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Beloved Komelkova

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Galya Chetvertak is an orphan, a pupil of an orphanage. In the orphanage she received her nickname for her short stature. Dreamer. She lived in a world of her own fantasies, and went to the front with the conviction that war is romance. After the orphanage, Galya ended up in a library technical school. The war found her in her third year. On the first day of the war, their entire group was sent to the military commissar. Everyone was assigned, but Galya didn’t fit anywhere, either in age or height. During the battle with the Germans, Vaskov took Galya with him, but she, unable to withstand the nervous tension of waiting for the Germans, ran out of cover and was shot by the Nazis. Despite such a “ridiculous” death, the foreman told the girls that she died “in a shootout.”

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One of the main heroines of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...”.

Zhenya is a very beautiful red-haired girl, the other heroines were amazed at her beauty. Tall, slender, with fair skin. My wife is 19 years old. Zhenya has her own account with the Germans: when the Germans captured Zhenya’s village, Zhenya herself managed to hide the Estonian woman. In front of the girl's eyes, the Nazis shot her mother, sister and brother. She goes to war to avenge the death of her loved ones. Despite the grief, “her character was cheerful and smiling.” In Vaskov's platoon, Zhenya showed artistry, but there was also enough room for heroism - it was she who, calling fire on herself, led the Germans away from Rita and Vaskov. She saves Vaskov when he fights the second German who killed Sonya Gurvich. The Germans first wounded Zhenya and then shot her point-blank.

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Senior sergeant, deputy platoon commander of female anti-aircraft gunners.

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One of the main heroines of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...”.

Liza Brichkina is a simple village girl, originally from the Bryansk region. The forester's daughter. One day, their father brought a guest to their house. Lisa really liked him. Seeing the conditions in which the girl is growing up, the guest invites Lisa to come to the capital and enter a technical school with a dormitory, but Lisa did not have the chance to become a student - the war began. Lisa always believed that tomorrow would come and be better than today. Lisa died first. She drowned in a swamp while carrying out the task of Sergeant Major Vaskov.

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Postman

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Sergeant Major Vaskov's landlady

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One of the main heroines of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...”.

Rita is strict, she never laughs, she just moves her lips a little, but her eyes still remain serious. “Rita was not one of the lively ones...” Rita Mushtakova, the first of her class, out of great love, married senior lieutenant Osyanin, with whom she gave birth to a son, Albert. And there was no happier girl in the world. At the outpost she was immediately elected to the women's council and enrolled in all the circles. Rita learned to bandage the wounded and shoot, ride a horse, throw grenades and protect against gases, and then... war. On the very first day of the war, she turned out to be one of the few who did not get confused and did not panic. She was generally calm and reasonable. Rita's husband died on the second day of the war during a counterattack on June 23, 1941. Having learned that her husband is no longer alive, she goes to war in her husband’s place in order to protect her little son, who is left with his mother. They wanted to send Rita to the rear, but she asked to go into battle. They drove her away, forced her into the heated vehicles, but the persistent wife of the deceased deputy head of the outpost, Senior Lieutenant Osyanin, appeared again at the fortified area headquarters every other day. In the end, she was hired as a nurse, and six months later she was sent to the regimental anti-aircraft school. The authorities valued the unsmiling widow of the hero-border guard: she noted it in orders, set it as an example, and therefore respected her personal request - to be sent, after completing her studies, to the area where the outpost stood, where her husband died in a fierce bayonet battle. Now Rita could consider herself satisfied: she had achieved what she wanted. Even the death of her husband faded into the farthest corner of her memory: Rita had a job, and she learned to hate quietly and mercilessly... In Vaskov’s platoon, Rita became friends with Zhenya Komelkova and Galya Chetvertak. She died last, putting a bullet in her temple and thereby saving Fedot Vaskov. Before her death, she asked him to take care of her son. The death of Rita Osyanina is psychologically the most difficult moment of the story. Boris Vasiliev very accurately conveys the state

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One of the main heroines of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev’s story “And the dawns here are quiet...”.

Sonya Gurvich is a girl who grew up in a large, friendly Jewish family. Sonya is originally from Minsk. Her father was a local doctor. She herself studied for a year at Moscow University and knew German well. A neighbor at lectures, Sonya’s first love, with whom they spent only one unforgettable evening in a cultural park, volunteered for the front. Knowing German, she could have been a good translator, but there were many translators, so she was assigned to an anti-aircraft gunner (of whom, in turn, there were few). Sonya is the second victim of the Germans in Vaskov's platoon. She runs away from the others to find and return Vaskov’s pouch, and stumbles upon patrol saboteurs who killed Sonya with two stabs in the chest.

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Major, Vaskov's commander

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The main character of Boris Lvovich Vasiliev's story "And the dawns here are quiet...".

Petty Officer Fedot Vaskov is the commandant of the 171st patrol in the Karelian wilderness. The crews of the anti-aircraft installations of the patrol, finding themselves in a quiet situation, begin to suffer from idleness and get drunk. In response to Vaskov’s requests to “send non-drinkers,” the command sends two squads of female anti-aircraft gunners there... Fedot completed four classes of the regimental school, and in ten years rose to the rank of senior officer. Vaskov experienced a personal drama: after the Finnish war, his wife left him. Vaskov demanded his son through the court and sent him to his mother in the village, but the Germans killed him there. The sergeant major always feels older than his years. The author emphasizes the peasant mind and peasant spirit in the “gloomy foreman” Fedot Vaskov. “Solid taciturnity”, “peasant slowness”, special “masculine thoroughness” since “he was the only man left in the family - the breadwinner, the water provider, and the breadwinner.” The female anti-aircraft gunners subordinate to him call thirty-two-year-old Vaskov behind his back as “an old man” and “a mossy stump who has twenty words in reserve, and even those from the regulations.” “All his life, Fedot Evgrafovich followed orders. He did it literally, quickly and with pleasure. He was the transmission gear of a huge, carefully adjusted mechanism.” Having encountered with his “search group” of five “girls with three-rulers in an embrace” sixteen armed fascist thugs from head to toe, rushing through the Sinyukhin ridge to the Kirov railway, to the “canal named after. Comrade Stalin,” Vaskov “hid his confusion. I thought and thought, turned my heavy brains, sucked at all the possibilities of the upcoming deadly meeting. From his military experience, he knew that “playing Hovanki with a German is almost like playing with death”, that the enemy “must be beaten. Beat until he crawls into the lair,” without pity, without mercy. Realizing how difficult it is for a woman, who always gives birth to life, to kill, he taught and explained: “These are not people. Not people, not people, not even animals - fascists. So look accordingly"

“And the dawns here are quiet...”: the actors continued the fates of the heroes
On the eve of June 22, we remember the terrible war that claimed millions of lives. For several generations already, all the horror of that time has been conveyed by the most tragic war film - “And the Dawns Here Are Quiet...” by Stanislav Rostotsky based on the story by Boris Vasiliev, filmed in 1972. The fate of five girls who died in a clash with German saboteurs in the Karelian forest makes us freeze with sadness, fear and injustice.

Today I can’t even believe that Sergeant Major Vaskov or Zhenya Komelkova could have been played by someone else. But then most of the actors were approved for the roles by chance, sometimes even contrary to common sense. It was fate itself that guided Rostotsky’s hand! She also made the star cast live the way their heroes would have done.

Liza Brichkina became a deputy

The forester's daughter Liza Brichkina captivated Sergeant-Major Vaskov because she also felt at home in the forest, knew the voices of all the birds and noticed every broken twig.

Lisa is a rosy, lively girl. “Blood with milk, tits in wheels,” recalls actress Elena Drapeko, who played this role. - And I was then a second-year student with a cane, out of this world, studying ballet, playing the piano and violin. What peasant acumen do I have?

Because of this, they even wanted to remove her from the role. But then they lightened the eyebrows, painted red freckles on the face, etched out the hair - and left it.

If other girls played themselves, then I had to remake myself,” says Elena Drapeko.

As a result, her Liza Brichkina turned out to be a little different from the one in the script - lighter, more romantic. And that’s exactly how millions of viewers liked her.

Elena often heard on the street: “There goes the one who drowned in the swamp!” Soon after this, she changed her profession as an actress to an administrative position - now she is a people's deputy and deputy chairman of the State Duma Committee on Culture.

If Lisa had not drowned in the swamp, but had studied at a technical school, she, too, would have become a deputy! - Elena Drapeko laughs.

Zhenya Komelkova - screen star and wife of the People's Artist

The most beautiful, cheerful and flirtatious, a real girl without complexes, Zhenya Komelkova distracted the attention of the Germans from her fighting friends either by striptease by the river or by singing songs in the forest. Olga Ostroumova, who played her, is the only one of the five actresses for whom this film was not a debut - by that time she had already played tenth-grader Rita Cherkasova in the film “We'll Live Until Monday” by Stanislav Rostotsky. The director really wanted to see the young actress in this film.

According to the script, Zhenya was supposed to be a redhead, and this is an important component of her image. And Ostroumova was blonde. It was repainted several times - and it always turned out wrong. There were opinions that she was not suitable for this role at all. But Rostotsky decided to take a risk and released the actress onto the set as she was...

After “Dawns” her creative destiny was more successful than anyone else’s. Ostroumova starred in the films “Earthly Love”, “Fate”, “Garage”, and played in the theater. Viewers even now often see her in TV series - “Poor Nastya”, “Don’t Be Born Beautiful”, “Captain’s Children”. And many also know the actress as the wife of Valentin Gaft. The People's Artist of Russia had his eye on her during the filming of Garage. But he decided to give vent to his feelings only in 1995, when Ostroumova divorced Mikhail Levitin. Until now, the actors live in peace and harmony.

Rita Osyanina: businesswoman and just a good woman

Chubby, with plump lips and big eyes, Rita Osyanina looked like a child. But she had already gone to war to avenge her murdered husband and to be able to visit her little son in the city, next to which a detachment of anti-aircraft gunners was stationed.

For actress Irina Shevchuk, this role became the only memorable one. But in it she gave it her all - when Rita was wounded in the stomach, the actress felt the death throes of her heroine so realistically that after filming she had to be pumped out.

Now she dreams:

I would like to play a normal, good woman, so that everyone would cry with delight that such people exist.

So far she has not been offered such a role, but she is not upset and is very successfully realizing herself in another field - as a businesswoman and director of the Kinoshock festival.

Sonya Gurvich chose quiet service to society

Sonya is an atypical female image for Soviet cinema. An intelligent Jewish girl who went to the front straight from the university, and while lying in ambush, recites poetry. By the way, Boris Vasiliev wrote it with his wife.

This role brought instant and stunning fame to Irina Dolganova, a student at the Saratov Theater School. But she acted quite in the spirit of Sonya - she returned to the province to work in the Gorky Youth Theater.

I met the main director of this theater. I was captivated by the coincidence of his creative concept with the one I was taught in Saratov. They don’t seek good from good: realizing this, I continued my school in Gorky.

Galya Chetvertak writes detective stories

A seventeen-year-old girl from an orphanage whose nerves could not stand it during the war and she shouted “Mom!” ran out of the ambush straight into the German bullets, played naturally, oddly enough, by the prosperous Muscovite Ekaterina Markova, who had parents, and what kind of parents: her father is the first secretary of the Writers' Union!

“The Dawns,” as one might expect, gave a powerful impetus to her career—but not as an actor, but as a writer.

Thanks to the film, I also became a writer, like my dad,” she says. - I accumulated so many impressions from the trips that I wrote an essay for the magazine “Soviet Screen”. Then the books “Actress” and “The Favorite’s Caprice” were published, and now I’m working on detective novels.

Fedot Vaskov married... a German woman

The images of the dead girls in our minds are inextricably linked with the fearless, kind and worldly wise foreman Fedot Evgrafych Vaskov, his lush mustache and colorful face.

GITIS graduate Andrei Martynov got this role by miraculous chance. At first it was intended for the famous Georgy Yumatov. But during the auditions he looked more like an urban superman than a strong Vologda man. And then the director’s assistant remembered a young man whom she had seen at a student performance. At first, Rostotsky had doubts about his candidacy, because he was only 26 years old at the time, and Fedot, according to the script, was well over thirty. But Martynov was approved by secret vote by the entire film crew, including lighting and stage workers.

After Vaskov, the actor had another starring role - Kiryan Inyutin in the serial film “Eternal Call”. And soon a paradoxical event occurred in his personal life:

The performer of the roles of Soviet soldiers fiercely fighting the Nazis married... a German woman. He lived with Franziska Thun, who graduated from Moscow State University and spoke fluent Russian, for several years, but then they separated. It is believed that they could not decide in which country to live. They have a son, a theater artist who lives in Germany, and three grandchildren.

Swamp, nudity - everything is for real

Stanislav Rostotsky, a front-line soldier himself, decided to achieve complete realism on the set at any cost. Even before the start of the process, he brought young actresses to the remote Karelian village of Syargilakhta, gave them uniforms and forced them to get used to the roles of marching, learning to handle weapons, and crawling on their bellies. If the script says that Sonya Gurvich rubbed her feet, then that’s what should have happened on the set.

“I asked for a long time to give me boots of my size,” recalls Irina Dolganova, “but Stanislav Lvovich categorically refused. As a result, I could barely walk because of terrible calluses.

The scene of crossing the swamp in the film takes only a few minutes, but in order to film it, you had to wallow in the swamp for days on end. However, Rostotsky himself honestly shared all the hardships with the actresses. Every morning, creaking with his prosthesis (the director lost his leg at the front), he was the first to get into the dirty slurry with the saying “the woman was sowing peas - oh!”

But the most difficult thing for the actresses was not even the dirty swamp, but the episode in the bathhouse, where they had to act naked. At that time, such a scene could be regarded as real pornography, and the girls tried to dissuade the director from it. But he gathered everyone together and explained: “Understand, girls, I need to show where the bullets fall. Not into men’s bodies, but into women’s bodies that must give birth.”

As a result, Rostotsky’s film really turned out to be so touching that he himself could not keep his cool. When the director edited the footage, he cried because he felt sorry for the girls.

The main character, foreman, commandant of the patrol. Vaskov is distinguished by a “peasant mind” and “solid reticence.” He is 32 years old, but he feels much older, since he became the breadwinner of the family at the age of fourteen. Vaskov has four years of education.

One of the main characters, a participant in the war who served at the 171st patrol. She was an orphan from an orphanage, who on the very first day of the war was sent as part of a group to the military commissar. She dreamed of participating in the war, but since she was not suitable, either in height or age, they did not want to take her. In the end, she was assigned to an anti-aircraft gunner.

One of the main characters, an anti-aircraft gunner who ended up in Fedot Vaskov’s detachment. Zhenya was a beautiful, slender, red-haired girl, whose beauty was admired by everyone around her. The village in which she grew up was captured by the Germans.

One of the main heroines of the story, a brave girl anti-aircraft gunner who served in Vaskov’s detachment. Lisa grew up in the family of a forester from the Bryansk region. All her life she cared for her seriously ill mother, because of which she could not even finish school.

One of the main characters, the eldest in the platoon. Rita is a serious and reserved person. She almost never laughs or shows emotion. He treats other girls in the squad strictly and always keeps to himself.

One of the main characters, a girl anti-aircraft gunner from the detachment of Sergeant Major Fedot Vaskov. Sonya is a shy girl from Minsk who studied at Moscow University to become a translator, and with the beginning of the war she ended up in a school for anti-aircraft gunners.

­ Kiryanova

Secondary character, platoon deputy sergeant, senior among the anti-aircraft gunners.

­ Major

A minor character, the immediate commander of Sergeant Major Vaskov, it was he who provided the female anti-aircraft gunners to his platoon.

­ Mistress Maria Nikiforovna

Average rating: 3.9

War is death, fear, hatred. A woman is life, mercy, love. Woman and War - sometimes reality puts these incompatible and contradictory concepts side by side, forcing a Woman to confront War and win this confrontation. The exploits of Soviet women on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War are a clear example of this.

One of the works of Soviet literature, B. Vasiliev’s story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet,” shows how terrible war is and how very young girls, who have not yet entered adulthood, at the cost of their own lives defend what they value, on an equal basis with male soldiers.

Zhenya Komelkova, Rita Osyanina, Lisa Brichkina, Galya Chetvertak, Sonya Gurvich - five female anti-aircraft gunners led by Sergeant Major Vaskov set out to intercept a fascist sabotage group and go into immortality. Boris Vasiliev managed to create a truthful and highly emotional work that reflects the mercilessness of war . Vasiliev’s heroines are young, full of courage, determination and hope. Going on a mission, the girls do not know what fate has in store for them, but they are ready to stop the enemy and, in the end, do so, but the price of victory turns out to be prohibitively high.

A foreman and five girls against sixteen well-trained saboteurs... Vaskov tries as much as possible to take care of the girls, but they die one after another. The first to die was Liza Brichkina, who did not have time to reach her own people to call for help, she really wanted to support the girls, so she was in a hurry, did not save herself in the swamp, drowned in the quagmire, retreating from the path in fear. Sonya Gurvich, an intelligent and talented girl who recited Blok’s poems, did not even have time to realize that she had run into a German knife. Galya Chetvertak, the youngest, was childishly happy that she was taken on an important task. And then I couldn’t stand the emotional stress, I couldn’t cope with my own fear. Rita Osyanina and Zhenya Komelkova violate the order of the foreman and do not leave their positions, getting involved in battle with the Nazis. They “have their own account for the war.” They came to take revenge for their relatives, for their broken and crippled lives. It is possible to fight with such an attitude, but it is impossible to survive and live on.

“Five girls, there were five girls in total, only five!..”, as the Basque shouted in despair, they stopped an outnumbered detachment of well-armed and trained fascists. According to the author, the story is based on a real episode during the war, the only difference is that young girls took the places of Soviet fighters. The historical fact that became the basis of the plot - albeit heroic, but just an episode of a great war. In B. Vasiliev’s interpretation, it caused a great resonance among readers and his story became one of the most popular books of the 1960-1970s about the Great Patriotic War.

The beginning of the 70s was literally illuminated by the light of "Dawn". The people read Boris Vasiliev’s story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet,” published in 1969 in the magazine “Yunost.” Two years later, readers were already flocking to the famous play “Taganki”. And 45 years ago, a two-part film by Stanislav Rostotsky was released, which was watched by 66 million in the first year - every fourth resident of the USSR, if you count infants. Despite subsequent film adaptations, the viewer gives the undisputed palm to this, mostly black and white, film and generally considers it one of the best films about the war.
From the heroes of old

In those years they filmed the war often, and they filmed it superbly. The film about five dead girls and their rude, but such a sincere foreman managed to stand out from this constellation. Probably because former front-line soldiers gave him their memories, soul, experience, starting with the author of the script, writer Boris Vasiliev.

He knew how to write about war especially. His heroes were never perfect. Vasiliev seemed to be saying to the young reader: look, people like you went to the front - those who ran away from classes, fought, fell in love at random. But there was something in them, which means there is something in you too.

The director of the film, Stanislav Rostotsky, also passed through the front. Vasiliev’s story interested Stanislav Iosifovich precisely because he wanted to make a movie about a woman in the war. He himself was carried out of the battle in her arms by nurse Anya Chegunova, who later became Beketova. Rostotsky found the savior, who, as it turned out, reached Berlin, then got married and gave birth to beautiful children. But by the time filming ended, Anna was already blind and dying from brain cancer. The director brought her to the studio screening room and recounted in detail what was happening on the screen throughout the film.

Chief cameraman Vyacheslav Shumsky, chief designer Sergei Serebrennikov, make-up artist Alexey Smirnov, assistant costume designer Valentina Galkina, director of the film Grigory Rimalis fought. They simply physically could not allow untruths to appear on screen.
Petty Officer Vaskov - Andrey Martynov

The difficult task was to find actors who would be believed. Rostotsky had the idea: let the foreman be played by someone famous, and the girls, on the contrary, be debutantes. He chose Vyacheslav Tikhonov for the role of Sergeant Major Vaskov, and Boris Vasiliev believed that front-line soldier Georgy Yumatov would do the best job. But it so happened that the search for “Vaskov” continued. The assistant saw the 26-year-old actor at his graduation performance.

Andrei Leonidovich was born in Ivanovo, and has been fascinated by the theater since childhood. And his hero was not only six years older, but also from the village, had a “corridor education”, he dropped words as if he were giving a ruble.

The first tests were very unsuccessful, but, apparently, Rostotsky was very attracted to the type of actor and his perseverance. In the end, Martynov played Vaskov, so much so that the viewer unconditionally fell in love with this ridiculous foreman after his on-screen fighters. Martynov also superbly conducted the final scenes of the film, where he, already gray-haired and one-armed, together with his adopted son, erects a modest tombstone in honor of his girls.

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The actor had another starring role - in the television series “Eternal Call”. Martynov worked successfully in cinema and theater. He lent his voice to more than 120 foreign films, including “The Godfather” and “Schindler’s List.”

Life gave him a peculiar surprise: his wife was a German citizen whom he met at a festival. Franziska Thun spoke excellent Russian. The couple had a son, Sasha. But Andrei did not want to live in Germany, although in his homeland his colleagues literally pecked him to death for marrying a foreigner. But Franziska did not want to move to the USSR. Their union eventually fell apart.

Rita Osyanina – Irina Shevchuk

Rita is the only one of the heroines who was married and became a widow in the very first days of the war. She left behind a small child with her mother in the rear; Vaskov later adopted him.

Shevchuk helped play the painful personal drama of his heroine through her complex romance with the then gaining popularity actor Talgat Nigmatulin (“Pirates of the 20th Century”). But Irina got to experience the happiness of motherhood many years later. In 1981, she gave birth to a daughter, the famous actress Alexandra Afanasyeva-Shevchuk (the girl’s father is composer Alexander Afanasyev).

Irina Borisovna successfully combines acting and public careers. In 2016, she starred in the film “Stolen Happiness.” At the same time, Shevchuk is vice-president of one of the largest film festivals in Russia, Kinoshock.

Zhenya Komelkova – Olga Ostroumova

By the time of the filming of “The Dawns”, Olga played a memorable role in “We’ll Live Till Monday” with the same Rostotsky. Zhenya Komelkova - bright, daring and heroic - was her dream.

In the film, Ostroumova, whose grandfather was a priest, had to play “nudity,” which was completely unusual for the USSR. According to the scenario, the female anti-aircraft gunners washed themselves in the bathhouse. It was important for the director to show beautiful female bodies intended for love and motherhood, and not for being hit by bullets.

Olga Mikhailovna is still considered one of the most beautiful Russian actresses. Despite her extremely feminine appearance, Ostroumova has a strong character. She was not afraid to divorce her second husband, chief director of the Hermitage Theater Mikhail Levitin, although they had two children in their marriage. Now the actress is already a three-time grandmother.

In 1996, Olga Mikhailovna married actor Valentin Gaft. Two such bright creative people managed to get along, although Gaft is the star of Sovremennik, and Ostroumova works at the Theater. Mossovet. Olga Mikhailovna said that at any time she is ready to listen to Valentin Iosifovich’s poems, which he writes as talentedly as he plays in films and on stage.
Lisa Brichkina - Elena Drapeko

Lena, of course, really wanted to play Zhenka Komelkova. But in her, a thin girl who was born in Kazakhstan and studied in Leningrad, the director “saw” the full-blooded beauty Liza, who grew up in a remote forest village and was secretly in love with the foreman. In addition, Stanislav Iosifovich decided that Brichkina should not be a Bryansk, but a Vologda girl. Elena Drapeko learned to “okat” so well that for a long time she could not get rid of the characteristic dialect.

Some of the most difficult scenes for the young actress were the scenes when her character drowns in a swamp. Everything was filmed in natural conditions, Lena-Lisa was put on a wetsuit. She had to dive into the dirty slurry. She had to die, and everyone around laughed at what the “swamp kikimora” looked like. Moreover, she kept having her pasted-on freckles restored...

Elena Grigorievna’s unbending character manifested itself in the fact that she became not only a very famous actress, who still acts in films, but also a public figure. Drapeko is a State Duma deputy, candidate of sociological sciences.

Political activity did not always contribute to personal life. But Elena Grigorievna has a daughter, Anastasia Belova, a successful producer, and a granddaughter, Varenka.
Sonya Gurvich – Irina Dolganova

Irina Valerievna was as modest in life as her heroine, the quietest and most “bookish” among the five fighters. Irina arrived for the audition from Saratov. She didn’t believe in herself so much that she didn’t even leave her address. They barely found her and immediately sent her to play scenes at the skating rink with the then-beginning Igor Kostolevsky, otherwise she would have had to wait until the next winter.