State budgetary educational institution Samara region average comprehensive school

village Chernovsky municipal district Volzhsky Samara region

VIIOPEN SCHOOL

SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL CONFERENCE

Direction: "Natural science"

Subject: "Ecological problem clean water»

4th grade student

GBOU Secondary School No. 1 "OTs" urban settlement Stroykeramika

Scientific director: Zubrilkina Evgenia Sergeevna

teacher primary classes

village Chernovsky m.r. Volzhsky, 2016

Introduction

The WWF Living Planet report notes that the fresh water system, including drinking water, is undergoing acute crisis. This problem is also relevant in our country. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the current decade the decade of drinking water.
The need for water to ensure human life is determined by the role it plays in the cycle of nature, as well as in satisfying physiological, hygienic, recreational, aesthetic and other human needs. Solving the problem of meeting human needs for water for various purposes is closely related to ensuring its required quality. The development of industry, transport, and overpopulation of several regions of the planet have led to significant pollution of the hydrosphere. According to WHO, about 80% of all infectious diseases in the world are associated with unsatisfactory quality of drinking water and violations of sanitary and hygienic water supply standards. In the world, 2 billion people have chronic diseases due to the use of contaminated water.
According to UN experts, up to 80% of chemical compounds entering the external environment sooner or later end up in water sources. Every year, more than 420 cubic km of wastewater is discharged around the world, which makes about 7 thousand cubic km of water unusable. The chemical composition of water poses a serious danger to public health. In nature, water is never found in the form of a chemically pure compound. Possessing the properties of a universal solvent, it constantly carries a large number of various elements and compounds, the ratio of which is determined by the conditions of water formation and the composition of aquifers.

Water will always remain the most mysterious liquid on Earth. It never ceases to amaze physicists, chemists, biologists... It would seem, what new can be said about water? However, every year its new properties are discovered, and these discoveries expand the possibilities of using water and its purification.

The problem of water pollution and depletion of water resources on a global scale is getting worse every year. About a billion people on Earth suffer from a lack of clean drinking water, approximately 25 thousand die every day due to its poor quality.

Purpose of the study: determine which water is safe to eat;

Object of study: ecology, water as a source of life on the planet;

Subject of study: pollution affecting the composition and quality of water;

Study participants: families of classmates and independent participants;

Research hypothesis: Perhaps tap, spring and boiled water is not safe for human health. Let's try to find out what kind of water should be consumed.

Research objectives:

1) Analyze popular scientific literature, identify the nature of the problem of water pollution and use;

2) Find out what role water plays in the life of all life on Earth and what measures people take to protect water resources; convey the information received to peers and adults and make them think about the need to save water;

3) Describe how drinking tap, spring, and boiled water affects human health;

4) Suggest your own ways to solve the problem using the example of the Padovka River, Volzhsky district.

Research methods: analysis literary sources, questioning, observation, experiments, generalization.

Desert. Sand, sand... It's hot. The sun is going crazy. It's 80 degrees Celsius in the shade. Nothing alive for hundreds, thousands of kilometers. Not a bush, not a blade of grass. Only at night, when the heat subsides, does some life awaken in the desert. And in the morning again. ... And, suddenly, in the midst of this kingdom of death - a riot of life - an oasis. Trees, bushes, grass, animals, people. What happened? Yes, it’s simple, they dug deep wells here, and there was water in them. And water is life.

There is not a single living organism on Earth, even the most primitive one, whose body does not have water and which could live without it. Plants are 80-99% water; 60-75% - animals; a one-month human embryo consists of 97% water, a newborn - 75-80%; The body of an adult contains about 65% water, in older people - 50-60%. The water content in different human organs and tissues is different. On average, a person consumes (and excretes) 75 tons of water during his life. According to biologists, a person can live about 2 months without food, but cannot live even five days without water.

Water is not only the most common, but also the most important liquid in nature. Suffice it to say that life originated in water. Without it, the existence of animals and plants is impossible. Life exists only where there is water. In reality, water is amazing and extraordinary; it is a true miracle of nature. But not only is there life where there is water, but, conversely, where there is water, there is necessarily life. “Water without life in the biosphere is unknown,” said Academician V.I. Vernadsky.

The hydrosphere is the birthplace of life.

Speaking about life in general, one cannot fail to mention the influence of water on human health. Thousands of books and articles are devoted to this topic, and trying to retell at least part of what has been written is pointless - anyone can find on bookshelves or on the Internet everything they want to know about this issue. However, not saying a word is also not true.

Water is, first of all, what we drink. According to the World Health Organization, more than 80% of all diseases in the world are associated with poor quality of drinking water. What flows from water tap, drinking water can only be named in extremely rare cases. The water we drink can at the same time be the most natural and very effective medicine. Water procedures. Treatment on the waters. Holidays at sea. Fountain in the garden. Continuing the transfers is pointless. But here’s what I want to say: water, like fire, has an incomprehensible attractive, bewitching power. You can look at these two elements and look at them.

First, about the most important thing - about the situation with the provision of water to the world's population, which is taking on threatening trends. The UN General Assembly declared the period from 2005 to 2015 International Decade action "Water for Life". UN member states emphasized that water is driving force for sustainable development and the eradication of poverty and hunger.

Water is a necessary source of normal functioning of all Earth's ecosystems. Unfortunately, it is already in short supply in many parts of the world. According to UN experts, approximately one sixth of the world's population does not have access to clean drinking water, and one third does not have access to water for domestic needs. Every eight seconds, a child dies from water-related illnesses, and 2.4 billion people lack adequate sanitation. Global change climate change may further complicate the water supply situation. The adopted resolution emphasizes that the goal of the Decade is further development international cooperation to resolve current problems related to water and contribute to the achievement of the agreed water goals contained in the Millennium Declaration.

What caused the severity of the situation? It is caused by the combined action of three main reasons:

Population growth. Every year, the planet's population increases by 85 million people, and at the same time, water consumption per capita is growing - in developed countries it doubles every twenty years.

Waste pollution environment, primarily wastewater, which is growing exponentially, and already the current generation will be faced with a situation where the world's needs for clean fresh water will exceed its absolute reserves.

Global warming is causing increasing melting of glaciers, which store about 70% of the world's fresh water.

This is such a sad picture. How are things going in Russia?

Russia accounts for a third of the world's available fresh water, making it a very tempting target for encroachment.

The total flow of Russian rivers is 4,270 cubic kilometers per year (it is environmentally safe to withdraw no more than 15 cubic kilometers per year).

On the territory of Russia there is one of the wonders of Nature - Lake Baikal. Lake Baikal is a unique source of clean fresh water. The volume of water in the lake is 23 thousand cubic km. (the same amount as in all five Great Lakes of North America). This is 20% of all fresh water reserves on Earth and 30% of Russian reserves, not counting glaciers. Baikal is the deepest lake in the world, its average depth is 730 m, maximum depth- 1637 m. Baikal water, especially at great depths, is exceptionally transparent and clean. Baikal is a priceless diamond that fate gave to Russia. We didn't create it, didn't earn it, didn't buy it, so we can't imagine it true value. And we have not yet lost him to understand in hindsight the irreparability of the loss. But there is a real threat of this. Clean drinking water is becoming a strategic commodity. For example, the bottled drinking water industry is one of the fastest growing in the world. Over one hundred billion liters of water are sold annually, mostly in plastic packaging. Profits in this industry already reach one trillion dollars a year - that's 40% of the profits of oil companies and more than the profits of pharmaceutical firms. Trading water will soon be more profitable than oil. Where was this industry just 15-20 years ago, when the oil industry was already facing global crises? And where will it be in 15-20 years? After all, everyone wants to live no less than to drive a car.

Now let's get back to our water, the water we drink. Since this issue concerns each of us personally, let us dwell on it in a little more detail.

On January 1, 2002, a regulatory legal act came into force in Russia - Sanitary rules and regulations "Drinking water. Hygienic requirements for water quality of centralized drinking water supply systems. Quality control" - SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01. The hygienic requirements for the quality of water for drinking and domestic needs are based on the principle of safety in epidemiological terms, harmlessness in chemical composition and favorable organoleptic properties.

Organoleptic properties are properties determined by our senses: taste, smell, color, turbidity. Full analysis water quality is a labor-intensive process that requires appropriate equipment. This is done by the sanitary and epidemiological inspection.

Let's start with the fact that “must correspond” does not mean “corresponds”. In addition, while the water flows through the pipes from the point of intake, where at least some control is carried out, a “cocktail” containing a lot of harmful impurities ends up in the tap from which we pour it. We pour this water into a plastic electric kettle, boil it and drink it. But water is the strongest universal solvent, and an increase in its temperature for every ten degrees speeds up the process by half and, having reached the boiling point, water increases its chemical aggressiveness by 500 times. Open the lid of a plastic kettle with water boiling in it and smell what this water smells like - stench, there is no other word. Here is one of the organoleptic parameters of water.

Therefore, it is advisable to purify tap water before drinking it. The most common means of cleaning are household filters: simple ones (nozzles and jugs), medium filters (2- and 3-stage filters) and filters high degree cleaning (filters with ultra filtration membrane and reverse osmosis filters).

The most optimal modern drinking water filters usually have three levels of purification: the first - removes impurities such as rust, turbidity, and insoluble substances; the second - eliminates residual chlorine, heavy metals and other chemical impurities; the third - destroys bacteria and enriches the water with minerals, improving its taste. If there are no filters, you can provide good water purification at home on your own. To do this, first of all, you need to let the water sit for 24 hours to remove chlorine and other gaseous and suspended impurities. After this, you need to freeze the water at a temperature of minus one - minus six degrees, until half of the entire volume freezes. Some fans of pure water use distilled water, but this is a harmful excess. Biologically complete water contains many vital substances that are absent in distilled water: salts, free radicals, organic acids, for example, glycolic acid, amino acids, vitamins, enzymes. The absence of these components has a depressing effect on the body. The absence or shortage of fresh natural water forces us to look for alternative sources.

Now a little about my native land. The Samara region is located along the middle course of the Volga River, in a bend known as the Samara Luka. The Volga River is the largest river in Europe, the national pride of Russia, its length is 3531 km. The water resources of the Samara region are determined by the following main factors: the amount of precipitation in the region, surface and underground runoff. In recent years, the environmental situation in the world has become extremely aggravated. Emissions of toxic substances into the atmosphere, chemical and radioactive contamination of ground and surface waters. The Samara region is a zone of extreme environmental tension. Analysis of the environmental situation shows that the level of environmental pollution in the Samara region continues to remain high.

It is characterized mainly by emissions and discharges from energy, petrochemical, oil refining, oil production, and chemical engineering industries.

The problem of drinking water quality affects many aspects of life human society throughout the history of its existence. Currently, drinking water is a social, political, medical, geographical, as well as engineering and economic problem. The concept of “drinking water” was formed relatively recently and can be found in laws and legal acts related to drinking water supply. Our health and the quality of our life largely depend on the quality of the water we eat. Water is worth it for us to take an interest in what we are drinking and do everything possible to ensure that this water is clean and physiologically complete.

Water is not only the most common, but also the most important liquid in nature. Suffice it to say that life originated in nature. Without it, the existence of animals and plants is impossible. Life exists only where there is water. Without clean fresh water, humanity cannot exist, there will be no industry and agriculture. Water is not only drink and raw material, but also energy. Using water every day, we are so accustomed to it and consider it such an ordinary phenomenon that the word “water” began to be used as a synonym for interesting and long-known. Water is a true miracle of nature.

2.1. Application of water

Water is needed in almost all sectors of the national economy. Water is also necessary for human domestic needs. It is calculated that to produce the daily norm of food per person requires at least 6 cubic meters. m. water. Before a can of canned vegetables or fruits appears in the store, 40 liters of water will be spent on it. Over the course of 70 years of a person’s life, 70 tons of water pass through the tissue of his body. Modern large thermal power plants consume huge amounts of water. Only one station with a capacity of 300 thousand kW consumes up to 120 cubic meters. cm per second or more than 300 million cubic meters. m per year.

I conducted a survey among students of our school in grades 1, 3 and 9 (50 people in each).

During the research process, my peers were asked the following questions:

- “Do you consider tap water clean?”

- “What kind of water do you drink most often: tap water, spring water or boiled water?” The results of the study are shown in the diagram:

Conclusion: A survey among students showed that, despite their age, most of the respondents drink spring water.

2.2. Clean water problem

Drinking tap water is not the best solution for a person who cares about their health. The energy of your body should not be spent on cleansing it of harmful substances contained in poor-quality water; it should be directed to more important things. vital functions. What is quality drinking water? Good water must not contain any foreign substances, chemicals, bacteria or other impurities. Water is called drinking water if it meets all accepted state drinking water standards, if it is packaged in accordance with sanitary and hygienic standards and if it is intended for human consumption. What contaminants can low-quality water contain? Nitrates, pesticides, herbicides . Fertilizers and their components used in agriculture and gardening, washed away by rain, end up in the water of rivers, streams and lakes, and from there into tap water.

Water is necessary for every body and it can heal. And for this, the water must be healthy. What are our city enterprises doing to protect water?

I am a resident of the village of Stroykeramika. There are industrial enterprises in our village. I was interested in the question: are they polluting the water with their waste?

At our school, I turned to the Ecosha club, in which children explore ecological problems native land. The bulk of the rivers in our region are small. They play an important economic and climatic role. Young ecologists held social survey and survey of urban residents Stroykeramika, which showed that in our village there is a pressing problem - pollution of the local Padovka River. From an interview with a local resident:

“Now no one swims in Padovka. This summer I took a risk. And what - he went to the hospital. The whole body was swollen, he lay with a fever. And the doctors couldn’t even make a diagnosis. But from time immemorial, our grandfathers swam on this river, and children learned to swim.”

Today, you can’t even rinse with this water, you can’t even water your garden, it’s so toxic.

Another resident of the village told us no less sad story. A former city resident, after retiring, Evgenia Ivanovna decided to move to the suburbs. I was very happy that I was able to buy a house on the bank of the river. It’s convenient to take care of the land. But the joy did not last long: in the first year of living in the village, it was clear that it would not be possible to use water from the river. Moreover, the woman began to suffer from diseases that she had not suffered from before, and asthma developed.

The water in Padovka has long looked unusual - with flakes of thick foam.

The seemingly harmless Padovka turned from a friend of the villagers into their enemy. Residents of the village more than once or twice wanted to “chip in” and build a dam in Padovka in order to somehow protect it from pollution. But it turned out that for this it was necessary to draw up so many different papers and get so many signatures that the residents backed down (from interviews with residents).

Analysis of printed publications and publications on the Internet allows us to draw a conclusion about a lot of attention scientific community to the problem of the current ecological state of the Padovka River. Articles and photos about the river are published repeatedly. But unfortunately, not all works provide practical recommendations for solving the problem.

The local newspaper “My Village” (the newspaper was published in July 2008) published an article “Don’t pollute our river!” This article is dedicated to the environmental project “Protection of the Environment”. Kindergarten students were involved in the project and they acted as young environmental defenders of their native land (Appendix). The topic of the lesson was dedicated to “Ecology of the reservoir”. The guys took an excursion to the pond. Teacher Udalova M.Yu. to the question “Why exactly did you, kindergarteners, take up this global problem?” replied:

“Yes, because we are not indifferent to the fate of our small Motherland. It is necessary for the ecology of the soul to awaken. Without it, caring for the ecology of nature is impossible. We must start with ourselves!” Padovka’s problems were also written about in the newspapers “Volzhskaya Kommuna” and “Samara Izvestia” (Appendix).

The organoleptic characteristics of water were determined using the organs of vision (turbidity and color) and the organs of smell (smell).

Turbidity determined using a white sheet of paper. In daylight, place a sheet of white paper behind the glass container with collected water and carefully look at the transparency and color of the water against a white background.

Smell(we do it in class) place part of the water ≈ 1 ml in a test tube and heat it on an alcohol lamp (not to a boil).

Sediment analysis(done in class): a small portion of the brought water was poured into a glass flask and shaken, then passed through filter paper

Conclusions:

Having personally visited the bed of the Padovka River in the urban settlement. Smyshlyaevka and having carried out water tests available for testing on site and in the chemistry room, in the coastal zone of the reservoir, we were once again convinced that the ecological situation in the reservoir is very serious. Thus, an analysis of water for the presence of temperature pollution showed its obvious presence. It is worth noting that the air temperature on that day reached – 17 O WITH, and the water in the reservoir was not exactly freezing, it was steaming. Organoleptic analysis of the water showed a light yellow color and turbidity. The smell, reminiscent of rotting organic matter, was felt immediately and intensified when heated.

Water filtration has once again proven the presence of suspended particles in the water, which cause turbidity. But the signs of oil pollution in the river are of particular concern - the flow of oil films was observed on the surface of the water at sampling point No. 4. The decomposition of petroleum products occurs with intense absorption of oxygen and gives the water a characteristic odor. Unfortunately, determining the exact content of petroleum products is impossible in a school laboratory.

2.3 My experiments with water.

Experience No. 1

To conduct the experiment, I took two water samples: from the water supply and water purified with a household filter.

She boiled the water. As a result, both samples were odorless and colorless. But in the sample with tap water, we found a white sediment at the bottom and white plaque on the walls of the dishes.

Conclusion: After boiling tap water, we drink dead water, which contains fine lime and mechanical particles, heavy metal salts, chlorine and organochlorines, viruses, etc.

Experience No. 2

Purification of non-tap water.

The snow has melted, the water is in a liquid state. But when examining this sample of water, we observe dark sediment, debris, and water has a brownish tint at the bottom of the jar.

Experience No. 3

Purifying water using a cotton gauze filter.

Conclusion: a cotton gauze filter purified the water only from debris and water

still contaminated. You can't drink this kind of water. This may adversely affect human health .

As a result of the work I did, I came to the following conclusion:

1. When applied to apartment conditions, the most reliable method of disinfection is boiling.

2. The simplest way to purify water is to settle it. As a result, chlorine evaporates, and heavy metal salts settle to the bottom.

3. You should not drink tap water; it can cause significant damage to human health. Such water can only be used for technical purposes.

4. Water becomes of better quality if it is purified with a household filter.

Conclusion.

The health of every person is in his hands. In order to feel good, a person should drink only clean, high-quality drinking water. Our health directly depends on the quality of that drinking water.

As a result of studying and researching this topic, we can conclude that the goals and objectives set at the beginning of this work have been realized.

Based on the results obtained, we made a conclusion about the state of the quality of drinking water in the village of Stroykeramika: the water used by the residents of our settlement is not entirely suitable for drinking and cooking and does not have very good quality characteristics.

Analyzing the results of this work, I came to the conclusion that it is possible, without incurring large material costs, to supply your body with high-quality water, thereby preserving good health. Because the water that flows in our taps is not of high quality. And you have to spend money on cleaning filters, or buy bottled water. We must think about the nature of our region. Nature itself gives us everything we need, but, unfortunately, we do not appreciate it. So let's be grateful to our nature!

List of sources and literature used

Arabadzhi.V.V., “Riddles of simple water”, M.: Znanie, 1973

Akhmanov M. S. “The Water We Drink”, M.: Eksmo, 2002

Gorsky V.V., “Water - a miracle of nature”, M.: ANSSSR Publishing House, 1962

Ershov M.E. The most common methods of water purification, 2006, 94

Rechkalova N.I., Sysoeva L.I. What kind of water do we drink.//Chemistry at school.–2004. No. 3.

Environmental monitoring. Educational and methodological manual. Ed. 3rd. / Ed. T.Ya.Ashikhmina. – M: Academic Project, 2006.

http :// ru , wikipedia . org / wiki /Water .

http :// www . fs . fed . us / water /.

http :// www . water exchange . ru /

Environmental education and upbringing is an extremely pressing problem of our time. After all, careless and even cruel attitude approach to nature always begins with a lack of environmental education and upbringing. Cognitive, research and creative projects, presented in this section, are designed to fill these gaps, teach to love and understand nature, and form the foundations of an ecological culture in children.

The topics of the projects are varied: from studying bright representatives of flora and fauna to independently growing plants and systematically monitoring their growth. We educate in children good feelings, curiosity, aesthetic perception associated with the beauty of nature; the ability to realize one’s impressions in work.

Environmental projects are an integrated approach to educating ecologically cultured people.

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Ecological project “Trees are our faithful friends” Project motto. Brighter, brighter the sun from the sky shine on us. Higher, higher the tree grows above the ground. Let the branches hear a child's voice. Let the trees grow a sprout with love. Project passport 1. Topic: “Trees are our faithful friends” 2. Type of project: design and research. 3....

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Municipal educational institution

"Kuvshinovskaya secondary school No. 2"

Educational and research environmental project

Ecology of school space

Project type: creative, exploratory

Project hypothesis : conducting environmental monitoring, analyzing their results, environmental educationof all participants in the educational process will help maintain their health and improve learning conditions.

Objective of the project: maintaining the health of students, creating favorable learning conditions.

Tasks:

Educational

expand and deepen students’ knowledge about the role of nature in human life;

introduce students to the diversity, living conditions of indoor plants, their importance for human health.

developing:

develop the ability to analyze, reason, prove your opinion;

educational:

ensure the relationship between the educational and educational processes;

cultivate a caring attitude towards indoor plants, a sense of belonging, and personal responsibility for what is happening around.

develop research skills, the ability to work with various types of information sources;

develop the ability to analyze, select, and classify the information received;

develop the ability to creatively apply acquired knowledge

Predicted results:

The student will know:

names of indoor plants and living conditions of these plants in their homeland;

rules for caring for indoor plants;

the effects of natural factors (light, heat, moisture, soil composition) on the life of indoor plants;

The student will be able to:

work with additional literature;

observe and care for indoor plants;

work in a group;

document the results of your activities according to the plan.

The student will cultivate in himself:

curiosity;

independence;

tolerance;

organization.

Formulation of the problem :

Insufficient or improper landscaping in school classrooms contributes to the creation of unfavorable learning conditions.

Design :

formation of groups, distribution of tasks, definition of tasks.

Search for information:

study of reference, scientific- popular literature, holding

monitoring.

Intermediate product: consultations, preparation of presentations, preparation of speeches.

Project presentation.

School ecology - this is an activity in the space of school life, consistent with human nature.

School is the place where children spend most of their time, and therefore it must meet certain requirements. If we talk about the ecology of the school, the main requirement here is maintaining health.

What benefits do indoor plants bring, and are they just benefits, or do they bloom within the walls of our school solely for beauty?

Taking into account the trend of a sharp decline in population, the problem of creating and maintaining a healthy society is being raised. This increases the responsibility of the education system not only for the spiritual, but also for physical development new generation, strengthening the health of students, introducing them to the value healthy image life. The state of health of children, adolescents and young people causes reasonable concern for the entire society as a whole. In this regard, such an area of ​​work as health protection and the introduction of health-saving teaching technologies becomes the most important for the school and all participants in the educational process.

Houseplants came to us from distant countries. By decorating our interior, they invite us to break out of the routine whirlwind. The most amazing of them take us on journeys, making us forget about banal everyday life.

When choosing “green friends,” we focus on our own aesthetic taste and listen to the advice of family and friends. As a rule, everything is limited to this, but in vain, because plants have a number of wonderful properties, the existence of which we do not even suspect! Having settled in our house, “green tenants” contribute tosound absorption, humidify the air, saturate it with oxygen and cleanse it of harmful impurities. Special nutrients released by plants increase performance, normalize sleep, and increase a person’s adaptive abilities

“Green friends” bring harmony and tranquility into our lives; next to them we feel a surge of energy and at the same time relax. When choosing plants, many of us do not think about the effect they will have on our health, both physical and psychological. Plants affect us with their aroma, the color of leaves and flowers, and the shape of the crown.

Indoor plants are an essential component of a school classroom. They decorate the room and create comfort. Plants perform various functions, have an aesthetic and psychological effect, and improve the air environment. In recent years, another important function of plants has become increasingly clear - cleaning the environment from various pollutants. Like a filter, they clean the air from dust and harmful gases.

Plants with phytoncidal properties: increase the amount of oxygen, increase the content of negative light ions. They have a positive effect on respiratory processes, reduce arterial pressure, increase muscle strength and endurance: tachycardia and arrhythmia decrease; serve as a means of prevention for dystonia and hypertension. - Reduces the number of microorganisms in the air by 70-80%.

Conifers - cryptomeria, cypress, Olsander cypress, laurel, fortuneella, prickly pear cactus. Citrus cactus - prickly pear - reduces the number of mold fungi by 6-7 times, has healing properties (heals wounds). Euphorbia, citruses. Microbes (staphylococcus) are dealt with by Cissus Hibiscus, Cissus, Ficus, Akalifa, Aglaonema. For a therapeutic effect, it is necessary to place one plant specimen per 1 m3 of room.

Plants that can relieve stress. If possible, it would be a good idea to set up a relaxation room at school. It is best to plant in it: pelargonium, oregano, myrtle, lemon balm, fragrant geranium (take into account the tendency to an allergic reaction). Plants purify the air not only from bacteria, but also from dust. More than 300 species have these properties. In addition, another 160 species are intended for open ground. These are mainly coniferous plant species. In addition to dust retention, some of them are also capable of absorbing sound; it is useful to plant them in schoolyards located near roads, and this is important due to the increasing number of vehicles. The air environment contains toxins emanating from synthetic materials used in finishing work.

As part of the program of continuous environmental education and upbringing, it is possible to carry out an independent project to study the species composition of indoor plants in the school. this work accessible and interesting to students.

The goal of the project is to determine the name of each plant, its family, and homeland from reference books; study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants; landscaping of school classrooms.

The project is intended for students in grades 5-9. Depending on the age of the students, the “Indoor Plants at School” project can be divided into several stages, each of which includes both theoretical and practical parts.

5-6 grades

- Studying the species composition of indoor plants in school classrooms.

- School gardening club.

- Messages in biology lessons.

7th grade

- Creating a map “Map of the world on the windowsills of a school (classroom).”

-"Travelling with Houseplants."

8-9 grades

- Study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants.

- Landscaping of school classrooms taking into account air and thermal conditions.

- Speech at an environmental scientific and practical conference.

The work to determine the species composition of plants was divided into two stages.

At the first stage ( 5th grade ) students identify and describe plants in the basic classroom. For these purposes, special reference literature is used. The most successful in this regard is Hessayon’s reference book “Everything about indoor plants” (M.: Kladez, 1996).

At the second stage ( 6th grade ), working in groups, students identify and describe the species composition of indoor plants in school classrooms. It should be noted that working in groups, where students complete tasks together, helps improve communication skills, better assimilation of knowledge and intellectual development children.

Data on the species composition of plants is placed in the classroom corner or on a separate stand. In addition, a plate is placed in the container with plants, indicating the name, species, and homeland of the plant. You can also hold a meeting of school gardeners, at which you can give recommendations on working with reference books, indicate which plants, depending on window exposures, are advisable to grow in a particular office. Also important is the connection between students’ experimental activities and educational process, which is established through objects of the natural cycle. For example, in a 6th grade biology course, students study the morphology of plants, and the knowledge about plants acquired in the process of working on a project not only serves as a good addition, but can also be applied in a geography course, in particular, when studying continents. Based on knowledge about the species composition of indoor plants, the school creates a map of the world's vegetation, which indicates the homeland of each plant.

In this case, it is carried outanticipatory education. To prepare such a lesson, the children study a fairly large amount of literature, both reference and scientific, suggested by the teacher or found on their own. Such lessons are undoubtedly more interesting both for the children preparing the material and for the entire class as a whole.

While working on a vegetation map, students learn that most of the school's houseplants are native to the rainforests of America and Africa, as humidity and temperature regime in the school classrooms are fully consistent with the natural conditions of the given natural area(monitoring of the environmental condition of school classrooms is carried out under the guidance of a chemistry teacher). It becomes obvious to students that in central Russia at the latitude of Moscow, these plants require certain maintenance conditions. This applies to moderate watering in winter and abundant watering in summer, shading of plants in the hot season and lighting in the cold, “wintering” for cacti, etc. The results of the work can be presented in the form of mini abstracts or shown on a stand in the classroom.

The final stage of the second stage The project is a presentation of the results of research and practical work. For students in grades 5-7, it is better to do this in the form of a “Travel with Houseplants” holiday. Student presenters, using a map of the world's vegetation, talk about the living conditions of plants found at school.

For students in grades 8-9, the study of the ecological and medicinal functions of plants is of particular interest. From reference and popular science literature we learned that at school there are plants that determine the sanitary state of the air in the classrooms, i.e. acting as bioindicators. These include tradescantia, begonia, asparagus, and violet. In addition, the rooms have detoxifying plants that can neutralize toxic substances contained in the air. These are chlorophytum fasciculata, common myrtle, fern, geranium, Chinese hibiscus, coleus, royal begonia, dracaena, ivy, dieffenbachia, succulent cacti.

As part of the school's gardening program, students selected plants for each classroom based on environmental factors.

In addition, we carried out work to identify plants that have medicinal properties. At school, such plants include: agave, aloe, aspidistra, aucuba, hibiscus, zephyranthes, kalanchoe, saxifrage, passionflower, pelargonium, ivy, sanseviera, thuja, fatsia, ficus. We compiled the results in the form of a catalog “Medicinal Plants at School”, indicating the species composition, the use of plants in their homeland, and pharmacological properties. For each plant of the doctor, an annotation of the medicinal effect and methods of use have been compiled.

results students presented their project work at a school scientific and practical conference, which was attended by representatives of all classes of secondary and high school. Thus, the achievements separate groups schoolchildren become known to almost the entire school and can be in demand by everyone.

Most interesting works were presented at the environmental scientific and practical conference.

I have an idea creating a cabinet of indoor plants. The idea to create it came about because the school collected a large number of indoor plants.

Indoor plants are used in lessons and in extracurricular activities as demonstration and handouts, when conducting observations and performing simple experiments. Living objects must be unpretentious in maintenance and care. Sanitary and hygienic requirements, lighting standards, and safety regulations must be observed. Plants that do not cause allergic reactions are selected.

When selecting plants in the office, it is possible to take into account their use in lessons and extracurricular activities, taking into account their role in the design of the office. Plants are placed on racks, mounted in walls or on stands. Two or three large plants create a unique interior.

Operation in mode project activities becomes the source of creating the necessary equipment for the office. It is necessary to highlight those tasks in which schoolchildren can take part. Creative in nature, including research, search, problematic situation, project activities fill the life of each office with interesting things.

Analyzing the available resources and capabilities of children, we gave preference to the following types of project activities:

research

applied

informational

Research The project requires a certain algorithm of work:

Identification and formulation of the problem;
- formulation of a hypothesis;
- setting goals and objectives;
- action planning;
- data collection, analysis and synthesis, comparison with known information;
- preparation and writing of the project, its effectiveness;
- defense, presentation of the project.

Applied From the very beginning, the project clearly indicates the result of the activities of its participants.

Informational The project is aimed at analyzing and summarizing any information for a wide audience.

“Ecology and phytodesign of the school classroom”

Target: get acquainted with the laws of arranging indoor plants, with the profession of florist and decorator.

Tasks:

1.Study the species composition of indoor plants in the office

2. Establish which indoor plants are most popular in landscaping school premises

3.What requirements are taken into account when growing plants at school.

Methods:

Observation

Experiment

Practical work

Expected results: acquisition of knowledge, flowers in the school office

We decided to equip our school office and do phytodesign of the office:

Landscape it so that it is aesthetically pleasing and comfortable for work; and the conditions for maintaining the plants were met.

Using the literature on indoor floriculture, we have established that plants belonging to 5 groups are used in indoor landscaping:

1 group - decorative deciduous (palms, ferns, dracaena)

Group 2 - beautifully flowering (begonias, cacti, roses)

Group 3 - hanging (chlorophytum, tradescantia)

Group 4 - climbing or clinging (ivy, monstera, asparagus)

Group 5 - bulbous or tuberous (cyclomen, gloxinia)

In schools, it is best to grow simple, undemanding plants (tradescantia, chlorophytum), which bloom easily and abundantly, and which can be cared for by children. Plants that cause irritation to the skin and mucous membranes or have brightly colored fruits are completely excluded.

To make people's lives more beautiful and cleaner, we use plants. But you also need to take care of the flowers. Before breeding plants, you need to know the basic requirements of each of them for

Humidity

Illuminance

Temperature

Plants need light for normal development. According to light requirements, all plants can be divided into three groups:

Group 1 - light-loving

Group 2 - shade-loving

Group 3 - shade-tolerant

The air temperature in the room is of no small importance for the development of plants, especially in winter.

Sufficient moisture is necessary for normal plant development.

In addition, in offices it is necessary to increase the number of medicinal indoor plants, such as aloe and Kalanchoe. These plants enhance immunity and have bactericidal properties. The most popular plant in school is chlorophytum. It is said about him: the worse the air is for us, the better for him. For landscaping, we recommend light-loving and shade-tolerant plants.

When composing compositions, it is necessary to take into account the following rules and methods of plant placement. There are several basic techniques for placing indoor plants indoors.

1.A free-standing plant can be evergreen or flowering.

A successfully composed composition of several plants pleases the eye and turns the room into an oasis, where beauty and comfort reign, where the harmony of nature and man reigns.

2. Climbing plants suspended in a specially made flower pot are very effective in the interior.

3. Small gardens on rocks are very beautiful

4. Groups of plants planted together are very effective.

Flowers ennoble our lives, caress the eye, give people joy, soften morals, bring peace and relaxation. Giving flowers means expressing feelings of love, respect, affection, respect. (See presentation).

Additional information on career guidance.

Creating green interiors is a special area of ​​architecture that requires versatile knowledge and great artistic taste. Therefore, a florist-decorator works to create the most complex modern projects.

The florist - decorator is an indispensable consultant who will give advice on indoor floriculture in various rooms, in a large and small apartment, in a study room, in great hall, in recreation. At the same time, he will take into account the influence of plants on human health. In addition, he can make a bouquet or flower arrangement. People of this profession know how to make bouquets not only of fresh flowers, but also of dried or artificial ones. Flower growers work in greenhouses, greenhouses, nurseries and in open ground, in experimental plots, in parks and squares. Flower growers and decorators reveal the beauty of nature to people. Florists implement landscaping projects. They participate in the planning of green spaces, make ridges, loosen the soil, and apply fertilizers. To maintain a clear pattern of flower beds and lawns, they are trimmed, thinned, faded inflorescences are cut off, and fragile plants are tied to stakes. It is better for people who love nature and have good aesthetic taste to choose this profession. Aesthetically designed parks, squares, sidewalks are pleasing to the eye and create festive mood. In addition, green spaces play a hygienic and protective role, delay the spread of dust, soften noise, and help restore the normal composition of the surrounding air.

Nature is rich in amazing colors. We will definitely meet them at our school.

Ecological research "Ecological meaning in Russian folk tales"

Description. Research work on ecology aimed at finding ecological meaning in Russian folk tales. The author participated with her in the regional environmental competition-exhibition “Ecology and Fairy Tales”, where she took 2nd place, spoke to students of health camps of educational institutions of the Slutsk region as part of the environmental program “Ecology and Folklore”. This development will be useful for primary school teachers, educators additional education, teachers of preschool educational institutions to cultivate a love of nature through Russian folk tales.
Author: Irina Zhuk, 12 years old, student of the association of interests “Ecological tourism: pathfinders”, State Educational Institution “Slutsk Ecological and Biological Center for Students”, Slutsk, Minsk region, Republic of Belarus.
Head: Svetlana Vadimovna Yasenetskaya, additional education teacher, State Educational Institution “Slutsk Ecological and Biological Center for Students”, Slutsk, Minsk region, Republic of Belarus.
Introduction
“A fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it, a lesson for a good fellow!”
Although fairy tales seem like entertainment, they have a deep educational meaning. Fairy tales originated as oral folk art long before the emergence of various sciences. But already in those distant times for us, people spiritualized nature and worshiped its greatness, realizing that their lives directly depended on Mother Nature. And even though man often endowed Nature with supernatural power, this only further emphasized their interdependence.
Nowadays, it is very important to explain environmental problems to a child in a language that he can understand. And fairy tales can help with this, where the heroes do not violate environmental laws and Nature treats man the way Man himself treats nature.
Target: search for ecological meaning in Russian folk tales
Tasks:
1. Trace the attitude of our ancestors to nature through the study of fairy tales.
2. Show the ecological meaning inherent in Slavic folk tales
3. Foster a love of fairy tales and respect for nature.
Subject of research: Russian folk tales
Research methods:
1) information search;
2) analytical.
Hypothesis: Russian folk tales carry environmental knowledge.

Main part

Research "Ecological meaning in Russian folk tales"

The world of Russian folk tales is unique and mysterious. In it you can meet not only people, but also animals, and often friendship between them.
Fairy tale "Geese-swans"
Let us remember the fairy tale “Geese and Swans”. The sister goes to look for her brother, who was carried away by the swan geese. He meets Yablonka on his way and asks her for help. And what does Yablonka tell her?

Here's what:
- Eat my forest apple - I’ll tell you.
The tree is heavy, there are a lot of fruits on it.
And what does the girl answer?
- My father doesn’t even eat garden vegetables.
The girl did not help Yablonka - and Yablonka did not help her.
It was the same with Rechka and Pechka.
But on the way back, when the girl and her brother were running away from
geese-swans, Pechka, River, and Yablonka helped her. And why all? Yes, because the girl also helped them: she drank the jelly, ate the pie, and tasted the forest apple.
A typical picture of mutual aid!

Fairy tale "The Frog Princess"
Let's remember another fairy tale, which also clearly shows mutual assistance between humans and animals - “The Frog Princess”.
Ivan Tsarevich went in search of his bride. I met a Bear - I spared him, did not do anything bad to the beast.
Met the Hare and the Duck - he spared them.
Saved Pike from certain death on the seashore.
How did the animals repay Ivan? They helped to get the needle in which Koshchei died. Further in the text of the fairy tale, it becomes clear that there is nothing superfluous in nature, that every animal, from a bear to a hare, has some benefit.
Fairy tale "Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf"
But in the fairy tale “Ivan Tsarevich and Gray wolf“The situation turned out like this: the wolf ate the prince’s horse......and then, in order to make amends for his guilt, he himself carried Ivan through the forests and mountains.

Fairy tale "Turnip"
But the fairy tale “Turnip” shows us that sometimes it is necessary for both animals and people to stand on the same side, to unite in order to achieve a common goal. Based on this fairy tale, you can see that just like now, in our time, all living beings need to stand on the same side in order to save our Earth! If we fantasize a little when discussing the fairy tale “Turnip”: instead of a turnip we will have the whole Earth. Our planet is Earth! And the inhabitants of the house on the plot will act as the inhabitants of the entire planet. This is the picture that emerges: the inhabitants of the planet see that it is in danger and something needs to be done.
One person (grandfather) was the first to notice this and realized that he couldn’t cope on his own, he needed help. All humanity (grandfather, grandmother, granddaughter) of the planet has joined forces - they are saving the Earth! There’s no way they can save you! And, when all living beings (grandfather, grandmother, granddaughter, bug, cat, mouse) united - they saved the Earth (turnip)!
Conclusion
Having conducted a study of several Russian folk tales, we can conclude: folk tales teach not only the norms of human behavior, but are also based on observations of nature and contain a deep ecological meaning. They teach us love for nature, for caring for our little brothers.
***
A fairy tale brings us joy,
He who knows will understand
The fairy tale has a lot of meaning,
And love walks close there.
There are many adventures in the fairy tale,
Very joyful excitement,
Good wins in her,
After all, it is stronger than evil.
The one who respects fairy tales
Surely grows
Transforming into a sage
He believes very much in miracles.
And a miracle comes to visit,
Doesn't pass by
The main thing is to believe in him,
And it's already with you.
A fairy tale is a wonderful piggy bank,
What you accumulate, you take,
And without a fairy tale in this life -
You will definitely disappear.
(E. Stepanova)

Presentation on the topic: Ecological meaning in Russian folk tales

Ecology occupies a special place among the global problems of the modern world, which are transnational and interstate in nature.

The issue of the relationship between people and nature has always been acute, but with the advent of the third millennium, contradictions in the chain “individual - society - surrounding nature” reached their maximum.

Over the past few decades, against the backdrop of the relationship between humanity and nature, the most heated debates among scientists, the public, world organizations and governments have taken place. different countries.

Topics of research work on ecology are related to the problems that exist in modern reality, everyone is included here.

Ocean pollution

Nowadays, many harmful substances enter the ocean: plastics, oil, pesticides, chemical and industrial waste, which negatively affects the existence of marine fauna. From this it is clear that it is directly related to human activity, i.e. anthropogenic.

Significant damage to the ocean is caused by:

• Washing tanker holds, resulting in the release of 8 to 20 barrels of oil into its waters annually. This figure does not take into account accidents that occur during the transportation of oil by sea. The resulting oil film blocks the access of oxygen to the water, causing the extinction of plankton and fish.
• Heavy metals entering water. The most harmful of them are chromium, lead, mercury, nickel, cadmium and copper. According to statistics, only in waters North Sea About 50,000 of these metals are dumped every year.
  ingress of wastewater with a high content of pesticides - aldrin, dieldrin and endrin, which can be deposited in the tissues of living organisms.
• Tributyltin chloride (TBT), which is widely used for painting ship keels, has a detrimental effect on marine life as a protection against surface fouling by algae and shells. Scientists have proven that this substance prevents the reproduction of one of the crustaceans - the trumpeter.
• During recent years Ocean waters have become increasingly used for the deployment of nuclear missile weapons and for the burial of radioactive substances, which also leads to negative consequences.

Today, the protection of ocean waters is one of the most pressing problems of all mankind. In 1982, during the UN Conference, participants adopted the Convention on the Law of the Sea, which introduced a number of restrictions on the use of the waters of the World Ocean.

Thus, protecting its resources and combating pollution have become of particular importance.

The United States, Canada, Japan, India, Europe and other countries annually launch satellites to collect remote sensing data.

The precision resolution capabilities of such devices are constantly increasing; In addition, the set of parameters that characterize the state of the external environment, measured from space, is expanding. America and the European Space Agency are opening up more and more access to satellite data; The number of specialists involved in the development and implementation of new international projects is constantly growing.

Global warming in the Arctic

Problem global warming in the Arctic is advancing at catastrophic speed. The consequences could be the disappearance of the summer habitats of polar bears and a critical rise in sea levels on the planet.

This assessment of global climate change was made by members of an international group of climatologists. The warning issued by scientists could influence the United States and several other industrialized countries to reduce emissions from burning fossil fuels.

The report of a study aimed at studying the effects of global warming in the Arctic states:

• The melting of glaciers, which contain huge amounts of fresh water, can cause sea levels to rise by 7 meters in a few hundred years. According to the calculations of experts, in our century, due to exceeding the threshold temperature in the Arctic, prolonged melting of the ice sheet may occur.
• Arctic temperatures are rising twice as fast as the rest of the planet. Over the past 50 years, the average winter temperature in Chukotka, western Canada and Alaska has increased by 3.5 ºС. In the next century, this figure may reach 6.5 ºС.
• The area of ​​pack ice located in the Arctic Ocean is sharply decreasing. Over the past 30 years, their area has decreased by 20%; by the end of this century their area may be reduced by another 10-50%. There is an opinion that by 2040, Arctic pack ice may completely disappear.

Each of the above changes can contribute to acceleration. Fresh water influx into Atlantic Ocean may lead to changes in planetary ocean currents, which, in turn, will disrupt climatic conditions, meteorological phenomena and the concentration of fish and other marine life resources.

This study was conducted over a period of 4.5 years; The customer was the Arctic Council and the International Arctic Science Committee. Council members include senior officials from the United States, Canada, Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Russia and leaders of indigenous organizations in the Arctic region. 300 scientists from polar research centers from around the world are taking part in the work.

Changes are now being observed and predicted in all aspects of the life of the Arctic population - agriculture, transportation patterns and lifestyles, as well as local fauna - for example, many rare species of migratory birds may lose their breeding grounds.

The problem of food waste disposal

Over the past ten years, the problem of waste minimization and recycling has attracted the attention of many economic sectors. However, among other wastes, food waste receives less attention than others. For many decades, huge amounts of crops harvested in a number of developing countries have not become useful food products.
The situation is becoming increasingly serious due to the fact that these countries are providing minimal assistance to solve the problem.

According to a study conducted by UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), over 50% of all food produced today is lost, wasted or wasted due to ineffective production. food chain in restaurants and grocery stores.

This fact was confirmed by another study commissioned by the NRA (national restaurant association) - as it turned out, in British restaurants, 65% of food waste is thrown away during cooking and only about 30% remains on the plates.

Together Against Waste will be founded in 74 countries around the world, with groups of industry experts working together to address the issue of reducing food waste. By uniting consumers and partners in an effort to minimize waste, the movement intends to develop effective ways reducing food loss and waste management around the world.

The importance of conducting international research in the field of ecology

The tasks of monitoring the state of nature on a planetary scale contain many criteria. One of the main issues is the determination of the maximum permissible influence of the population on the Earth, in particular on its.

An example of a modern global monitoring project is the EOS system in the United States. This is a long-term program designed for 15 years and of a scientific nature. The work is carried out on the basis of data received from three satellites, which are serviced by the orbital system, in order to study in detail the state of the planet's ecology.

Research at school

In our country, scientifically research papers environmental studies begin at school, thus introducing children to world problems. Starting from elementary grades, educational and research work is included in the school curriculum for students.

1 Comment

Indeed, environmental problems (unfortunately) are of little concern to anyone. Exploring ways to reduce negative influence Human activities need to be given more attention.