea and its environs, are now kept in the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg.

M.M. Ivanov. Balaclava.

The albums of Mikhail Matveevich Ivanov represent a rare example of a diverse graphic heritage that included many years of work by the Russian artist of the 18th century. They help to understand it creative ideas and trace the stages of work on creating pictorial easel watercolors.

Ivan Constantinovich Aivazovski.(1817-1900).
Particular attention should be paid to the marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky.
As a boy, Ivan Aivazovsky fell in love with the sea expanses of the Crimean coast. His wild, romantic imagination depicted night storms, endless expanses of water and the struggle of people with the raging elements. These vivid images were reflected in the work of his entire life. Aivazovsky became the only artist of the Russian school who devoted all his extraordinary talent to marine painting. For my long life Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky created about 6 thousand works, fame and recognition came to him in his youth, his name thundered throughout the world and entered the history of world painting. The sea in his paintings is photographically realistic, but he did not paint it from life. It is impossible to stop the movement of a wave in order to capture it with a brush. To do this, you need to feel the sea, understand and predict the movements of its waters, and he knew how to do this. Aivazovsky was taught by the sea itself, as a child, in his native Crimea.

Everyone knows Aivazovsky as a marine painter, but he also has paintings on historical subjects, genre scenes, and themes ancient mythology, views of cities, religious and allegorical paintings, as well as portraits. Here are just a few of them: “The Arrival of Catherine II in Feodosia”, “Meeting of Venus on Olympus”, “Jewish Crossing the Black Sea”, “Gypsy Camp”, “Sunset in the Steppe”, “In the Caucasus Mountains”, “Walking on the Waters” ", "Wedding in Ukraine".

The results of the Crimean trip were more than successful and culminated in a long-awaited and well-deserved business trip to Italy, to Rome - this Mecca artistic life all over Europe. A large group of Russian painters, sculptors, architects, writers (both independent and retired, like Aivazovsky) worked there: Bryullov, Kiprensky, S. Shchedrin, A. Ivanov, Jordan, Gogol and many others. Aivazovsky works very hard and soon becomes one of the most famous and fashionable artists in Rome. Orders are literally pouring in on him, all the newspapers write enthusiastically about him: “... no one here writes water like that and marine species" Many artists, much older than him, began to imitate his style of painting, and after him, every shop already boasted views of the sea “a la Aivazovsky.” Rome, Naples, Venice, Amsterdam, London and even self-satisfied Paris admired his paintings, in which sunlight or moonlight was so vividly conveyed that people not experienced in painting even suspected the artist of “magic” (aren’t you a picture of a lamp or a candle?). Myself great marine painter Turner, completely captivated by Aivazovsky’s art, dedicated poetry to the young artist From Russia.
Yes, it’s not for nothing that his living skill best paintings no one has surpassed it to this day!

In his own workshop, Ivan Konstantinovich worked tirelessly with young artists: years of work went into creating a special school of Crimean landscape. There future famous artists got involved in painting: Lagorio, Fessler, Kuindzhi, Magdesiyan, Latri, Voloshin, Bogaevsky. And today in the Feodosia Art Gallery you will be greeted by the works of the greatest artist - the morenaist.

Carlo Bossoli.(1815-1884)
Is it any wonder that romantic Taurida turned out to be so attractive to artists who brought to us visual images that were consonant with, and sometimes even more vivid than literary descriptions. A worthy place in the brilliant galaxy of illustrious names is occupied by the Italian Carlo Bossoli (1815-1884). His work, permeated with light and the festive atmosphere of the South, allows you to see Crimea through the eyes of the artist’s famous contemporaries, to feel like a pioneer of the legendary land of Taurida
.

A talented draftsman, tireless traveler, author of amazing travel sketches, one of the founders of the tradition of “fine journalism,” Carlo Bossoli will experience great fame during his lifetime. His human and creative destiny was largely determined thanks to the active participation of M.S. Vorontsov, as well as the artist’s life in Odessa and Crimea. These are a kind of stages in the formation of a master. Consistently connected with each other, they formed the artist’s circle of interests, anticipated his creative aspirations and therefore deserve attention.

Bogaevsky Konstantin Fedorovich. (1871-1943)
Another famous Feodosia artist K. F. Bogaevsky for almost three years, in 1925-1927, fulfilled the order of the Crimean Committee for the Protection of Monuments of Art - he created a large series of watercolors and drawings depicting Old Crimea and its historical monuments.

Bogaevsky Konstantin Fedorovich (1871-1943) - painter and graphic artist, known as a master of “fantastic landscape”. He was born and lived almost his entire life in Feodosia. He flatly refused to study with Aivazovsky, because... he was attracted not by sea views, but by the history of ancient Cimmeria. In 1891 he entered the Academy of Arts and studied in the studio of landscape painter Arkhip Kuindzhi, whom he also did not imitate. An interesting fact: Bogaevsky was not given any drawings by sitters during his classes. Kuindzhi freed the student from these classes, during which he played the guitar.

After graduating from the academy, Bogaevsky visited Italy, France, Germany, Austria, but became convinced that he could only create in Crimea. Returning to Feodosia, he soon became friends with his like-minded person M. Voloshin. His original landscapes enjoyed constant success, and the philanthropist N.P. Ryabushinsky even rebuilt the hall for Bogaevsky’s decorative panels. IN Soviet time he takes an active part in the creation of the I.K. Aivazovsky Museum, then the Museum of Antiquities. For this museum, Bogaevsky sketched the historical monuments of Bakhchisarai, Sudak, Alupka, Old Crimea, and Feodosia. In 1923, he released an album of autolithographs, Landscapes of Cimmeria. Bogaevsky died on the street of Feodosia in 1943 during the bombing of the city during the war.

Voloshin Maximilian Alexandrovich.(1877 - 1932)
Bogaevsky’s partner on this creative old Crimean business trip was Maximilian Voloshin, whose multifaceted work deserves admiration as an artist, poet, translator, literary critic, philosopher, public figure. Their long-term creative collaboration made it possible to discover for many the harsh, sometimes fantastic, beauty of the southeastern Crimea, including Old Crimea. It is not for nothing that they are both called the singers of Cimmeria.

Voloshin ( real name- Kirienko-Voloshin) Maximilian Aleksandrovich (1877 - 1932), poet, critic, essayist, artist.
Born on May 16 (28 NS) in Kyiv.
He begins to study at the Moscow gymnasium, and finishes the gymnasium course in Feodosia. In 1890 he began to write poetry, translated by G. Heine.
In 1897 he entered the Faculty of Law at Moscow University, but three years later he was expelled for participating in student unrest. Decides to devote himself entirely to literature and art.
In 1924, with the approval of the People's Commissariat of Education, Voloshin converted his house in Koktebel into a free house of creativity (later the House of Creativity of the USSR Literary Fund). A certain Belyatskaya L.Yu., who was rumored to be his favorite, was appointed caretaker.

In 1927, an exhibition of Voloshin landscapes was held, organized by State Academy artistic sciences(with a printed catalogue), which became Voloshin’s last appearance on the public stage.
He works a lot as an artist, participating in exhibitions in Feodosia, Odessa, Kharkov, Moscow, Leningrad. Voloshin turned his house in Koktebel into a free shelter for writers and artists, with the help of his second wife M. Zabolotskaya.

The house-museum of Maximilian Voloshin is the only one in the world that survived the wars and preserved the mystery and charm of the era Silver Age. Thanks to Voloshin, Koktebel turned into a place where almost the entire world of the Russian intelligentsia of the early twentieth century visited. The owner was very hospitable and arranged a free holiday home for writers, artists and scientists in the house. The time filled with impressions of Cimmerian nature, serious scientific and cultural discussions, humorous jokes and communication with M. Voloshin inspired the guests.
Crimea was also visited and depicted in their paintings by artists K. Petrov-Vodkin, P. Konchalovsky, R. Falk, A. Benois and many others.

Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov. (1782-1856)
The era of Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov is truly history in a memorial space. As contemporaries asserted, “that brilliant page of the South of Russia begins with him, of which our Fatherland can be proud.” The era of Prince Vorontsov, who in 1823 assumed the office of Governor-General of Novorossiya, plenipotentiary governor of the emperor in Bessarabia (and since 1844 in the Caucasus), marks the true economic and spiritual development of these lands. A politician, administrator, talented entrepreneur, public figure with broad liberal views, he was one of the most cultured people of its time. By combining romanticism with a sober and even utilitarian view of things, which is a purely generic trait of the Vorontsovs, he managed to reach heights in society and at court, accumulate significant land capital and, at the same time, become famous as a generous patron of science and culture.

During the reign of M.S. Vorontsov, the entire Novorossiysk region, Crimea, partly Bessarabia and the inaccessible Caucasus were explored, described, and illustrated much more accurately and in more detail than many parts of Russia. M.S. Vorontsov personally assisted the expeditions, sought funds, provided scientists with his libraries and even the family archive. As a result, valuable publications about the nature, history, economics, and geography of the region appeared. IN different time with the “unfailing assistance of an enlightened ruler,” academicians P. Keppen, C. Montandon, T. Vanzetti, archaeologist N. Murzakevich, historian and linguist A. Firkovich, artists G. Chernetsov, C. Bossoli traveled through the Crimea and the Caucasus...

Kuprin Alexander Vasilievich.(1880-1960)
Born in Borisoglebsk (Voronezh province) on March 10 (22), 1880 in the family of a district school teacher.

He studied at the Voronezh evening drawing classes at the Society of Painting Lovers (1899-1901) with L. G. Solovyov and M. I. Ponomarev.
He visited the studios of L.E. Dmitriev-Kavkazsky (1902–1910) in St. Petersburg and K.F. Yuon (1904–1906) in Moscow, then studied at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (1906–1910).
In 1913–1914 he visited Italy and France.

He was a member of the associations “Jack of Diamonds” (since 1910), “Moscow Painters” and “Society of Moscow Artists”.
In the imaginary group portrait members of the "Jack of Diamonds" society (1910) place A.V. Kuprin would be in the second row, next to V.V. Rozhdestvensky and R.R. Falk.
The theme of the Crimean peninsula is deeply embedded in the work of Alexander Vasilyevich Kuprin (1880-1960). The artist visited many cities of coastal Crimea, painted the streets of Bakhchisarai, mountains, and historical monuments. His first work is considered to be “Deer Mountain”.

Vasily Ivanovich Surikov.(1848-1916).
Vasily Ivanovich Surikov was born on January 12, 1848 in Krasnoyarsk. School teacher N.V. Grebnev gave him his first painting lessons. Already in 1862, the aspiring artist created his first work - “Rafts on the Yenisei”. To receive a full-fledged art education, Surikov leaves for St. Petersburg. There in 1869 he entered the Academy of Arts. The education of the talented young man is paid for by a patron of the arts who is interested in his work.
Already at this time, the artist’s special love for composition was evident; Surikov worked mainly on subjects from ancient history(“The Feast of Belshazzar”, “The Apostle Paul”) After graduating from the Academy, Surikov moved to Moscow.
The blessed Crimea became for Vasily Ivanovich a divine discovery, unquenchable delight and... a “swan song”. He captured it with the colors of joy and left it to his descendants. He opened ancient land Taurida in 1907. And he found himself captivated by the free, vast sea, its deep, noisy voice, and the gray mountains with mysterious peaks. But the ancient settlements and people of those places did not pass by the artist’s keen eye. Yes, and in those gentle lands he was not a swollen idle holidaymaker, but a worker of brush and easel. A man of Siberian blood and irrepressible nature could not do otherwise.

Fate gave Vasily Ivanovich the Crimea four times (1907, 1908, 1913, 1915). The trips lasted for months. We learn about the first from the story of Natalya Konchalovskaya’s granddaughter: “Crimea seemed dazzling to Surikov, he enjoyed swimming, the sun, long walks in the mountains and painted many watercolors in Gurzuf and Simeiz.”
Today we know “Surf”, “Simeiz”, “Crimean Landscape”, “Gurzuf”, “Ai-Petri from Simeiz”, “Sea” and two portraits of E. N. Sabashnikova, the owner of the Simeiz boarding house “Panea”.

The artist was fascinated by the southern coast of Crimea, and according to him watercolor works we observe the geography of his routes. In addition to Siemens, Foros, Alupka there was Yalta and, of course, Gurzuf, which Alexander Green called “Envy of the Gods”.
Surikov’s canvases are destined for eternal life. Little is known about the Crimean period of the artist’s life. His paintings will tell the unsaid.

Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin. (1861-1939).
Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin was born on November 23, 1861 (old style) into a wealthy merchant family. At the age of fourteen he entered the architectural department of the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where his older brother Sergei, later a famous realist artist, was already studying painting. By this time their family was broke. “I was in great need,” recalled Konstantin Korovin about his years of study, “for fifteen years I had been giving drawing lessons and earning my bread.”
After two years of study, having presented the landscapes painted during the holidays, Korovin moved to the painting department. His teacher was Savrasov, who paid great attention to sketches from nature and taught his students to see the beauty of Russian nature.

Konstantin Korovin. . Sevastopol in the evening. . 1915

Konstantin Korovin loved Crimea, and in Crimea most of all Gurzuf, where he built in one of the rare periods for him financial well-being dacha according to my own design.
A student of Savrasov and Polenov, a “virtuoso decorator,” as Diaghilev called him, and an artist at the Imperial Theaters, who created stunning sets for famous ballet and opera productions, a connoisseur of northern nature, over time Korovin turns color into the main means of expression. Korovin finds harmony of beauty in the colors of France, Spain and Crimea, which captivated the artist. He captivated him so much that Korovin built a dacha in Gurzuf, which turned into a workshop. From 1914 to 1917 Korovin lived at his dacha permanently. His guests here were Chaliapin, Gorky, Surikov, Repin, Kuprin. In his memories of the dacha, the artist especially highlights roses and the sea, the blue Black Sea.

Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov. (1844-1927).
Vasily Dmitrievich Polenov was born in 1844 on June 1 into a noble large family of nobles who lived in the capital in St. Petersburg. This is a Russian artist, a master of historical, landscape and genre painting, teacher.
In 1882, Polenov headed the landscape and still life classes at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. The students doted on him. “His paintings,” recalled A. Golovin, “delighted us with their colorfulness, the abundance of sun and air in them. It was a real revelation." Polenov devoted twelve years of his life to educating young artists. Among his students who later became famous, we note K. Korovin (Polenov treated him most tenderly), I. Levitan, M. Nesterov, A. Golovin, I. Ostroukhov, A. Arkhipov, S. Malyutin.

Polenov Vasily Dmitrievich, "In Crimea". 1887

In September 1887, V.D. Polenov wrote to his wife from Yalta: “The more I walk around the outskirts of Yalta, the more I appreciate Levitan’s sketches. Neither Aivazovsky, nor Lagorio, nor Shishkin, nor Myasoedov gave such truthful and characteristic images of Crimea as Levitan.”
V.D. Polenov was called the “Knight of Beauty.” contemporaries. This definition perfectly expresses the essence and purpose of his aspirations, all his activities, which left a noticeable mark on history. Russian art on turn of the 19th century and XX centuries.
The works of V. D. Polenov are stored in all major museums in Russia; The Moscow Tretyakov Gallery and the St. Petersburg Russian Museum, proud of several dozen works by the artist, look most preferable against this background (as one would expect).

Isaac Ilyich Levitan. (1860-1900)
Isaac Ilyich Levitan was born on August 30, 1860 in the small Lithuanian town of Kibarty, Kovno province.
His father was a small clerk, his family was large and did not live richly. The future artist’s childhood was so difficult that he subsequently tried never to remember it. At the age of twelve, Levitan entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. From the first years of study, the young man attracted the attention of the school teachers, among whom were famous Russian artists Savrasov and Polenov, with his exceptional talent.
In 1879, Levitan was expelled from Moscow: according to a new decree, Jews were prohibited from living in the capital. For some time he and his relatives lived in a dacha in Saltykovka. At the same time, the artist continues to work hard and travel to Moscow every day. Soon on young talent draws attention to P.M. Tretyakov. He purchases the painting “Autumn Day. Sokolniki".

The poor artist's first trip to the south was made possible thanks to the fee received for creating theatrical scenery. In the spring of 1886, Levitan went to Crimea to rest and improve his precarious health: he had a weak heart. He visited Yalta, Massandra, Alupka, Simeiz, Bakhchisarai. The sultry Crimean nature amazed Levitan, he enthusiastically wrote to his friend Anton Chekhov from Yalta: “It’s so good here! Imagine now bright greenery, blue sky, and what a sky! Last night I climbed a rock and looked out over the sea from the top, and you know what, I cried, and cried my heart out; This is where eternal beauty is and this is where a person feels his utter insignificance! What do the words mean? You have to see it for yourself to understand!”

Levitan Isaac Ilyich - Seashore (Crimea). . 1886

With his work, the artist had a huge influence not only on Russian, but also european art XX century. Having practically become the founder of the mood landscape genre, the master enriched national culture, and his spiritual authority played a huge role in the fate of Russian landscape painting.

Vasnetsov Apollinariy Mikhailovich. (1856 - 1933)
Apollinary Mikhailovich Vasnetsov - landscape painter, theater artist.
Born in the village of Ryabovo, Vyatka province, in the family of a priest. He studied painting with V.M. Vasnetsov, his older brother.
The younger brother of the famous Viktor Vasnetsov, much less famous, Apollinary Vasnetsov was by no means his timid shadow, but had a completely original talent. He did not receive a systematic art education. His school was direct communication and joint work with major Russian artists: his brother, I. E. Repin, V. D. Polenov and others. Young artist I am primarily interested in the landscape. His early works (1880s) are not free from the influences of his older contemporaries.

Vasnetsov Apollinariy Mikhailovich Crimea. Baydar Gate. 1890

In the 1870s, imitating the populists, he became a rural teacher. From 1880 to 1887 he lived in St. Petersburg, worked in the magazines “Picturesque Review”, “World Illustration”, was a member of the “Association of Peredvizhniki” and one of the organizers of the “Union of Russian Artists” (1903). Vasnetsov traveled a lot; an important place in his art is occupied by landscapes of the Urals and Siberia, made in the style of northern modernism (“Taiga in the Urals. Blue Mountain”, 1891; “Kama”, 1895). At the beginning of 1900 he was already a famous artist.

Vasnetsov Apollinariy Mikhailovich Crimean view. 1893

In 1885-1886, Apollinarius Mikhailovich undertook a trip around Russia. He visited Ukraine and Crimea. The artist attached to his trips great importance. In his autobiography we read: “I was raised as a landscape artist by my travels and journeys in my homeland and abroad.”

Vasnetsov’s family keeps “a map of Russia, on which about a hundred points were marked by the artist himself in red pencil - the Urals, Siberia, Crimea, the Caucasus, Ukraine, the coast of the Gulf of Finland, etc., where he wrote sketches and painted.
In the 1890s and 1924, Vasnetsov visited Crimea, where he wrote several interesting works.

From 1901 to 1918, A.M. Vasnetsov taught at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, and led the landscape painting class after the death of I.I. Levitan.
An important place in his art was occupied by motifs of the virgin nature of the Urals and Siberia, images of ancient mountains, gloomy forests and deep rivers - epic images, adjacent to the art of northern modernism ("Taiga in the Urals. Blue Mountain", 1891; "Kama", 1895; "Northern Region. Siberian River", 1899).
He went down in history primarily for his historical and architectural paintings.

Serov Valentin Alexandrovich. (1865-1911)
Born into the family of a composer and pianist. Portraitist. Studied with I.E. Repin, then entered the Academy of Arts. Visited Germany, Holland, Italy, where he studied European painting. He was a member of the Association of Peredvizhniki, but after its split he joined the World of Art association. Council Member Tretyakov Gallery. He taught at MUZHVZ.

Serov Valentin Aleksandrovich Iphigenia in Taurida 1893,

In 1880, Ilya Repin undertook a trip to Crimea in order to collect material for the monumental canvas “Cossacks”. The aspiring artist Valentin Serov also went on a trip with the master. The paintings, studies, and sketches of the sixteen-year-old youth were not yet fully formed, but already here he shows himself to be a mature and gifted draftsman.
The year 1887 glorified Serov. He painted the famous “Girl with Peaches” (portrait of young Vera Savvishna Mamontova).
In 1904, Valentin Alexandrovich visited Italy, three years later he went to Greece. Serov's works were recognized as the best at the Rome Exhibition of 1911 and demonstrated to the whole world the skill of a pan-European scale that Serov possessed.

Shadrin Alexander Petrovich.
Shadrin Alexander Petrovich was born on April 19, 1942 in the village of Karaidel, Bashkortostan, Russia.
At the end high school in Krasnoyarsk he studied at the art school named after. V. Surikov, where he received his first serious skills in drawing and painting.
Service in the navy in 1961-1965 brought him to Sevastopol, with which the artist linked his future destiny.
In 1970, he graduated from the Oryol Pedagogical Institute, art and graphic department, headed by People's Artist of the Russian Federation, Professor A.I. Kurnakov.
He devoted many years to restoration work. subject plan panoramas "Defense of Sevastopol 1854-55", where he worked under the guidance oldest artist V.I.Grandi-Gaditsky, who instilled a love for working from nature, its study in the spirit of the artists of Russian impressionism. Working en plein air with People's Artist Ukraine P.K. Stolyarenko and Honored Artists of Ukraine A.E. Vigilantly, developed and enriched his artistic palette.
Participant in many regional, republican and international exhibitions. The artist's paintings are stored in seven art museums Ukraine and Russia, as well as in private collections in Germany, USA, England, France, Italy, etc.
Member of the National Union of Artists of Ukraine since 1992.
Honored Artist of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea since 2003.

Shadrin A P Alupkinsky Park

Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi.
The surprise is caused by such a detail that the exact date of Kuindzhi’s birth has not been established. The biography begins with hesitation - either 1841 or 1842. It's not important, but it's strange. In the same unusual way, the translation of his surname, which meant goldsmith, will be reflected in all his activities as a painter. Arkhip was orphaned early. He was raised by poor relatives. Studying without diligence, he continuously drew on every scrap of paper that came to hand. ......

Ai-Petri.
Russian painter Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi is a romantic among realist artists. He perfectly conveyed the color of the picture, unusual moments of lighting, creating the effect of glowing colors. Contemporaries did not understand this attitude towards painting, and he was often reproached for the unjustified extravaganza of bright colors.

Later, Arkhip Kuindzhi served with the Italian grain merchant Amoretti. His position was called “room boy,” that is, servant. The drawing lasted. One of the host’s guests advised Arkhip Kuindzhi to go to Feodosia, to see the famous artist I. Aivazovsky, and even gave him a letter of recommendation. In 1855, at the height of the Crimean War, Arkhip Kuindzhi went on foot to Crimea. Aivazovsky was not in Feodosia at that time, so the young artist Adolf Fesler, a student of the marine painter, helped Kuindzhi get a job

Kuindzhi was very fond of the amazing nature of Crimea, and often depicted it in his paintings and sketches.

“Cypress trees on the seashore. Crimea".
1887.

Chernetsov Nikanor Grigorievich.
Artist Chernetsov Nikanor Grigorievich - academician of landscape painting, born in 1804, died on January 11, 1879, brother of Grigory Grigorievich Chernetsov; I was inferior to him in abilities and prevailed mainly through diligence and perseverance. He was born in the city of Lukha, Kostroma province; The Society for the Encouragement of Artists educated him at its own expense at the Academy of Arts, where he studied in the class of M. Vorobyov. In 1827 he was awarded a silver medal of the 1st dignity for landscape painting; in the same year, for the view of the gallery in the Imperial Hermitage, he received a second gold medal and the title of artist of the XIV class.

The south coast of Crimea. View of Livadia from above, 1873, oil on canvas, 45.5 x 97 cm, State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

View at the foot of Ayu-Dag, 1836, oil on canvas, 87 x 127 cm, State Russian Museum, St. Petersburg.

Traveled around the Caucasus (1829 - 1831) and Crimea (1833 - 1836). The Crimean series of sketches and watercolors by N. Chernetsov is the first in Russian art in terms of number and diversity. From 1837 he worked with his brother on a panorama of the banks of the Volga, combining classical panoramic constructions with documentary accuracy of details. The Chernetsov brothers made a great contribution to the development of Russian landscape, primarily with national themes.

Tatar courtyard in Crimea, 1839, oil on canvas, 47 x 71.5 cm, Saratov sovereign

Changed: Nadezda reason: Adding news.

Famous artists in Crimea

From the second half of the 19th century century, Crimea is turning into a place of attraction for people of art. Most searched here inspiration- landscapes of the new jewel in the crown Russian Empire it was impossible not to admire. It was possible to receive treatment on the peninsula. We must also not forget that I was going here color St. Petersburg society , and it was possible to maintain the necessary connections. Let's start the story about artists in Crimea with names that we are not accustomed to associate with Taurida.

Konstantin Alekseevich Korovin

A student of Savrasov and Polenov, a “virtuoso decorator,” as Diaghilev called him, and an artist at the Imperial Theaters, who created stunning sets for famous ballet and opera productions, an expert on northern nature, over time Korovin turns color into the main means of expression. Korovin finds harmony of beauty in the colors of France, Spain and Crimea, which captivated the artist. He captivated him so much that Korovin decides to build a dacha in Gurzuf, which turned into a workshop. From 1914 to 1917 Korovin lived at his dacha permanently. His guests here were Chaliapin, Gorky, Surikov, Repin, Kuprin. In his memories of the dacha, the artist especially highlights roses and the sea, the blue Black Sea.

Fruit basket, Gurzuf, 1916

In the garden. Gurzuf, 1914

Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi

Born in the town of Karasevka (now one of the districts of Mariupol), the artist was connected with Crimea all his life. He came to Crimea as a boy in the hope of becoming a student of the great I.K. Aivazovsky, but they “entrusted” the future genius only with painting the fence. 30 years later, having already become famous, he buys a large plot near the village of Kikeneiz (now it is Opolznevoe, just above Ponizovka in the territory of Greater Yalta). Having spent an impressive amount of 30 thousand rubles on the purchase, at first Kuindzhi and his wife lived in a hut. Arkhip Ivanovich avoided society; it was a period of seclusion.

This period ended in 1901, when Kuindzhi decided to show his friends several new works. Art critics note that in the artist’s canvases created in Crimea, the air acquired “color.”

Seashore, Crimea

Isaac Ilyich Levitan

Pictures of Crimean nature did not become the main theme in the work of the singer of Russian nature - famous artist Levitan. He visited the peninsula in 1886 to improve his failing health, and brought from this trip almost fifty landscapes: pencil sketches, oil and watercolor studies. But ahead of the great painter, who graduated from college without an artist’s diploma (according to Levitan’s diploma, he was only listed as a teacher of calligraphy), there was a meeting with the Volga and the main paintings in his life.

Who knows, if fate had turned out differently and Levitan had been given a few more years of life, maybe today we would admire the Crimean creations of the Master? After all, the Crimea and the revealed “eternal beauty” shocked Levitan, as he admitted in a letter to Chekhov. But those paintings that we know are very interesting.

Ai-Petri, 1886

Another group consists of artists whose lives are inextricably linked with Crimea. First of all, these are Bogaevsky and Aivazovsky.

Konstantin Fedorovich Bogaevsky

A Crimean, a native of Feodosia, whose first works were favorably received by Aivazovsky himself, Konstantin Bogaevsky later became a student of Kuindzhi. Bogaevsky lived in Crimea, understood Crimean nature and dedicated his work to it. The paintings of Konstantin Fedorovich themselves are landscapes and the history of the peninsula.

Evening by the sea, 1941

Ivan Constantinovich Aivazovski

The story about artists in Crimea cannot be completed without mentioning the most famous Crimean painter Ivan Aivazovsky. A native of Feodosia, Aivazovsky’s first drawing teacher was the German Johann Gross, who gave young talent recommendation for admission to the Academy of Arts. For the painting “Calm”, Aivazovsky received a grant for a two-year trip to the Crimea and Europe, almost died in the Bay of Biscay, and returned safely to Russia in 1844. The artist was recognized and treated kindly by the authorities - he was granted nobility, appointed painter of the Main Naval Staff (Aivazovsky would rise to the title rear admiral). A year later, Ivan Konstantinovich moved to Feodosia, where he became one of the founders of the Cimmerian school of painting. Aivazovsky opens his own art school, allocates funds for improvement hometown, protection of monuments of Crimea and for archaeological excavations, with his own funds he is building a Museum of Antiquities in Feodosia. But first of all, Aivazovsky is known throughout the world as a marine painter. He painted some of his paintings after a trip to besieged Sevastopol during the Crimean War.

Crimean artists

Features of Crimea

Crimea was the last to become part of Soviet Ukraine. The Crimean peninsula is unique. It is distinguished by its special nature and population composition. Under the USSR and now, Crimea is an all-Union health resort. Living on the Crimean Peninsula, especially on the southern coast of Crimea, was the ultimate dream of a Soviet person.

The influence of Crimea on artists

It is not surprising that many artists lived and worked in Crimea. After all, the very nature of the Crimean peninsula contributes to the awakening creativity. Sea surf, Crimean mountains, the brush itself asks to be picked up to capture a majestic sea sunset or sunrise in the snow-capped mountains.

Famous artists of Crimea and themes of their works

The most famous artist who glorified art school Crimea to the whole world, is Aivazovsky I.K. - a famous Russian marine painter. This theme can be traced in the works of many masters of the Crimean peninsula, which is not surprising, given the proximity of the sea. The work of Crimean brush artists was significantly influenced by the Great Patriotic War, which left indelible scars on the surface of the peninsula and in the hearts of its inhabitants. Every stone, every mountain in Crimea was the object of a fierce battle. Many Crimean masters were eyewitnesses or even participants in those events. And of course the generous nature of Crimea. Relaxation, beaches, children frolicking on the seashore - these are all the subjects of Crimean masters. If you like works filled with sun and summer warmth, choose paintings by Crimean masters. They are right for you.