How to draw a folk costume. Russian folk pattern. How to draw a Russian pattern
Goals:
- Introduce the history and traditions of Russian folk holidays.
- Cultivate respect, develop interest in folk art.
- Reinforce the concept of “ornament” and its types.
- Improve your visual skills and the ability to work with gouache.
Visibility: images of Russian folk costumes, ornaments, panels depicting a village square, audio recording “Ringing of Bells”, templates of human figures, proverbs on the board:
- You can't feed a chicken, and you can't dress up a girl.
- The woman's shirts are the same bags: tie the sleeves and put whatever you want.
- They praise the silk on a girl when the girl herself has a lot of sense.
I. Organizational moment.
II. Announcing the topic of the lesson
a) Conversation
Every nation has holidays. They reveal a person’s soul, his character. In Rus' they loved holidays. They greeted spring and said goodbye to winter; holidays celebrated the completion of field work, and sometimes simply the end of the working day. Holidays were always fun, filled with music, singing, games and dancing. Every evening people different ages they gathered in the evening at someone’s hut and sang and danced there. The song and dance repertoire was very rich and varied. All seasons, all calendar holidays had their own songs, games, dances, fun, and nursery rhymes. Often, catchphrases, jokes, and jokes were invented on the spot, improvised on the spot, especially ditties.
The holiday is not only songs and dances.
How else does this day differ from ordinary everyday life?/outfits/
The day before folk festivals heavy chests swung open. The more they were stuffed, the richer the owner of the house was considered. All festive clothing was necessarily decorated with elements of embroidery, beads, and sparkles, which, as a rule, was not present in everyday clothing. One could judge the taste and skill of the craftswoman by the clothes, because the peasant woman made her own outfit<рисунок 1>.
What a variety of holiday outfits!
What do they have in common? (patterns)
How can you call it differently? (ornament)
Any Russian costume in the old days was certainly decorated with ornaments and embroidery.
Let's remember what types of ornaments you know?
/plant and geometric/
Attention to the board. Before you are patterns (they can simply be depicted on the board with colored chalk.) Which of them will not be ornaments? Why? /in the ornament the elements are depicted in a certain order, rhythmically./
Game “Compose a melody for the ornament.”
b) STORY about Russian folk costumes.
Let's take a closer look at the outfits.
The basis of any Russian costume was the shirt<рисунок 1и 2>. Shirts with a fastener on the side were called kosovorotki. These were usually worn by men. Their outfit also included pants, which were tucked into boots or onuchi (a piece of fabric), and bast shoes were worn on top of the onuchi.
The shirt was wide and decorated along the hem, collar, and edge of the sleeves with embroidery. And always tied with a sash<рисунок 2>.
Belts performed many functions: they spoke about a person’s well-being, and were also a reward and a gift and were passed on by inheritance. Festive shirts were embroidered with colored silk threads. Preference was given to red color (as a talisman).
Particular importance was attached to the location of the drawing. For example:
- chest patterns - protected the heart and lungs,
- shoulder guards - protected the hands,
- floor-mounted - did not allow evil forces to penetrate from below.
In the central and northern regions of Russia, women wore a sundress for the holidays<рисунок 3>.
Smooth lines the sundress seemed to flow, making the woman look like a swan. It’s not for nothing that in songs and fairy tales they are called swans.
The festive outfit also included the so-called soul warmers - epanechki or koroten - short blouses with straps, similar to sundresses<рисунок 4>.
And in the southern regions of Russia, fashionistas wore a pony complex<рисунок 5>.
Poneva - skirt. She always dressed over a shirt, then an apron, and then a top.
The apron was generously decorated with embroidery<рисунок 6>.
Red color predominated. This is the color of fire, the sun, magical, beautiful, a symbol of salvation and a sign of a barrier for evil forces. This color was supposed to scare away demons and spirits in human form, and to preserve and protect the owner from various misfortunes.
A navershnik is an outer garment worn in the fall or spring. The top was not belted<рисунок 7>.
And finally, hats.
They were clearly divided into dresses for girls and for married women:
Kokoshniks, ribbons, wreaths /girls/.
Koruna, magpie, kitschka /female/.
In the names of the headdresses one can hear a relationship with a bird: kokoshnik, kichka, magpie. And this is no coincidence. Remember the fairy tales: the swan, the swan is white, like a peahen.
c) Working with proverbs.
III. Practical work – creation of a collective panel on the theme “Holiday in the Village.”
Students are given figurines depicting people and need to make them festive clothes.
Differentiated task:
1st group: Colorize ready-made figures, already “dressed” - a task for slow children and those who have difficulty drawing images on their own. Create your own ornament.
Group 2: “Dress” paper figurine, i.e. come up with and draw a festive outfit yourself.
Group 3 (children who draw well): Depict figure of a man in a festive costume.
The main condition is the presence of an ornament in clothes.
Finished works are glued onto a pre-prepared panel depicting a rural square with a cathedral and peasant houses. /Audio recording “Ringing of bells” - people gather in the cathedral square./
IV. Bottom line.
Everything in life changes, but the holiday remains. And although he can cope in different ways, the main thing remains - joy, special excitement, fun, elegant clothes, gifts, songs and dances, which are now sometimes mysterious to us. However, these traditions constitute extraordinaryness and peculiarity. You need to remember and know about them.
Do you remember?
We'll check this now.
Children are given arrow cards with words and names of Russian folk clothing:
- shirt - epanechka - kokoshnik - sash - short - koruna - braided shirt - poneva - forty - onuchi - apron - kitschka. - sundress - topper
It is necessary to connect the arrow cards with the items of clothing in the pictures so that they match the names.
V. Evaluation of work.
Russian folk costume filled with small drawings and many details, which is why its image will require scrupulousness and diligence from you.
I offer several options for similar drawings that can be printed in daytime attach it to the window and put it on top blank slate paper and just draw the image.
Let's start the drawing with the head of a Russian beauty and the Russian national headdress - kokoshnik.
next step sketch of styled hair and earrings
draw eyes and lips in a modest smile
let's move on to drawing the kokoshnik
now let's move on to the national sundress
clearly drawing the shirt and sundress straps
finishing the sleeves of the shirt
and a handkerchief in hand
draw small details of the sundress and kokoshnik
decorate the beauty
In order to draw a woman in Russian folk costume, you first need to draw the silhouette of a woman. And then draw a Russian folk costume on it. To do this, you need to know what Russian folk costume looks like.
First of all, the costume consists of a sundress, a slasher and a kokoshnik headdress.
Ideas can be found here:
The woman was lucky in those ancient times, because Russian folk costume was distinguished by a certain festiveness, which is worth only the kokoshniks crowned with various embroideries and precious stones shimmering in the light.
To draw a suit, or more precisely if it is a long dress or a traditional Russian sundress for a woman, you can watch a visual master class on how to draw it here.
It will also be useful to look at for drawing:
How to draw a woman with a pencil step by step?
A Russian woman can be drawn with a pencil step by step in the following sequence:
First, let's draw the silhouette of the future long robe, draw the lines like this:
Then the second stage is drawing the details:
The third stage is coloring the costume:
It is really very difficult to draw a national Russian costume, and even more so a female one. It's much easier with men's. But there are a lot of sketches and answers above, and I will give a video that clearly shows how to draw this costume step by step.
Women's Russian national costume looks much richer and brighter than men's.
A woman's folk costume can be drawn by anyone who has ever seen it and remembered the variety of embroideries on a long shirt.
The easiest way to draw a female Russian folk costume is by looking at a drawing example, as we see below:
The most complex thing in this drawing is the woman’s face and the small drawings on the national Russian costume.
We sketch the main parts of the costume.
Then you need to draw the shapes.
In the preparatory group, as part of drawing classes, preschoolers are offered such an interesting, albeit complex topic as the image of a doll in national costume. In addition to developing artistic skills, such work has great educational and educational value- introduces children to the culture and way of life of the Russian people and thereby awakens patriotic feelings in them.
Aspects of drawing on the topic “Doll in Russian folk costume” in the senior group of preschool educational institutions
Preschoolers try to depict anthropomorphic objects from an early age. At first, these are primitive works according to the principle “Stick, stick, cucumber, here comes the little man!” However, for development to go further, systematic work by the teacher in this direction is necessary. Learning the art of drawing a portrait is inextricably linked with the development of perception and imagination. The teacher must find techniques that will awaken children's interest in the image of a person.
Of course, preschoolers are frightened by the task of drawing a person because they are afraid that they will not succeed. The teacher's task is to overcome this fear and replace it with a pleasant creative process. It is ideal to start the image not with a human figure, but with something similar to it. So, in the middle level, the guys are happy to draw a matryoshka doll and a snowman. They know well what parts these objects are made of and learn to depict a face. Next, we suggest drawing the Snow Maiden in a wide fur coat and with her hands.
IN senior group There is a detailed acquaintance with the portrait, children learn the proportions of the face, ways of conveying the character and mood of a person. They draw themselves, parents, friends, fairy-tale characters.
In the preparatory group, children improve their ability to depict anthropomorphic creatures from life and from memory. Children 6–7 years old are already good at noticing characteristic features objects and items and transfer them to artistic images. At this age, during a drawing lesson, preschoolers are offered such a complex, but interesting topic, like “Doll in national costume.” As a rule, this is drawing from life or based on illustrations. Note that the guys are not portraying a person, but a doll. This makes the work a little easier, since the proportions of the body and face structure here will not be so strict: for example, the head can be large, as well as the eyes, mouth, and palms.
When conducting this lesson The teacher should focus on examining the doll in appropriate clothing. The shape of the sundress (if it is a Russian national costume), shirt, headdress, and shoes is discussed in detail. The teacher also focuses on the location of the arms, legs, and head shape. The doll's head in the picture can be oval or round shape. To depict a face, children must visually (or with a simple pencil) divide it into three parts: forehead, eyes and nose, lips and chin. The teacher can remind the children how eyes are drawn (draw them on the board), remind them that the nose can only be indicated by its tip (nostrils or a short line).
Sometimes children are offered schematic drawing dolls: using a circle (head) and several lines (body parts). This diagram is then outlined with missing elements, including clothing. Another option is to draw with ovals or arcs.
Step-by-step image
In the preparatory group, it is especially important to give children the opportunity to show creative initiative, creative imagination, encourage independent choice color scheme drawings. So, for example, the guys independently choose the color and pattern of the Russian beauty’s sundress, as well as her kokoshnik. Note that in at this age preschoolers already know a lot of shades, such as lemon, sand, light green, etc.
An important point of the lesson in the preparatory group is the analysis finished works. By looking at their drawings, children learn to see them strengths and disadvantages. Together with the teacher, the children discuss what can be done better than adding to the composition.
Materials used and base
In the preparatory group, the range of materials with which children can work in the process is expanding. visual arts. Their combination in one drawing helps to create an expressive image. Since the image of a doll in a national costume requires detailed drawing, it is advisable to additionally use felt-tip pens or colored pencils when working primarily with paints (watercolor or gouache) or colored pencils. gel pens. Using these tools, you can outline facial features or intricate patterns on a sundress and kokoshnik.
An image object such as a doll requires a preliminary sketch in pencil. This is especially true when working with paints. As for the eraser, which is sometimes offered to preschoolers in the preparatory group, it is better not to give it, since children often use it irrationally and spoil the drawing.
As a basis for drawing a doll in a national costume, the teacher offers the children sheets of paper standard size. When painting with paints, they are pre-tinted in pastel colors. By working with colored pencils, children can complete the composition with a suitable background.
Techniques and drawing techniques that should be used when drawing a doll in a national costume in the preparatory group
In the preparatory group, imaging techniques are further improved. Hand movements become more free and accurate, smooth and rhythmic.
A simple pencil sketch is made with fairly quick hand movements, using a light, unbroken line (to make it easy to correct inaccuracies). By the way, it will be useful if the child completes several test sketches on the rough draft.
When drawing with a pencil, children practice smoothly turning their hand - this is necessary to depict rounded lines. Preschoolers learn to draw long lines without breaking them, and also to depict large forms. Small details (facial features, patterns on a sundress) are drawn using short lines and strokes.
They are improving in the same way different ways working with a brush (all bristles and tip) when painting with gouache or watercolor. Preschoolers develop technical skills - they learn to mix paints to create interesting shades.
Additional types of visual activities used when drawing a doll in a national costume in the preparatory group, the relevance of an individual approach
In the preparatory group, the developmental characteristics of children are already clearly visible; some preschoolers have clearly expressed abilities and interest in visual arts. Such children, without a doubt, need to be encouraged, to further stimulate their desire for artistic creativity. One way is to invite them to diversify the composition with additional applicative or plasticine elements.
For example, a sundress or kokoshnik of a Russian beauty can be decorated with plasticine elements (thin ornate flagella or small balls) or shiny sequins can be glued on.
Drawing can be combined with appliqué, especially if we're talking about about the collective composition: the drawn figures of the young ladies are painted, cut out, supplemented with applique details and pasted onto the general background.
Drawing with applique elements
Specific options for compositions within the framework of the theme “Doll in national costume” in the preparatory group
Drawing on the topic is traditionally offered to students preparatory group at the very beginning academic year(September). This theme can be interpreted somewhat: children can portray beauties from Russian folk tales, for example, Alyonushka, Vasilisa, Maryushka (they will also be dressed in Russian folk costume).
If the children live in an area where there are their own characteristics of the national costume, then they can be reflected in the drawing, for example, “Chuvash costume”, “Mordovian outfit”.
By the way, shortly before the “Doll in a National Costume” lesson, the children can separately depict national headdresses or color the proposed templates: this way they will practice making patterns and mixing colors. In the same way, you can practice drawing Russian folk shoes - bast shoes.
An interesting idea is to invite the children, after drawing a Russian national costume, to depict the traditional outfit of another country (for example, Ukraine, China, India, etc.). Note that such an activity requires a detailed educational conversation. When portraying dolls of different nationalities, children should use such means of expression as conveying skin and hair color and eye shape. The teacher must show preschoolers a doll in an appropriate costume or an image of it.
If desired, the theme “Doll in national costume” can be designed as collective composition, for example, “Round Dance”. Children draw young ladies in Russian folk costume, then cut them out and glue them onto the base (the teacher thinks out a suitable background in advance (a meadow with green grass, flowers, etc.). As a simplified version, the children can be given templates that they must color.
Possible options for a motivating start to a lesson: looking at pictures, talking about issues, a fairy tale, poems, etc.
Even in the preparatory group, the leading type of children's activity remains play. And the teacher should not forget about this when constructing a lesson. Game motivation plays a very important role.
For example, the teacher tells the children that dolls have come to visit them, but they are dressed somehow strangely. It turns out that they came from the past. After all, this is exactly how people dressed who lived in Rus' a long time ago. Our grandmothers wore floor-length sundresses, and our grandfathers wore a shirt-shirt with a belt. The motivation for the children will be the request of the dolls to photograph them, because in the distant past there were no cameras.
Dolls in male and female Russian national costume
Doll in Russian folk costume
Another option is that the dolls (for example, Arina and Danila) are going to go to the fair and want to dress up better. After all, at fairs people had fun and danced. Children will draw them in beautiful clothes, the emphasis is placed on its decoration (sleeve, hem of a sundress, collar of a men's shirt).
Preschoolers can come to visit - it could be Alyonushka, Vasilisa the Beautiful or Maryushka (doll or picture). The teacher emphasizes how slender, graceful, rosy-cheeked she is, with a long brown braid. The teacher informs the children that such beauties used to be called “swan”, “peahen”, “birch tree”, “berry” (replenishment is underway vocabulary preschoolers). The heroine tells the children sad story: Baba Yaga or evil witch stole and burned her most beautiful sundress. Children always respond vividly to someone else's misfortune and strive to help - they will happily draw the beauty a new outfit even more beautiful than the previous one.
Heroine of a Russian folk tale
Heroine of a Russian folk tale
You can start your drawing lesson with an informative conversation about Russian national clothing. Children will be interested to know that embroidery and the patterns with which it was decorated had a special meaning in the old days. People believed that embroidery not only decorated, but also protected from evil forces - it was a talisman. These were wavy lines, circles, crosses. The craftswomen also embroidered trees, birds, and animals. The motivation after such a story would be to invite the children to draw their favorite doll in an outfit that will protect it from all evil.
Traditional clothing pattern element Traditional clothing pattern element Traditional clothing pattern element Traditional Russian embroidery
In addition, the children can be told that the color red in the Russian national costume was present in a huge variety of shades. And in combination with green, red seemed even more juicy and festive. The color red symbolized fire, and fire can bring both joy (warmth) and sorrow (fire). It is also the color of love.
Illustration that can be used in class
Original Russian shoes of peasants
If children draw a national costume not of Russia, but of some other country, then it is necessary to show them the corresponding pictures, and also better doll in such clothes.
Doll in national costume
Thematic pictures Poster Paper toys Dolls
The motivation for drawing an elegant doll, of course, can be gleaned from fiction. A grandmother-storyteller (a teacher in disguise) can come to visit the children and tell them a fairy tale about the merchant Sadko. He had three beautiful daughters. When Sadko gathered in distant countries for goods, his daughters ordered him to bring a golden crown, a beautiful shirt and a sundress embroidered with patterns and ribbons. In an overseas country, a merchant searched for these gifts for a long time, finally found and bought them. But when the daughters saw the new clothes, they began to envy each other: each wanted to have a sundress, a shirt, and a crown. And so he asked the storyteller to turn to the children - let them help him and draw beautiful outfits for his daughters.
We also recommend modern fairy tale Larisa Sergeeva According to the plot of the work, at one end of the village there lived Sarafan the gentleman, and at the other - the simpleton Shirt. The sundress was tired of lying in the chest, waiting for the owner to take it out and put it on, and decided to go visit the Shirt. She was very happy about her guest and put on the samovar. They sat down to drink tea, and Sarafan asked Shirt why she was so kind and pretty. She replied that the owner puts it on his body and warms it with his soul. The shirt, in turn, protects a person from evil spirits with the help of a collar (this is a collar and cuffs). And to prevent the cold from getting inside, a belt helps. The sundress thought and thought and became friends with the shirt - and now they always walk together.
After reading this short fairy tale, children will be even more interested in depicting native Russian clothing.
Illustration for a fairy tale
You can also start the lesson with a poem. For example, the following lines are interesting:
Prigotskaya Svetlana
Turn around, golden-winged sundress,
At full speed, at full speed, at full speed.
And in the harsh years of Russia
The women spun the harsh thread.
Here in such a homespun outfit
A mother with many children was going to church.
The sundress is the latitude that is needed -
You can cover a field with canvas!
Oh, you, dear, curly, desirable,
Play the harmonica more fun!
The maidens sailed in colored sundresses
Among rainbows, meadows and fields.
Everyone is rosy, like nesting dolls,
The round dances continued endlessly...
Not only the accordion rejoiced -
Choose a young man you like!
And what ditties they sang!
And handkerchiefs flew out of their hands!
Our grandmother has become old,
She put her sundress in a chest.
My mother tried on a sundress,
She said: oh, I wish I could dance!
The village is overgrown with weeds,
And the accordion has not been heard for a long time.
You won't hear funny ditty,
Young people are now in the cities...
In the village the old lady will tell
About the old round dance years!http://chto-takoe-lyubov.net/stikhi-o-lyubvi/kollektsii-stikhov/11499-stixi-pro-sarafan
L.A. Kruglova
Dolls, young ladies, nesting dolls
Everyone lives next to us.
Surprise, delight
And they don’t give me peace.
We sew outfits for all the dolls
Studying antiquity.
Let's find out from which edge
We are in a dream or in reality.
Together with the nomadic people
We set up a yurt and wait for guests.
We drink tea from a samovar
And the nomad drinks kumiss.
We're going to the house to rest,
And the nomad lay down in the kuizi
Well, try to take a look.
Different people live...
Everyone sings in their own way,
Wear different clothes
They believe in God as before...
http://nsportal.ru/detskiy-sad/okruzhayushchiy-mir/2012/10/18/kukly-v-natsionalnykh-kostyumakh
Ditties about bast shoes:
Oh, my bast shoes,
My little paws,
You dug the gardens
We came here to dance.”"Walk Matvey
Don't be sorry for your bast shoes.
You'll live until Saturday
You'll make new bast shoes.
Note that on the eve of drawing a doll in a folk costume, it is good to offer preschoolers didactic games on this topic. For example, during the game “Dress a doll in a national costume,” children remember the features of traditional clothing of different nations.
Didactic game“Dress the doll in the national costume” Didactic game “Dress the doll in the national costume” Didactic game “Dress the doll in the national costume” Didactic game “Dress the doll in the national costume” Didactic game “Dress the doll in the national costume” Didactic game “Dress the doll in the national costume” costume" Didactic game "Dress the doll in a national costume"
Since physical training or finger exercises are mandatory before productive activities, we present the following wonderful option:
| We are tailors, craftswomen | alternate stroking of hands from bottom to top |
| We'll sew you a suit now | run your hands over your body from top to bottom and sit down |
| We will not be afraid of difficulties | turning the head to the sides while sitting |
| Let's dress up, decorate at once! | jump up, show thumbs up |
| To begin with, we will measure | arms forward - to the sides |
| How much fabric do we need - Let's open it up and check it again, - It won't be enough for you. |
bends to the sides, hands on the waist |
| Cut the fabric straight | hands forward scissors |
| - And we’ll sew everything around the edges, | imitate movements with a needle |
| Now let’s decorate it colorfully | arms to the sides, fingers apart |
| Feathers, beads, ribbons there. | clapping on the right, left, above the head |
| Now you can definitely - Dress up - and go to the ball! |
hands on the belt, turn around |
| Let's admire - everything is solid - And beautifully made for you. |
hands on the belt, alternately placing the legs on the heel |
Class notes
| Author's full name | Title of the abstract |
| Klyuy A. |
"Doll in national costume" Educational objectives: introduce children to Russian folk costume, as well as costumes from other countries; consolidate the ability to depict a human figure. Developmental tasks: consolidate the ability to draw with watercolors, first marking the outline with a simple pencil. Educational tasks: to cultivate interest in the national clothes of Russia and other countries. Integration educational areas : « Artistic creativity", "Cognition", "Communication", "Socialization", "Health". Demo material: paper dolls in national costumes, a doll in a traditional Russian sundress and kokoshnik. Handout: sheets of white paper according to the number of children, watercolor paints, sippy cups, brushes, coasters, napkins. Progress of the lesson: At the beginning of the lesson, the teacher informs the children that they live in the most big country. But besides it, there are many other countries in the world. And each has its own culture, traditions and national clothes. The teacher demonstrates paper dolls in national costumes and talks about each of them. The doll Katya comes to visit the children, dressed in Russian folk costume - an elegant silk sundress, belted with a narrow belt, and a kokoshnik. The sundress is embroidered with patterns, and the kokoshnik is decorated with gold embroidery, pearls and beads. The doll's hair is braided and decorated with a ribbon. The teacher invites the children to draw a Katya doll in her beautiful outfit. |
| Yuzhakova O.N. |
“How the girl wore a red sundress”
The lesson begins with the teacher and the children viewing an exhibition dedicated to Russian folk costume. |
| Nikitina L. |
"Doll in Russian national costume"
At the beginning of the lesson, the teacher recites the lines of M. Shakhanov:
The song “I See Wonderful Freedom” plays. Conversation based on its content: what is the song about, what is our name? home country how big is it? The teacher asks the children who our ancestors are and from what sources we can learn about their lives. Children are invited to visit the museum - they are invited to the Fairy Tale Hall - they come to the stand with illustrations of Russian folk tales. The teacher pays attention to how the women in the pictures are dressed, where the clothes are casual and where they are festive.
From the magic chest the teacher takes out silhouettes of dolls in Russian costume. They have gathered for a holiday, and the children’s task is to decorate sundresses and kokoshniks using geometric patterns. |
| Bublik L. |
“Doll in national costume” (Chinese)
During the lesson, children get acquainted with the friendly country of China, learn about its geographical location (large area, washed by several seas), culture, consider women's national costume. A Chinese doll comes to visit the children and welcomes them to Chinese. Her name is Jiya, which means “beautiful” in Chinese. Preschoolers examine her national costume: trousers made of silk fabric, over which she wears long dress with a wrap and wide sleeves (also made of silk). The Chinese outfit is embroidered with colorful patterns: these are flowers and butterflies that have symbolic meaning.
Independent productive activity of children - to the accompaniment of Chinese music, they draw a Chinese doll in her national costume, come up with their own pattern for fabric. |
Examples of finished work by preparatory group students on the topic “Doll in a national costume” with comments on the completion of the work
The drawings “Russian Beauty”, “Russian Folk Costume”, “Ivan and Marya” (all of them done in watercolor) show us the national clothing of our Motherland. The work “Russian Beauty” is permeated positive mood: complemented by a bright and soft blue sky. We see a familiar Russian attribute - a slender birch tree in the foreground. The doll in the picture is depicted in a traditional bright red sundress, with her long blond braid fluttering.
In the section
There are different tasks. Sometimes you sit and think: How to draw a Russian folk costume? And what about the child?
Step-by-step instructions for fine art
Russian folk women's suit with a sundress. Step-by-step instructions How to draw a Russian folk costume yourself with a pencil.
Russian folk costume for girls - a shirt with a belt. Step-by-step instructions on how to draw a female Russian folk costume in pencil step by step. First we draw vertical line- this is our axis of symmetry, then we outline three horizontal lines - the lines of the shoulders, hips and waist. Depending on what kind of costume we are drawing: North Russian with the obligatory sundress or South Russian with an apron and poneva, the waist line is positioned differently. In the northern versions it is overestimated, in the southern ones it is in place. Then a skirt is drawn from the waist line, and future sleeves are drawn from the shoulder line. For simplicity, the sleeve line can be drawn parallel to the skirt line. We end the sleeve at hip level. Thus, we have a pseudo-layout ready, on the basis of which we will draw the costume.
1.Draw a Russian costume based on a sundress.
Girl Alyonushka in Russian folk costume. Breakdown into individual stages on how to draw a costume yourself.
Since ancient times in Rus', on every piece of utensil, on every piece of clothing, as well as on houses, various elements and symbols were depicted, which formed patterns. Each detail had its own meaning and place. This is how Russian was formed folk pattern.
Historical information about Russian folk patterns
It should be understood that there are two terms - pattern and ornament. And it was not the same thing from the beginning. Even now, not every pattern can be called an ornament. For example, if this is a constantly repeating pattern (rapport).
In Rus' it was believed that the pattern was much deeper, it meant more. The word ornament is borrowed from Latin, and it appeared much later and means decoration. In Rus' there was an analogue to it - “decorations”. It was believed that it was intended for decoration decorative stylization. However, later these two concepts became intertwined and began to complement each other.
Russian folk pattern is a collection of various lines, symbols, and other elements that can be repeated or be in a single version. Pictures may vary in different areas. So, in eastern regions in Rus', in the pattern you can find such an element as the “Indian cucumber”, which is still popular today.
Also, each locality had its own color scheme patterns and ornaments.
Signs and symbols in Russian pattern
If we consider the Russian folk pattern from the point of view of symbolism, then we can say that not a single element is depicted there just like that. Each has its own meaning and is in its place.
The most popular symbols in the pattern are:
- The star of Alatyr, or, as it is also called, the cross of Svarog. It has eight petals and symbolizes the Universe, its cycles of folding and unfolding.
- The symbol of Beregini (Rozhanitsa) is also very popular. This is a schematic representation of a woman who protects.
- Very a significant symbol is which is sometimes also called the World Tree. It combines the world axis, the universe and the race.
- Everyone knows: During the time of Hitler, the swastika became a symbol of war and fascism, but initially this was not at all the case.
- Also popular is the Orepei symbol, which is a comb diamond. This symbol brings happiness, balance and peace of mind.
- In addition, flowers, stars, spirals and other symbols are used in the pattern and ornament, each of which carries a specific meaning, enhancing the positive and protective energy of a person.
In addition to the above elements, there are many others. In addition, almost all patterns of the scheme are quite diverse. The same symbol can be depicted in different ways, maintaining, however, common features and lines. This is how whole protective phrases arise, as well as short stories or conspiracies.
The sacred meaning of the pattern
You should know that the same symbol, but depicted in different parts clothes, could have different meaning. For example, the Orepei sign, depicted in the elbow area on women's clothing, denoted an ancestor. If he was depicted on the hem, then he was the entrance to the other world.
The ancient gods who rode in chariots were also symbolically depicted. They were harnessed to various animals that personified a specific deity.
Some Russian patterns (photo below) carried a certain code in their numerical repetition. So, the following numbers were important:
- three (Absolute, Trinity, time, space);
- four (cardinal directions, seasons);
- seven (symbol of harmony);
- twelve.
Such patterns and ornaments also reveal the attitude towards Mother Nature of our ancestors. With their images, they seemed to ask her for protection and patronage from various evils, troubles and misfortunes.
Where are Russian folk patterns used?
The use of patterns is quite varied. They are used in towels, napkins, for painting utensils, houses, and for carving wood and metal. In the old days, not a single object was left without a design.
Russian patterns (photos of them are in our review) are not only the beauty of an object, but also protection, a talisman for its owner. It is known that even before the advent of writing, people already depicted on utensils various symbols(diamonds, lines, dots).
Differences in patterns in different regions
Each region of Russia has its own history of painting, embroidery, patterns and ornaments. Let's look at the Russian folk pattern (pictures of some will be presented below) for some types and areas:
- Gzhel painting - characterized by blue and white colors in the drawings that are made on ceramic and porcelain products;
- paintings, for which the village of Zhostovo is famous, on metal trays;
- very interesting Khokhloma painting various patterns, it is characterized by a golden color (there are also red, yellow and orange);
- in addition, in many regions they made their own special toys (Dymkovo, Kargopol, Stary Oskol), each of which had its own unique pattern in the painting;
- Pavlovo Posad shawls are also very famous, which are made in red and black colors, with floral patterns.
And these are not even all the known crafts where Russian folk patterns are used.
The most ancient patterns
The most ancient patterns include a set of various signs, which in ancient times had a special meaning and were simply not applied to any product. Each family had its own set of embroideries and paintings, which were passed down from generation to generation. They even have a special meaning for the family, being its own symbol. Of course, over time, knowledge was lost.
Ancient Russian patterns breathe mystery into us, the power of amulets, the meaning of every curl or sign.
Nowadays, many people collect similar images that make sense.
How to start drawing Russian folk patterns
Now people are increasingly turning to our ancestral heritage, wanting to revive lost traditions. For example, many people wonder how to draw a Russian pattern. Where to start?
First, you should understand that in Rus' there are many techniques of painting and embroidery, which have their own characteristics. For beginners, you need to take patterns that are not very complex, having a repeating pattern. This will make it easier to grasp its very essence.
Before drawing itself, you need to practice with its simple components: dots, lines, strokes, droplets, loops, etc. In fact, the most difficult pattern consists of the above details. Of these simple shapes After some time of training, you will be able to create more complex ones.
In order to understand how to draw a Russian pattern, you should not rush. Some forms may indeed seem complex, but you need to remember that they are all simple. First, lay out the repeating pattern into details; start depicting it with the easiest and most basic ones, for example, a point. Gradually draw other shapes around it, and so at the very end you can get your finished pattern. Take a look at the photo below, which shows all the stages of drawing. And make sure that this process is not so complicated.
Thus, you can learn how to create ornaments and patterns yourself. In principle, you can take ready-made diagrams and then transfer them to the surface.
Using patterns on household items
Also, patterns and ornaments in ancient times were made on household items and household utensils. For example, in Rus', salt shakers were depicted with a six-petal rosette. This had symbolic meaning. This rosette represented the sun, and salt was considered associated with it. Also, her image was often found on spinning wheels, as a symbol of endless time.
In addition to the symbolic painting of utensils, there was also simply decorating the product. Of course, it did not appear immediately, but the technology was developed over the years.
It should be noted that some patterns, the patterns of which are quite complex, are still made by craftsmen. This is, for example, Khokhloma painting, which looks very beautiful and rich. However, its production is quite complex and multi-stage.
Using patterns in embroidery
Russian embroidery in Rus' traditionally not only decorates clothes, towels, bedspreads and other linen products, but is also a talisman. The interweaving of patterns is by no means random. All symbols are in their place.
In addition, the color of the thread that is used also matters in embroidery. Let's consider some points:
- an embroidered rooster or horse in red or black colors is suitable to protect the baby;
- for successful activities, embroidery should be done in blue or golden-green tones;
- woolen embroidery is suitable if there are already some energy holes; it is done in the area of a person’s chakras;
- flax is used for peace; it is used to embroider trees, birds, stars or the sun;
- for women, black color should be used in embroidery to protect against infertility;
- for men - green (protects from wounds), blue (protects from the elements).
In addition, symbols are also used in embroidery - a cross (barrier and protection from evil), a star (heavenly fire), a circle (denotes fertility, abundance and motherhood) and others.
Thus, Russian embroidery is a whole set of knowledge that our ancestors used in ancient times, protecting themselves, their relatives and their clan.
The use of patterns on clothing in the old days
Probably the most known application pattern and ornament is Even the most ignorant person in this matter will recognize this embroidery. True, colors and patterns again vary by region.
For example, the further south the area, the brighter the clothes people wore. This was due to the fact that used to paint was of natural origin, and the warmer it was, the greater the variety in the possibilities of producing it.
If we talk about men's and women's clothing, then the first had almost no differences in the regions, except for preferences in color and pattern. But women's clothing was quite varied and significantly different.
And also embroidery of various animal figures was very popular in the northern part of Russia. But the southern ones had more colored embroidery (often red).
The use of Russian folk patterns in modern clothing
Russian folk patterns on clothing periodically come back into fashion. Famous fashion designers release collections with folk motives(for example, in 1976 Russian Collection from Yves Saint Laurent).
In our time, Russian patterns have long been a priority among true connoisseurs. In addition to colorful traditional ones, bright floral (or other folk) prints are used. I remember the ancient patterns that craftswomen embroidered on clothes for their family and friends. You can also certainly order similar clothes for yourself if you wish.
Products that have long earned recognition both in quality and style (for example, Pavlovo Posad shawls) also remain popular.
Thus, the Russian pattern simply cannot go into oblivion. His influence on the people is undeniable, this is his legacy, and one day he will rightfully take his rightful place in the hearts of people. After all, ancient Russian patterns truly carry the harmony and beauty that was known to our ancestors. This is also our history, which should not be forgotten.
