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Continuing our acquaintance with the cultural heritage of the Northern capital, we decided to head to the State Russian Museum....

Let us immediately note that this brand unites five buildings - the Mikhailovsky Palace with the Benois building, the Marble Palace, the Mikhailovsky (Engineering) Castle, Peter's Summer Palace I , Stroganov Palace and several park areas, including Summer garden and Mikhailovsky Garden...

In this case, we will talk about the main building of this museum complex - the Mikhailovsky Palace with the Benois exhibition building, which is located at Inzhenernaya Street.

d.4... The history of the world's largest museum of Russian art begins with the Supreme Decree of Nicholas II"On the establishment of a special establishment called the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander "and on the provision for this purpose of the Mikhailovsky Palace acquired by the treasury with all its outbuildings, services and garden" signed in April 1895...

In 1898, the museum officially opened.

The basis of the museum’s collection at that time was made up of donated works of art from the Winter Palace, the Hermitage, and some private collections.... Strange as it may seem, the main increase in the museum’s collection occurred after 1917... This is primarily due to nationalization private property

, which fully affected numerous collectors...

Currently, according to official sources, the museum’s collection consists of 408 thousand exhibits, which we are about to get acquainted with today... Our acquaintance begins with the lobby of the main building.... Along the wide main staircase

we go up to the second floor... Before us is a monument to Alexander

III....

The second floor gallery is decorated with 18 grand columns of the Corinthian order.

and numerous sculptures...

In the corner there is a model of the monument to the famous historiographer N.M. Karamzin, made by S.I. Galberg for Simbirsk...

In order not to get lost in the numerous halls of the museum, we carefully study its plan

and head to the first hall, which displays icons of the 12th-13th centuries...

Here we can get acquainted with the works of various icon painting schools: Moscow, Novgorod, Pskov, etc...

Here, for example, we have before us the fresco “Prophet Samuel” (1112) from St. Michael’s Golden-Domed Monastery in Kyiv....

In the next exhibition hall we have the opportunity to get acquainted with the icons of the Russian North....

“Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker, with Life” (14th century) - came here from St. Nicholas Church in the village. Ozerovo, Leningrad region....

Icon from the Varvara Church in Pskov "St. Dmitry of Thessalonica" (15th century)....

The Royal Doors with the image of the Annunciation and Saints Basil the Great and John Chrysostom from the St. Nicholas Church in the distant village of Gostinopole on the river. Volkhov (15th century).....

Another exhibit of the Novgorod school of icon painting is “St. Nicholas the Wonderworker with Selected Saints” (13th century)...

The next room displays icons from the 15th and 16th centuries.

Among them, the works of Andrei Rublev “Apostle Paul” and “Apostle Peter” stand out, which are located in the center of the hall....

Hall No. 4....Icons from the 16th and 17th centuries are already placed here.

The icons end and we move on to the next room, which is associated with a new period in the history of Russia...

This is the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th centuries. The reign of Peter I ... Time big changes not only in politics, but also in art.... Icon painting fades into the background, and preference is given to the portrait genre.... Peter I sent a number of artists to study in Italy, among whom was Ivan Nikitich Nikitin....

It is his works that are presented in this room...

Before us is one of his famous works - a portrait of Princess Natalya Alekseevna. (1716)...

Also during this period, the art of sculpture began to develop rapidly.... The most major master of this period is B.K. Rastrelli. Therefore, it is no coincidence that in this room there is a cast-iron bust of Peter I, cast according to the author's mold in 1810...

We see the continuation of the Peter the Great era in the next hall of the museum....

These are, first of all, the works of Ivan Vishnyakov - portraits of the Fermor brother and sister...

Painting by B.V. Sukhodolsky "Painting" (1754)....

Among the works exhibited in this hall, “Head of an Old Man” (master Matvey Vasiliev, 1769) stands out....

In the center of the next hall we meet the monumental sculptural group “Anna Ioanovna with the Little Arab” - the work of B.K. Rastrelli...

The walls of the hall are decorated with magnificent tapestries (trellises) from the St. Petersburg Tapestry Manufactory, founded on the initiative of Peter the Great I in 1716...

The portrait genre has been particularly popular in Russia for many centuries. A prominent representative of this trend in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. there was Fyodor Rokotov, whose works are presented in the next room...

The portrait genre is being replaced by the historical one... It was its dominance that was established by the Russian Academy of Arts from the mid-18th century...

One of the first representatives of this genre in Russia was A.P. Losenko with his famous canvas “Vladimir and Rogneda”, which reflects historical fact: Prince Vladimir is trying to marry the daughter of the Polotsk prince Rogneda...

And here is his other work - “A Wonderful Catch”, which he completed in Paris during an internship.... The basis was taken from the painting of the same name by J. Jouvenet (kept in the Louvre).... The plot of the picture is directly related to the Bible and reflects the process of Christ's participation in an unprecedented fishing on the boat of Simon Peter...

The exhibition in the next hall is dedicated to the work of Dmitry Levitsky - according to experts - the most brilliant Russian portrait painter of the era of Enlightenment classicism....

But before we get acquainted with his works, let's take a quick look at the ceiling of this room

and on the sculpture located in its center....

The Russian Museum has unique collection works of Fedot Ivanovich Shubin, an outstanding master of sculptural portraiture of the 2nd half of the 18th century. In 1789, by order of Prince G.A. Potemkin-Tavrichesky sculptor made a ceremonial portrait-statue of Catherine The history of the world's largest museum of Russian art begins with the Supreme Decree of Nicholas for the Tauride Palace...

Here she is in front of us - "Ekaterina The history of the world's largest museum of Russian art begins with the Supreme Decree of Nicholas - legislator"....

Well, now we can return to Levitsky....

Portrait of Ekaterina Ivanovna Molchanova (1776)...

Portrait of Alexandra Petrovna Levitskaya.....

Our further path passes through the White (White Column) Hall....

Once upon a time there was a music salon in which Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna (Princess Frederica Charlotte Maria of Württemberg) organized musical and poetry evenings....

Today, this hall displays a unique palace interior from the early 19th century, to which K.I. “had a hand.” Rossi, A. Vigi, J.B. Scotty and others famous sculptors and painters...

The White Hall is one of the few rooms of the palace that has preserved its original decoration to this day...

From the White Hall we find ourselves at an exhibition of works by V. L. Borovikovsky, a recognized master of portraiture....

However, the artist gives preference to intimate portraits, in which, in his opinion, one can convey the variety of intimate feelings and experiences of the person depicted...

In the same room, chairs from the furniture set for the Karamzin living room of the Mikhailovsky Palace, designed by K.I. Russia......

Well, now we find ourselves in hall No. 14.... Remember these numbers. In our opinion, this is one of the the best halls museum in terms of the paintings presented in it.

Exhibited here famous works Aivazovsky and Bryullov...

Let's start with the works of I.K. Aivazovsky - the world famous Russian marine painter...

Before us is one of his famous paintings "The Ninth Wave".... People have been shipwrecked after a severe storm and are trying to escape on the wreckage of the mast, but the largest wave is ready to fall on them - the ninth wave...

The size of the painting is 221x332 cm and therefore it is better to view it comfortably on a soft sofa standing in the center of the room....

But to see how clearly all the details are drawn, you have to use the camera’s optics...

The next painting by Aivazovsky that we see in this room is “Wave” (1889)...

In the last years of his life, Aivazovsky was completely absorbed in creating the image of the sea element. Many of his paintings from this period are essentially variants of the same plot, but nevertheless, each of them has something special, individual...

Details of the picture....

Here we can also find earlier works of the master, for example, “Russian squadron on the Sevastopol roadstead” (1846)..

or “The brig Mercury, after defeating two Turkish ships, meets with the Russian squadron” (1848)....

The second half of the hall is dedicated to the works of another famous artist- Karl Pavlovich Bryullov - a representative of academicism in art...

The central place in the exhibition rightfully belongs to the canvas “The Last Day of Pompeii” - a plot from ancient history (the eruption of Mount Vesuvius and the death of the city of Pompeii) (1833)....

The painting "Crucifixion" (1838)... The image was painted for the Lutheran Church of St. Peter and Paul, which was built according to the design of the artist's brother, Alexander Pavlovich...

Portrait of Yu.P. Samoilova with adopted daughter Amalia (1842)...

Portrait Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna with her daughter (1830).....

Portrait of W.M. Smirnova (1837)....

Portrait of Princess E.P. Saltykova (1841)....

“The Appearance of Three Angels to Abraham at the Oak of Mamre” (1821) .... This painting was painted by Bryullov on the instructions of the Academy of Arts and was awarded a gold medal...

In general, in room No. 14 you can sit comfortably on the sofa and spend hours enjoying the works of our great masters....

It’s good to sit, of course, but the museum doesn’t end with this hall.... So let’s continue the inspection further...

In the next room we are offered the works of professors of the Academy of Arts of the first half of the 19th century...

Among the exhibits, the work of A.A. stands out. Ivanov "The Appearance of Christ to the People"...

This is a kind of reporting work by the author for a state pension in Italy...

The plot of the picture is based on events from the 3rd chapter of the Gospel of Matthew... We see a crowd of Jews who came to the banks of the Jordan following the prophet John the Baptist to be baptized... Pointing to the figure of Christ that appeared in the distance, John explains to those gathered that this the man brings them new truth, a new creed...

In preparation for his masterpiece, which we talked about above, Ivanov painted a series of studies of naked boys against the backdrop of a varied landscape... The painting “Three Naked Boys”, which is shown below, is one of them...

Another work full of subtle harmony by A.A.

Ivanova - “Apollo, Hyacinth and Cypress engaged in music and singing” (1831)... The painting by F.A. is also impressive. Bruni's "The Brass Serpent" (1841), which also features biblical story , associated with the 40-year wandering of the people of Israel in the desert.... People doubted the ability of Moses to lead them out of the desert, then God sent rain on them from poisonous snakes

.... After many people died, the Lord ordered Moses to expose the copper serpent and those who looked at him with faith remained to live...

Before us is his creation “Socrates defends Alquiades at the Battle of Potidaea” (1828)....

"Dmitry Donskoy on the Kulikovo Field" (1824) - the author was a former serf of Count N.P. Rumyantseva - V.K. Sazonov... By the way, in this room, as in the previous one, you can get acquainted with a closed (in the literal sense of the word) exhibition... If you noticed, along the walls of the hall there are small tables covered with velvet... So, if you lift this cloth , then under it you will see various sketches, drawings famous masters

from private collections... Many visitors don’t know about this and pass by... And they close it all from prying eyes for only one purpose - so that they don’t take pictures... As soon as you lift the curtain, the caretaker of the hall will be relentlessly in the pose of an attacking cobra watch your body movements...

Following paintings by S. Shchedrin and M. Lebedev

we fall into the hands of O. Kiprensky and a collection of his portraits...

Portrait of O.A. Ryumina (1826)...

In the same room, a model of the statue for the fountain in the Catherine Park of Tsarskoye Selo “Milkwoman with a Broken Jug” by P.P. is exhibited. Sokolov (1807-1810)....

In the next room we become witnesses to the work of A.G. Venetsianov... If before that the heroes of the paintings were famous or noble people, then in Venetsianov the images of peasants, their way of life and everyday life come to the fore...

Paintings "Peeling beets" (1820),

"The Reaper" (1826) and

“Fortune telling by cards” (1842) is a clear confirmation of the above....

At the window we see the project for the tombstone of the monument to M.I.

Kozlovsky, works by S.S. Pimenov (1802)...

We get acquainted with the work of Vasily Grigorievich Perov in the next room....

The aspirations of a lonely man, his thoughts, problems and ways to solve them are reflected in the painting “The Guitar Player” (1865)...

Before us are the works of the famous landscape artist I.I. Shishkina...

"Pine forest" (1883),

"Forest (Shmetsk near Narva)" (1888)...,

"Ship Grove"....

Next to Shishkin we see the works of M.K. Klodt is a master of realistic landscapes of the Russian village.....

Here is one of his works - “A Herd by the River at Noon” (1869)....

The “gaps” between the paintings are filled with works by E.A. Lanceray - Russian animal sculptor...

All his life he was passionate about horses, so it is no coincidence that these animals are present in many of his creations....

Before us is a cast of bronze "Arab with lion cubs" (1879)....

In the second half of the 19th century, the “neo-Greek” style became popular in painting, which was expressed in the form of multi-figure spectacular spectacles, bloody dramas, etc.

This is exactly what we had to face in the next hall of the museum...

Painting by G.I. Semiradsky "Phryne at the Festival of Poseidon in Eleusis" (1889) - shining example this direction in art...

From the same “series” and full of dramatic expression, the painting by K.D. Flavitsky "Christian Martyrs in the Colosseum" (1862)....

On the way to the next room, we again come across the work of E.A., already known to us. Lansere - "Kyrgyz school on vacation" (1880)...

After some time we find ourselves “captivated” by the Russian folk epic.... And all this thanks to the fairy-tale and battle works of V.M. Vasnetsova:

- “Battle of the Scythians with the Slavs” (1882)

and "The Knight at the Crossroads" (1882)...

Let's go get acquainted with the work of another of our famous artists - V.I. Surikov...

We slowly pass by "Stepan Razin"....

We linger a little at the painting “Salome brings the head of John the Baptist to her mother Herodias” (1872) (it’s not very often that you see a head on a tray...)

and stop at the canvas "View of the monument to Peter I on Senate Square in St. Petersburg" (1870)

Let's move on to the next room - here is the continuation of Surikov's exhibition....

We sit comfortably on the sofa so that we can leisurely and quietly admire “Suvorov’s Crossing of the Alps” and “Ermak’s Conquest of Siberia”

but then a gang of Nakhimovites appeared from somewhere....

We had to hastily retreat to another room and we had already examined the details of these paintings in the hotel through a camera....

We did this in a timely manner, because... in the next, small hall, a monumental painting by I.E. was exhibited. Repin with the “short” title “The ceremonial meeting of the State Council on May 7, 1901, on the day of the centenary of its establishment” (1903).

To fulfill this government order, the artist first painted 60 portraits of government officials separately, and then, with the help of his students (B.M. Kustodiev and I.S. Kulikov), transferred them to a large canvas...

Our acquaintance with Repin’s work continues in the following rooms....

Painting "Seeing off a recruit",

“Nicholas of Myra saves three innocently convicted people from death” (1888),

"Barge Haulers on the Volga" (1870),

"On the Turf Bench" (1876),

"Cossacks" (1880) - all this is just a small part of the work outstanding artist of his era Ilya Efimovich Repin...

The next room and before us are the works of not only a unique painter, but also a traveler, a man who relentlessly accompanied the Russian army in military operations in Japan, Central Asia and other “hot spots” - V.V. Vereshchagina...

The painting “At the Doors of the Mosque” (1873) is one of the many works of the Turkestan series, reflecting the customs of the Central Asian states...

During one of his last travels, and this was Japan, Vereshchagin was amazed by its monuments classical culture, originality, originality of costumes...

The canvas "Japan. Shinto Temple in Nikko" (1904) was painted based on the impressions received...

By the way, when did it start Russo-Japanese War, the artist rushed into the thick of events and tragically died on March 31, 1904, together with Vice Admiral Makarov, while on the flagship Petropavlovsk (the ship was blown up by a mine in the Port Arthur roadstead)...

Continuing our further journey through the Russian Museum, we find ourselves in a room with works by I.I. Levitan - the master of “mood landscape”...

"Golden autumn. Slobodka" (1889),

"Gloomy Day" (1895),

"Lake. Rus'" (the main work of the late Levitan: the artist died, leaving it unfinished...),

"Early spring"(1898)....

These are, of course, not his masterpieces like “March”, “Golden Autumn” or a series of works about Ples, but still...

In the same room we see works by K.A. Korovin "Lilac" (1915),

and K.F. Bogaevsky "Ships. Evening Sun"....

The next hall of the museum...

I.I. Brodsky "Portrait of the Artist's Wife" (1908),

A.N. Benoit "Flora's Pool" ....

K.A. Somov and his most famous picture"Winter. Skating rink" (1915)... (According to painting experts, this picture has an absolutely superb landscape, which can really be seen in St. Petersburg in winter...)

An exhibition of works by Andrei Petrovich Ryabushkin - a representative of the historical and everyday genre...

Some of his best works: “Moskovskaya Street XVII century on a holiday" (1895),

"They're coming! (The people of Moscow during the entry of a foreign embassy into Moscow at the end XVII century)"

Somehow, obviously deep in thought and deeply immersed in art, we did not notice how we ended up in some kind of corridor...

But even here the walls were not empty...

In addition to all sorts of advertising posters, there were also historical photographs(for example, this one is called “The war is over. The rise of B.K. Rastrelli’s sculpture “Anna Ioanovna with a Little Little Arab” from a hiding place in the Mikhailovsky Garden, 1945”),

and even sculptures that had no place in the main halls of the museum (“Alexander"On the establishment of a special establishment called the Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander "work by M.M. Antokolsky 1897)

Realizing that there was nothing more to see in the corridor, we returned to the main halls of the museum and found ourselves at an exhibition of works by A.I. Kuindzhi, one of the famous Russian landscape painters, a student of Aivazovsky...

"Sea. Crimea" (1898),

"Moonlight night on the Dnieper",

"Sunset"....

How great is all this??? As they say, taste and color have no comrades... Experts have their own opinion, but we, as people far from lofty matters, have a slightly different opinion: if you like a painting, it means it’s good, but look for strokes and nuances of mood in the canvas the artist, his vision of what is happening is not for us.... Sorry if anyone was offended...

If you believe the plan, we are in hall number 32...

Here sits thoughtfully "Spinoza" by M.M.

Antokolsky...

Well, we find ourselves “captured” by V.D. Polenov - one of the outstanding Peredvizhniki artists....

The central place in his exhibition is occupied by the painting “Christ and the Sinner” (1888), in which he depicted a plot from the Gospel....

In order for everything to turn out realistically, Polenov had to visit Syria, Egypt, Palestine...

Smaller works by the artist: “Sick Woman” (1879),

“And he returned to Galilee in the strength of the spirit”... The next room presents works by G.G. Myasoedova - " a bright representative

Russian realism of the second half of the 19th century, founder of the "Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions"

Here we can also see the works of K.A. Savitsky (the painting "To War" - reflects the events associated with the beginning Russian-Turkish war

1877), and I.M. Pryanishnikova (""),

Procession

"and K.E. Makovsky: ("Bedhouse" 1889),",

Family portrait

“Folk festivities during Maslenitsa on Admiralty Square in St. Petersburg” (1869);

and H.P. Platonov "Naimicha", and N.P.

Bogdanov-Belsky "At the School Door" (1897)...

When moving to another building, we encounter the works of M.M., already familiar to us. Antokolsky "Ermak",

and "Tiger and Sinai" by A.L. Obera.... From the Mikhailovsky Palace we move to the Benois building.......

In the first hall of this building M.A. is “waiting” for us. Vrubel - "... one of the brilliant creators of Russian Art Nouveau, whose work is marked by high artistic skill and the desire to create works of great style. According to the master, art should “awaken the soul from the trifles of everyday life with majestic images.”

(quote from the annotation to his work, posted in the exhibition hall)

After such “instruction”, it’s time to look at the master’s paintings...

Work "Bogatyr" (1898)....

Art connoisseurs call Vrubel a mysterious genius of painting... His masterpiece is "Morning"....

“His painting “The Flying Demon” is also imbued with an atmosphere of mystery...”

(opinion of experts...)

I repeat, we are not experts. Maybe everything in Vrubel’s works is mysterious, but for some reason they did not awaken our “soul from everyday trifles.”

In the next hall of the museum, paintings by M.V. are exhibited.

Nesterova...

Before we begin examining them, let’s get acquainted with the opinions of professionals...

"Mikhail Nesterov creates images of great spiritual power and significance. They are full of subtle lyricism, detached from earthly concerns, full of contemplation and religious reflection. The artist shows the complex spiritual life of his heroes, the wealth of their intellectual and moral capabilities, the harmonious interexistence of man and nature. Definition " Nesterov's landscape" - peaceful, quiet, soft green - has entered the modern Russian lexicon."

"Let's look at all this from the perspective of a layman.... Painting "Great tonsure" (1898)...,

"Holy Rus'" (1905),

Venerable Sergius

Radonezh" (1899)...,

"Dumas" (1900)...

"The greatest Russian portrait painter V.A. Serov created a brilliant painting gallery of their contemporaries, diverse in character and social status. In the second half of the 1880s - 1890s, he painted lyrical contemplative portraits using impressionistic painting techniques. The artist is objective and truthful in his depiction, careful in choosing a pose, gesture, and turning the model’s head...."

It's time to figure all this out in practice...

"Portrait of Princess Zinaida Nikolaevna Yusupova" (1902),

"Portrait of S.M. Botkina, wife of P.D. Botkin" (1899),

"Portrait of Princess O.K. Orlova" (1911)

And this is a work from a “different opera”....

"Bathing horses"...

In our opinion, after all, Serov’s portraits look more attractive than works of other genres (according to at least when compared with the paintings that are exhibited in the Russian Museum)...

In the next room we have the opportunity to get acquainted with the work of Boris Kustodiev...

“Portrait of F.I. Chaliapin” (1922) (The artist did this work while already paralyzed. He painted in parts, while the canvas was tilted over his chair)

"Merchant's Wife at Tea" (1918)...

"Balagany" (1917)...

In the works of B.M. Kustodiev mostly displays originality provincial life with its significant moments: bazaars, folk festivals, fairs, etc.

We examined the next couple of halls (exhibition of works by B.D. Grigoriev, I.I. Mashkov) quite quickly and fluently...

Of course, when the number of halls inspected exceeds seventy, one feels a certain fatigue, weariness, and a desire to finish it all quickly...

In our opinion, the organizers of the exhibitions, having obviously taken into account all these human factors, also met the museum visitors halfway: the closer they are to the exit, the more gentle and civilized it is to say.... In overall picture become simpler in terms of traditional perception of the surrounding reality...

Especially from the latest exhibitions we were heartily pleased with the movement in art called “primitivism”...

Museum workers describe this direction as follows: "involvement of Russian peasant art, urban folklore in the circle of current artistic traditions, deep interest in the art of self-taught artists was almost universal in the 1910s. Conscious simplification artistic form did not have the nature of imitation, but was an attempt to give the images of the reality transformed by the artist that clarity, simplicity and at the same time semantic capacity with which folk art was endowed by its nature..."

Now let's see what it all looks like....

For example, a series of paintings by M.F. Larionov (as he painted in his youth)....

But his later masterpiece - “Venus”. when they see this work, they will take on a thoughtful look, make a smart expression on their face, after which, for several tens of minutes, using professional slang, they will enthusiastically tell you that this is a true masterpiece...

In our unenlightened opinion - in kindergarten the kids will draw more beautifully...

"Cyclist" from N.S. Goncharova...(all entangled in the silks, threads and thoughts of the artist...)

Another masterpiece.... Haven't you guessed who is in front of you? Yes, this is “Portrait of a Philosopher” by L.S. Popova.

Somewhat reminiscent of the “checkered” one from the film “The Adventures of Prince Florizel”.

It seems that we are not the only ones in this room who are “delighted”.... Well, now we have to evaluate the most grandiose masterpieces of primitivism... Although no, it is already called differently - Suprematism (which means translated into simple Russian language " early manifestation abstract art

modern times")

We are standing in front of the works of the classic of this genre K.S. Malevich... Paintings "Black Circle" (1923), "Black Cross" (1923) and "White Radiator" ... (Sorry, the radiator turned out to be real. - I was confused by the sign located on it, where it was indicated, that it cannot be photographed with flash)...

It’s a pity that “Black Square” is not presented here.... After all, as Malevich said: “The square is the embryo of all possibilities...”

After some time, colored paints obviously appeared in Malevich’s arsenal. In 1928, he already begins to use them....

At least in the film “To the Harvest (Marfa and Vanka)” this is already visible...

And finally, the great theorist of new art once said: “Art must renounce what was yesterday.” So he (Malevich) abandoned real art...

In the same room, paintings in 3 D picture....

In the paintings exhibited in this hall one can already find the beginnings of realism....

"Three at the table" P.N. Filonov (1914)...

Next room....

Here we can get acquainted with the works of K.S.

Petrova-Vodkina....

"Herring" (1918),...

"Fantasy" (1925),

Next we find ourselves in the art of the 1920s - 1930s, which “reflected political and social changes in society. Themes of labor and sports become dominant. Equally relevant is the portrait, in which the image of a contemporary acquires a collective character. In its desire to embody in picturesque In their canvases, the ideals of modern times, artists widely turn to the traditions of monumental art - panels and frescoes...."

The collective nature of the Russian woman of that time is visible in the painting “Woman with Buckets” (V.V. Pakulin, 1928)

And here is a picture about sports

and his fans (A.N. Samokhvalov “Girl in a T-shirt” 1932)...

The canvas “Militarized Komsomol” (A.N. Samokhvalov, 1932) was very relevant for that era (Now it’s clear where we see such things from our Chinese or Korean colleagues)

The following halls - and a new era in art...

Famous painting by A.A. Deineka "Defense of Sevastopol" (1942)

More “peaceful” canvases:

"Noon" A.A. Plastov 1961,

"Morning" A.A. Mylnikov 1972,

"Baggars" O.V. Bulgakova 1979...

"The Pickers" Ya.I. Krestovsky 1975,

A very relevant topic for the late 80s and early 90s of the last century was reflected in the painting by A.A.

Sundukov "Queue" (1986)

And again an attempt to return to primitive things....

V.N. Nemukhin "Interior No. 3. Diptych" (1997)

"A Point in Its Space" by F. Infante-Aran (1964) Well, it seems we have reached the desired point in the space of the Russian Museum, which is called the exit... A sip

fresh air

it won't hurt us....

The Russian Museum is the largest collection of paintings and sculptures by Russian authors. The museum's exposition is located in five buildings. The most important thing is the Mikhailovsky Palace.

In total, the museum has approximately 4 million exhibits, and the collection is currently constantly growing.

By the way, this is the museum that St. Petersburg residents love more than any other. Even more than .

History of the Russian Museum

The State Russian Museum became the first place in the country where works of the greatest Russian painters and sculptors are stored.

The main building of the museum, Mikhailovsky Palace, was built for youngest son Paul I, Michael. The architect was Carl Rossi. After the death of the Grand Duke, his heirs sold the palace to the city treasury.

In 1895, the Russian Museum named after the Emperor was established in the palace building. Alexandra III according to the decree of Nicholas II. This is how the glorious history of the Russian Museum began.

The basis of the permanent collection are paintings that once belonged to the Hermitage, the Academy of Arts and the Winter Palace.

Some of the paintings were purchased from private collectors, some were donated by patrons.

Emperor Nicholas II donated his own funds to purchase new exhibits. In the first ten years, the collection almost doubled.

During the years of revolution and war, none of the exhibits were damaged. Some were evacuated to the Urals, some were hidden in the basement of the building.

IN currently Research work is being carried out in the museum building; the Department of Restoration of Museum Property is considered the best in Russia. Art objects from all over the country are brought here to restore their former appearance.

What you need to know about the museum

All paintings of the State Russian Museum were created by Russian artists(or artists who lived in Russia) - from ancient pre-Mongol icons (of course by Andrei Rublev, Dionysius and Semyon Ushakov) to painting of the second half of the 19th century and modern art.

In the most large halls The Mikhailovsky Palace is represented by paintings by members of the Imperial Academy of Arts; in the smaller halls you can see paintings of the Wanderers ( famous painting Repin, Surikov, Savrasov, Shishkin, Vasnetsov, Levitan and so on).

The Benois building (annex of the Mikhailovsky Palace) houses famous Russian avant-garde art. Unfortunately, this is where the composition of the Russian museum ends.

Museum staff often organize lectures, meetings with historians and interesting people, collaborate with the best art collections and oversee the work of about 700 museums throughout Russia.

Contact Information

Opening hours of the Russian Museum: from 10 to 17, it is closed on Tuesday.

If you are afraid of queues, then it is better not to go there on Monday. On this day the Hermitage is closed and all tourists come here.

Better postpone your visit to Thursday and Friday.

According to museum staff, there is less tourist flow these days.

Another little trick: On the side of the Benoit building there are another ticket office, but for some reason few people know about them. The queue there is much shorter. But the museum's exhibition will have to be viewed in reverse chronological order(that is, from avant-garde artists to ancient icons).

The ticket price for adult citizens of the Russian Federation is 250 rubles, for students - 150 rubles.

For 600 rubles. (reduced price - 300) you can buy a ticket for three days. The price includes visits to all five buildings.

Unfortunately, the official website of the Russian Museum rusmuseum.ru is not very informative, and there are no ticket reservations on it either. All events from the life of the museum can be found in the group of the same name “ In contact with ».

Paintings in the Russian Museum

Kazimir Malevich, Self-Portrait

Venerable Sergius of Radonezh, Mikhail Nesterov

Reason, Viggo Wallenskold

Diner, Ralph Goings

Our Lady of Tenderness evil hearts, Petrov-Vodkin

Running, Alexander Deineka

Anyone who loves Russian painting has probably been to the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg (opened in 1897). Of course have . But it is in the Russian Museum that the main masterpieces of such artists as Repin, Bryullov, Aivazovsky are kept.

If we remember Bryullov, we immediately think of his masterpiece “The Last Day of Pompeii”. If you talk about Repin, then the picture “Barge Haulers on the Volga” appears in your head. If we remember Aivazovsky, we will remember “The Ninth Wave”.

And this is not the limit. “Night on the Dnieper” and “Merchant’s Wife”. These iconic paintings by Kuindzhi and Kustodiev are also in the Russian Museum.

Any guide will show you these works. And you yourself are unlikely to pass by them. So I simply have to tell you about these masterpieces.

Adding a couple of my favorites, albeit not the most “promoted” ones (“Akhmatova” by Altman and “The Last Supper” by Ge).

1. Bryullov. The last day of Pompeii. 1833

Karl Bryullov. The last day of Pompeii. 1833 State Russian Museum

4 years of preparation. Another 1 year of continuous work with paints and brushes. Several fainting spells in the workshop. And here is the result - 30 square meters, which depict the last minutes of life of the inhabitants of Pompeii (in the 19th century the name of the city was female).

For Bryullov, everything was not in vain. I think there was no artist in the world whose painting, just one painting, would have created such a sensation.

People flocked to the exhibition to see the masterpiece. Bryullov was literally carried in their arms. He was dubbed the revived one. And Nicholas I honored the artist with a personal audience.

What struck Bryullov’s contemporaries so much? And even now it will not leave the viewer indifferent.

We see a very tragic moment. In a few minutes all these people will die. But this doesn’t put us off. Because we are fascinated by... Beauty.

The beauty of people. The beauty of destruction. The beauty of disaster.

Look how harmonious everything is. The red hot sky goes perfectly with the red clothes of the girls on the right and left. And how spectacularly two statues fall under a lightning strike. I'm not even talking about the athletic figure of a man on a rearing horse.

On the one hand, the picture is about a real disaster. Bryullov copied the poses of people from those who died in Pompeii. The street is also real; it can still be seen in the city cleared of ashes.

But the beauty of the characters makes what happened look like an ancient myth. As if the beautiful gods were angry with beautiful people. And we are not so sad.

2. Aivazovsky. Ninth wave. 1850

Ivan Aivazovsky. Ninth wave. 221 x 332 cm. 1850 Russian Museum, St. Petersburg. Wikipedia.org

This is Aivazovsky's most famous painting. Which even people far from art know. Why is she so famous?

People are always fascinated by the struggle between man and the elements. Preferably with happy ending.

There is more than enough of this in the picture. It couldn't be more action-packed. Six survivors desperately cling to the mast. A large wave rolls nearby, the ninth wave. Another one follows her. People face a long and terrible struggle for life.

But it's already dawn. The sun breaking through the torn clouds is hope for salvation.

Aivazovsky’s poetry, just like Bryullov’s, is stunningly beautiful. Of course, the sailors have a hard time. But we can’t help but admire the transparent waves, sun glare and lilac sky.

Therefore, this painting produces the same effect as the previous masterpiece. Beauty and drama in one bottle.

3. Ge. Last Supper. 1863

Nikolay Ge. Last Supper. 283 x 382 cm. 1863 State Russian Museum. Tanais.info

The two previous masterpieces of Bryullov and Aivazovsky were received with delight by the public. But with Ge’s masterpiece everything was more complicated. Dostoevsky, for example, did not like her. She seemed too down to earth to him.

But the churchmen were most dissatisfied. They were even able to achieve a ban on the release of reproductions. That is, the general public could not see it. Right up until 1916!

Why such a mixed reaction to the picture?

Remember how the Last Supper was depicted before Ge. At least . A table along which Christ and the 12 apostles sit and eat. Judas is among them.

For Nikolai Ge, everything is different. Jesus reclines. Which was exactly in line with the Bible. This is exactly how the Jews ate food 2000 years ago, in the Eastern way.

Christ has already made his terrible prediction that one of his disciples will betray him. He already knows that it will be Judas. And asks him to do what he has in mind without delay. Judas leaves.

And just at the door we seem to encounter him. He throws his cloak over himself to go into the darkness. Both directly and figuratively. His face is almost invisible. And his ominous shadow falls on those who remain.

Unlike Bryullov and Aivazovsky, there are more complex emotions here. Jesus deeply but humbly feels the betrayal of his disciple.

Peter is outraged. He has a hot character, he jumped up and looked after Judas in bewilderment. John cannot believe what is happening. He is like a child who has encountered injustice for the first time.

And there are less than twelve apostles. Apparently, for Ge it was not so important to fit everyone in. For the church, this was fundamental. Hence the censorship bans.

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4. Repin. Barge Haulers on the Volga. 1870-1873

Ivan Repin. Barge Haulers on the Volga. 131.5 x 281 cm. 1870-1873. State Russian Museum. Wikipedia.org

Ilya Repin saw barge haulers for the first time on the Niva. And I was so struck by their pitiful appearance, especially in contrast to the summer residents vacationing nearby, that the decision to paint the picture immediately matured.

Repin did not paint sleek summer residents. But there is still contrast in the picture. The dirty rags of the barge haulers are contrasted with the idyllic landscape.

Maybe for the 19th century it didn’t look so provocative. But for modern man this type of employee seems depressing.

Moreover, Repin depicted a steamship in the background. Which could be used as a tug so as not to torture people.

In reality, barge haulers were not so disadvantaged. They were fed well and were always allowed to sleep after lunch. And during the season they earned so much that in the winter they could feed themselves without working.

Repin took a highly horizontally elongated canvas for the painting. And he chose the angle of view well. The barge haulers come towards us, but do not block each other. We can easily consider each of them.

And the most important barge hauler with the face of a sage. And a young guy who can’t get used to the strap. And the penultimate Greek, who looks back at the goner.

Repin was personally acquainted with everyone in the harness. He had long conversations with them about life. That's why they turned out to be so different, each with their own character.

5. Kuindzhi. Moonlit night on the Dnieper. 1880

Arkhip Kuindzhi. Moonlit night on the Dnieper. 105 x 144 cm. 1880. State Russian Museum. Rusmuseum.ru

“Moonlit Night on the Dnieper” is the most famous work Kuindzhi. And no wonder. The artist himself very effectively introduced her to the public.

He organized personal exhibition. It was dark in the exhibition hall. Only one lamp was directed at the only painting in the exhibition, “Moonlit Night on the Dnieper.”

People looked at the picture in fascination. The bright greenish light of the moon and the lunar path was hypnotizing. The outlines of a Ukrainian village are visible. Only part of the walls, illuminated by the moon, protrudes from the darkness. Silhouette of a mill against the backdrop of an illuminated river.

The effect of realism and fantasy at the same time. How did the artist achieve such “special effects”?

In addition to mastery, Mendeleev also had a hand here. He helped Kuindzhi create a paint composition that shimmered especially in the twilight.

It would seem that the artist has an amazing quality. Be able to promote your own work. But he did it unexpectedly. Almost immediately after this exhibition, Kuindzhi spent 20 years as a recluse. He continued to paint, but did not show his paintings to anyone.

Even before the exhibition, the painting was purchased by Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich (grandson of Nicholas I). He was so attached to the painting that he took it trip around the world. The salty, humid air contributed to the darkening of the canvas. Alas, that hypnotic effect cannot be returned.

6. Altman. Portrait of Akhmatova. 1914

Nathan Altman. Portrait of Anna Akhmatova. 123 x 103 cm. 1914 State Russian Museum. Rusmuseum.ru

Altman’s “Akhmatova” is very bright and memorable. Speaking about the poetess, many will remember this particular portrait of her. Surprisingly, she didn’t like him herself. The portrait seemed strange and “bitter” to her, judging by her poems.

In fact, even the poetess’s sister admitted that in those days revolutionary years Akhmatova was like that. A true representative of modernity.

Young, slender, tall. Her angular figure is perfectly echoed by the “shrubs” in the cubist style. And a bright blue dress goes well with a sharp knee and a protruding shoulder.

He managed to convey the appearance of a stylish and extraordinary woman. However, he himself was like that.

Altman did not understand artists who could work in a dirty studio and not notice the crumbs in their beard. He himself was always dressed to the nines. And he even sewed underwear to order according to his own sketches.

It was also difficult to deny him his originality. Once he caught cockroaches in his apartment, he painted them different colors. He painted one gold, called him a “laureate” and released him with the words “That cockroach will be surprised!”

7. Kustodiev. Merchant's wife having tea. 1918

Boris Kustodiev. Merchant's wife having tea. 120 x 120 cm. 1918. State Russian Museum. Artchive.ru

“The Merchant's Wife” by Kustodiev is a cheerful picture. On it we see a good, well-fed world of merchants. A heroine with skin lighter than the sky. A cat with a face similar to the face of its owner. A pot-bellied, polished samovar. Watermelon on a rich dish.

What might we think of an artist who painted such a picture? That the artist knows a lot about a well-fed life. What does he like curvy women. And that he is clearly a lover of life.

And here's how it really happened.

If you noticed, the picture was painted during the revolutionary years. The artist and his family lived extremely poorly. Thoughts only about bread. Hard life.

Why such abundance when there is devastation and hunger all around? So Kustodiev tried to capture a beautiful life that was irretrievably gone.

What about the ideal female beauty? Yes, the artist said that thin women do not inspire him to create. Nevertheless, in life he preferred just such people. His wife was also slender.

Kustodiev was cheerful. Which is amazing, since by the time the picture was painted he had already been chained to wheelchair. He was diagnosed with bone tuberculosis back in 1911.

Kustodiev's attention to detail is very unusual for the time when the avant-garde flourished. We see every drying item on the table. People walking near the Gostiny Dvor. And a fine fellow trying to keep his horse running. All this looks like a fairy tale, a fable. Which once existed, but ended.

Summarize:

If you want to see the main masterpieces of Repin, Kuindzhi, Bryullov or Aivazovsky, go to the Russian Museum.

“The Last Day of Pompeii” by Bryullov is about the beauty of the disaster.

“The Ninth Wave” by Aivazovsky is about the scale of the elements.

“The Last Supper” by Ge is about the awareness of imminent betrayal.

“Barge Haulers” by Repin is about a hired worker in the 19th century.

“Moonlit Night on the Dnieper” is about the soul of light.

“Portrait of Akhmatova” by Altman is about the ideal of a modern woman.

“The Merchant's Wife” by Kustodiev is about an era that cannot be returned.

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