Historical memory is not only the past, but also the present and future of humanity. Memory is kept in books. The society referred to in the work has lost books, forgetting about the most important human values. People have become easy to manage. Man completely submitted to the state, because books did not teach him to think, analyze, criticize, rebel. The experience of previous generations has disappeared without a trace for most people. Guy Montag, who decided to go against the system and try to read books, became an enemy of the state, a prime candidate for destruction. Memory stored in books is a great value, the loss of which puts the entire society at risk.

A.P. Chekhov "Student"

Theological seminary student Ivan Velikopolsky tells unknown women episode from the Gospel. It's about about the apostle Peter's denial of Jesus. The women react to what was told unexpectedly for the student: tears flow from their eyes. People cry about events that happened long before they were born. Ivan Velikopolsky understands: the past and the present are inextricably linked. The memory of the events of past years transports people to other eras, to other people, makes them empathize and have compassion for them.

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

It is not always worth talking about memory on a historical scale. Pyotr Grinev remembered his father’s words about honor. At any life situation he acted with dignity, enduring the trials of fate with courage. The memory of parents, military duty, high moral principles - all this predetermined the actions of the hero.

War is the worst thing, the most creepy word, which only exists in the world. Just his pronunciation gives you goosebumps and makes you feel uneasy.

Wars claim thousands of lives. They destroy everything around. They bring hunger. Reading about past wars, we understand how much the people who stood for us to the death did for us. Nobody asked them if they wanted to fight. They were presented with a fact, forced. And, putting all their strength, they won.

There are very few veterans left these days. One day, the guys and I were lucky enough to visit a veteran. We went to see him as part of school curriculum. He was the only one left in our city.

It was a man. You can say - grandfather. He greeted us warmly and smiled. At that moment I almost burst into tears. And when he talked about the fact that he only has a sister who lives in another country and that his wife died several years ago, I couldn’t hold back. You know, this grandfather's standard of living is worse than many of us. And that's wrong. People who defended our present should live happily and not need anything. And our veteran doesn’t even have water in his house. He has to go to the well and collect it in buckets. Then drag it into the house.

No one can help an elderly person who needs help. Is this fair?

He told a lot of interesting and frightening things at the same time. You won't find this in history books. Arriving home, each of us was impressed. We took a different look at the war, at the people who went through it. And that's what I want to say. We must remember and honor all those who had to find out what it is. We must give them our respect. We must help and say thank you every day for the fact that we have a future. That we see a blue sky above our heads, and not black from smoke.

The memory of accomplished feats should always live. People simply have to carry it through generations without missing anything. After all, every word, every action is incredibly important. Their courage is worthy of perpetuation. Memorable places should not be forgotten!

We must remember all the heroes who saved us. Our country. Our lives.

Essay 2

Who among the people does not shudder when they hear the word “war”? It was not for nothing that my grandmother agreed to everything - as long as there was no war, about which she learned a lot from her grandmother’s stories. Any war, even a modern one, with its “targeted” strikes, means suffering, blood and death. What can we say about our most terrible pain and greatest joy - the Great Patriotic War. Victory certainly brought joy. But we still had to live to see it, both at the front and in the rear. Sweat, blood, death and hope - this is the quintessence of war.

My great-great-grandfather went to the front with the Moscow militia and went missing near Vyazma. As I just found out, he had “armor” - that’s what they call a reprieve from military service. Yakov Emelyanovich was a professional baker and was needed in the rear, but he took off this “armor” and went to the front. Poorly armed and inept militias died, but detained the Germans rushing to Moscow. At the cost of their lives and the many years of suffering of their relatives. His wife Anna Ivanovna had been waiting for him for twenty-five years. She hoped that he was not killed, but in captivity or in an invalid's home. She hoped, waited and raised five children. I waited and hoped.

We must bow from the waist to the people who invented and organized the action “ Immortal Regiment" This is a real memory of the war, and not an overly cheerful propaganda imitation of it. I, with my whole family and a portrait of my great-great-grandfather, took part in the march of a small part of this “regiment” twice on May 9th. I saw sincere sadness and interest of people carrying portraits of their front-line relatives. They remember them. They remember their feat, are sad and at the same time filled with pride for them - the defenders of their Fatherland. As long as the idea and practice of this popular movement is alive, the memory of the war will be alive.

Calls are often made to stop bringing up the past and think only about today. They say that soon there will be no one left alive, even those born during the war, and not just those who went through it. But the memory of the war is also needed because it is not necessary for the dead, it is needed for the living. So that someone would not be able to try again to realize their crazy ideas by starting a global war.

Memory of the war (3rd option)

Any event is somehow preserved in the memory of many people, leaving a peculiar trace in it, which consists of images, approximate outlines, and of course the feelings that a person experienced during that event. The memory of this event can be passed down from generation to generation, or it can simply remain forgotten and useless information, but this does not always happen, as, for example, happens with bad memories, and, unfortunately, bad things are remembered much better than anything else.

Any war will serve as an example. War in itself is a terrible event, which always leads to a chain of enormous death, destruction, and grief. War is an event that is forever reflected in the minds of many generations, since the memory of the war also carries a guiding message. After all, if a person remembers the war, remembers the horrors it brought to a peaceful land, then he will try to never allow war to happen again, and will do everything so that war does not exist anymore, this is the advantage of remembering terrible events - they force remember that this should never be repeated.

War also affects many other things, not just the people themselves. War is a process engulfed in horror, a process that will forever leave a mark on the land, which unfortunately witnessed bloodshed. War monuments, mass graves, bomb craters, torn out pieces of earth from explosions will forever remain on this land. Nothing can erase this event from history. But this is not bad, because the next generations will remember this, remember the exploits that were accomplished before them, this will motivate them to go further, to create a world where there is no more war and pain, where there is no cruelty, and where there is no bloodshed, they will create better world, remembering the old terrible thing.

In conclusion, we can say that any memory is important. Any memory, any event that, one way or another, left its mark on history has enormous value, but the most valuable memories in world culture will be memories of wars. Because war is the most terrible thing invented by man. Memories of those horrors that we must try not to repeat again. And therefore, the next generations will remember those who had the opportunity to participate in the war, those who learned from their own experience all its horrors and disgusting things that happened at that undoubtedly terrible time.

The image and characteristics of Kazbich in the novel Hero of Our Time by Lermontov essay

Kazbich is a robber, a horseman. He is not afraid of anything and, like any other Caucasian, takes care of his honor and dignity

Analysis of the work The Sorrows of Young Werther by Goethe

Novel "Suffering" young Werther"became one of the most outstanding works in German literature. In this work, twenty-five-year-old Johann Wolfgang von Goethe describes the unhappy love of the young man Werther for the girl Charlotte.

Essay on the Unified State Exam according to the text:" Brest Fortress. It is very close to Moscow: the train runs for less than 24 hours. Everyone who visits those parts definitely comes to the fortress... " (according to B.L. Vasiliev).

Full text

(1) Brest Fortress. (2) It is very close to Moscow: the train runs for less than 24 hours. (3) Everyone who visits those parts must come to the fortress. (4) They don’t speak loudly here: the days of the forty-first year were too deafening and these stones remember too much. (b) Discreet guides accompany groups to the battlefields, and you can go down into the basements of the 333rd regiment, touch bricks melted by flamethrowers, go to the Terespol and Kholm gates, or stand silently under the arches of the former church. (6) Take your time. (7) Remember. (8) And bow down. (9) In the museum they will show you weapons that once fired, and soldier’s shoes that someone hastily laced in the early morning of June 22. (10) They will show you the personal belongings of the defenders and tell you how they went crazy with thirst, giving water to children... (11) And you will certainly stop near the banner - the only banner that has been found in the fortress so far. (12) But they are looking for banners. (13) They are looking because the fortress did not surrender, and the Germans did not capture a single battle banner here. (14) The fortress did not fall. (15) The fortress bled to death. (16) Historians do not like legends, but they will certainly tell you about an unknown defender whom the Germans managed to capture only in the tenth month of the war. (17) On the tenth, in April 1942. (18) This man fought for almost a year. (19) A year of fighting in the unknown, without neighbors to the left and right, without orders and rear support, without shifts and letters from home. (20) Time has not revealed his name or rank, but we know that he was a Soviet soldier. (21) Every year on June 22, the Brest Fortress solemnly and sadly marks the beginning of the war. (22) The surviving defenders arrive, wreaths are laid, and the guard of honor freezes. (23) Every year on June 22 the earliest train arrives in Brest old woman. (24) She is in no hurry to leave the noisy station and has never been to the fortress. (25) It goes out onto the square, where a marble slab hangs at the entrance to the station: FROM JUNE 22 TO JULY 2, 1941, UNDER THE LEADERSHIP OF LIEUTENANT NIKOLAY (surname unknown) AND Sergeant-Major PAVL BASNEV, MILITARY SERVANTS AND RAILWAY WORKERS HEROICLY DEFENDED THE STATION L. (26) The old woman reads this inscription all day. (27) Standing next to her, as if on a guard of honor. (28) Leaves. (29) Brings flowers. (30) And again he stands and reads again. (31) Reads one name. (32) Seven letters: "NICHOLAY". (ZZ) The noisy station lives normal life. (34) Trains come and go, announcers announce that people should not forget their tickets, music thunders, people laugh loudly. (35) And an old woman stands quietly near the marble plaque. (36) There is no need to explain anything to her: it is not so important where our sons lie. (37) The only thing that matters is what they fought for.

An article by Russian writer Boris Vasiliev makes us think whether we remember those soldiers who defended our country, us, from the black plague of fascism. The problem of memory of the Great Patriotic War is raised by the author of the article. There are many museums in our country dedicated to heroic soldiers. One of them is the museum of the defenders of the Brest Fortress.

The author’s position is clearly expressed in the words: “Don’t rush. Remember. And bow down." The author calls modern youth remember those who gave us free life, saved our state, our people. And the most important thing is what they fought for, and they fought for our future.

I completely agree with the author of the article. We have no right to forget those who died in this bloody massacre; we must know and honor their graves, their monuments. You cannot live without touching this, because this is our history. This must be remembered and knowledge passed on to future generations.

Many Russian writers raised the topic of war in their works. Great works have been written about the heroic exploits of Soviet soldiers. This is “The Fate of Man” by M. Sholokhov, and “Soldiers Are Not Born” by K. Simonov, and “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” by B. Vasiliev, and many, many others. After reading Sholokhov’s story “The Fate of Man,” for a long time I could not move away from the state into which he introduced me. Andrei Sokolov has experienced a lot. The fate that came during the war is the most difficult. But, despite all the difficulties, having gone through all the horror of captivity and concentration camps, Sokolov was able to retain within himself human feelings of kindness and compassion.

Also, B. Vasiliev in his story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet” talks about ordinary Soviet girls who were not afraid of an enemy many times superior to them and fulfilled their military duty: they did not allow the Germans to get to the railway tracks in order to blow them up. The girls paid for their brave deed with their lives.

We cannot forget what freedom cost our country. We must remember those who laid down their lives for the future of their descendants. Honor the memory and teach this to your children, passing on the memory of the war from generation to generation.

IN this text V. Astafiev raises an important moral problem, the problem of memory of the war.

The writer talks about the trepidation and caution with which his friend and he himself treat the memory of “the greatest thing that happened in our lives.” The author condemns those who “earn their position and build a career by chattering about war,” and cites the example of his friend, a participant in the war, who for a long time did not dare to write about his experiences, because “one cannot babble on holy words in vain.”

V. Astafiev believes that the memory of fallen friends can be insulted by an awkward word, clumsy thoughts, “therefore, lying about the war, writing poorly about the suffering of the people is shameful.”

The poet Konstantin Simonov, who during the war years worked as a correspondent for the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper and was constantly in the active army, dedicated vivid lines to the problem of memory:

Don't forget about the soldiers

That they fought

with all his might,

They moaned in bandages in the medical battalions

And so they hoped for peace!

I am sure that none of those soldiers about whom K. Simonov wrote will ever be forgotten, and their feat will forever remain in the memory of posterity.

The problem of memory of the war also arises in modern cinema. Not so long ago, Ivan Shurkhovetsky’s science fiction film “Fog” was released. The main characters are young soldiers of the 21st century, who were making a forced march and decided to take a shortcut, find themselves in a strong fog and, emerging from it, find themselves in 1941, in the midst of the war. Having returned to their time, young people understand how important the memory of those terrible days.

Thus, I can say with confidence: the memory of the war will forever remain in human hearts, we will always honor those who won a great Victory for the world.

P. S. Based on the collection by N. A. Senina 2013, pp. 322-323

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Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested this work, please download the full version.

Lesson objectives:

1. instilling a sense of patriotism, respect, and attention to war participants;
2. Creation problematic situation in order to provoke students into a dialogue, a discussion that allows everyone to express their point of view;
3. developing the ability to analyze the unfamiliar literary work based on the skills acquired in the lessons, compose own opinion about him, see the author's position.

During the classes

I. Teacher's opening speech.

The history of mankind is, unfortunately, the history of wars, large and small. Kulikovo Field, Borodino, Kursk Bulge... Russian land, watered with the blood of Russian people. From time immemorial, Russian people have fulfilled their duty to protect native land. And in the 20th century this share did not pass our country. The most cruel and bloody war in the history of mankind came to our land on June 22, 1941.

• Why is this year significant for our country?

Yes, 65 years have passed since the end of the Great Patriotic War. Why do many writers continue to talk about it? Vasil Bykov: “Because that feat, the memory of it, no matter how much time passes, will not cool down in our hearts.” Vladimir Vysotsky:

And when it thunders, when it burns out and pays off,
And when our horses get tired of galloping under us,
And when our girls change their overcoats to dresses,
I wouldn’t forget then, I wouldn’t forgive and I wouldn’t lose.

War is an event that had to not only be experienced, but also comprehended. And therefore, again and again, writers and poets take up their pens and talk about the lessons of the Great Patriotic War.

Yes, we did everything we could,
Who could, as much as he could and how he could.
And we were the burning sun,
And we walked along hundreds of roads.
Yes, everyone was wounded, shell-shocked,
And every fourth person was killed.
And the Fatherland personally needs
And personally will not be forgotten, - poet Boris Slutsky speaks on behalf of the front-line soldiers.

Please think about the last line of this poem: And personally will not be forgotten, which echoes the well-known words of R. Rozhdestvensky: No one is forgotten and nothing is forgotten.

Is it so?

II. Statement of a problematic question.

Yes, we are accustomed to ceremonial television broadcasts from Red Square on Victory Day about the ceremonial laying of wreaths at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. For the 50th anniversary of the Victory, a memorial was erected at Poklonnaya Hill, and everyone who comes here meets bell ringing and the call: “Let us bow to those great years...” And every year you and I come to our village square to the obelisk in honor of the Sosvintsy participants in the Great Patriotic War, we annually participate in the Memory Watch in our village and at post No. 1 in the city. Yekaterinburg. We have a Museum of Military Glory at our school.

So we can say that, yes, indeed, “no one is forgotten, and nothing is forgotten”? Or is it different?

I invite you today to a conversation about memory.

What does it mean to remember? How should you remember?

Let's turn to the epigraph to the lesson. These are the words of R. Rozhdestvensky from his poem “Requiem”:

This is not what the dead need!
This is necessary alive!

Do we need it, living 65 years after Great Victory, remember those years?

And our contemporaries will help us figure this out: the poet Andrei Voznesensky and the writer Boris Vasiliev. Their works: the poem “Ditch” and the story “Exhibit No...” are devoted to the theme of memory.

III. IOZ – message about writers (Natasha N. and Renat N.)

IV. Conversation on the poem by A. Voznesensky “Ditch”.

Natasha N. said that reading the works of A. Voznesensky is not easy, he has an original style of writing. Did you feel it? Is what you read a poem? What does the poet himself write about this? (“Is what I’m writing a poem? A cycle of poems? That’s what interests me the least…”)

But a completely different question occupies him. And it doesn’t just occupy you, it doesn’t give you the strength to remain silent. He could only scream. And this poem is a cry, a poem is pain, a poem is an accusation, the indignant feeling of the poet.

What excited the poet so much that it was the reason for writing the poem “Ditch”? (students' answers).

The poet was shocked by this incident. And it made me think about a lot of things. Read the lines that convey the poet's indignation.

What name does Andrei Voznesensky give to this disease? What do you call people who do evil?
(IOP - vocabulary work– interpretation of the word “greed”, Natasha Yu.)
The poet is trying to get to the reasons, to the deep roots of this disease. He sees his task as follows: “The more evil I collect on the pages,” he assures, “the less of it will remain in life.”

What does the poet see as the reason for the sacrilege being committed? Criminal or spiritual process- the main thing for him? (chapter “Sin”)

What he learned and saw there, near Simferopol, forces the poet to look at everything that is happening in a new way, to feel more strongly the full weight of responsibility for the environment. This is how the chapter “Lake” appears in the poem.

What is its semantic load? How is it connected to the main events of the poem?
The environment is scary
The ecology of the spirit is worse!(chapter “Introduction”)
Thus, the main thing for the poet is the ecology of the spirit, not nature. The poet concludes: main reason crime - in the lack of spirituality of people, in the absence of serious mental work, the work of the soul, in the oblivion of moral principles.

But there are real people, those who do not blame time for all sins, but take responsibility for themselves! This can be seen from the chapters dedicated to Chernobyl: “Man” and “Hospital”. Here we are talking about real heroes who showed courage, heroism, the best human qualities during …

The poet’s words sound like a refrain: “Because he is a man!”
Many of these people will die. But this is another question: which of them is deader? The new snouts digging up corpses near Simferopol are the dead themselves. Spiritually, morally, and not physically decayed.

And there is an eternal dispute, an eternal battle between good and evil, light and darkness, between the living and the dead. (expressive reading of the chapter “Fight”)

In that main meaning the poem, what it was written for. Even through the darkest pictures, through the mood of hopelessness and painful disgust, a bright, pure feeling of hope shines through in the poem. The poet hopes that the very concept of “greed” will disappear (chapter “Epilogue”)

How do we imagine the poet himself, his civil position?

So, A. Voznesensky told us about an incredible, stunning, out-of-the-ordinary case. And in B. Vasiliev’s story “Exhibit No...” we are talking about more ordinary things that can happen to us.

V. Conversation based on Boris Vasiliev’s story “Exhibit No...”.

Judging by B. Vasiliev’s works about the war, we are sure that the writer reverently treats the memory of the war. He wants us, the readers, to know about the heroic deeds of people during the war and to honor their memory. It is for this purpose that Military Museums are created and exist. military glory. There is such a Museum in our school. It is clear that in order to create a new or update an old exhibition, it is necessary to contact veterans and their relatives with a request to transfer some documents or things to the museum. Seems like a good deal...

• Why does the writer B. Vasiliev rebel against this in the story “Exhibit No...” What is he indignant about?

Conversation on questions:

1. Tell us about the life of a Moscow communal apartment during the war.
2. What were her son’s letters for Anna Fedotovna? ​​How were letters different from a funeral?
   • Analysis of the episode “At the TV” (according to plan).
   • Expressive reading by heart A. Dementyev’s poem “The Ballad of the Mother”.
3. Describe the actions of the children who came to Anna Fedotovna.
4. How did Anna Fedotovna’s life change after the letters were stolen?
5. How the writer was able to show the incommensurability of the mother’s grief and memory with next event held at school?
6. What does Boris Vasiliev’s story teach? How should you remember?

Thus, we are convinced that the problem of memory of the war is not so simple. And if at the beginning of the lesson we named the facts indicating that our people honor veterans and remember them, now we will try to list the negative aspects in our attitude towards them. (“novoryly” are digging ditches where those executed were buried; in areas occupied during the war, there are still many unburied remains of our soldiers; a regimental banner was found at the Trinity landfill near Moscow; military orders and medals have become the subject of purchase and sale at flea markets; some young men light a cigarette from the Eternal Flame... And we remember veterans only on holidays).

Is it possible not to think about it? Don't worry about it? The main problem our society is not economic, not socio-political, not environmental problems, but the problem is moral. Spiritual poverty, a deadened conscience, a heart deaf to the pain of others—this is the cause of many of our troubles. The old wisdom says: “Do not cry for the dead - cry for those who have lost their soul and conscience.” It is memory that awakens our conscience and gives us no peace.

The theme of memory in modern literature very multifaceted. It affects many moral problems. This is the problem of forgetting the roots of one’s ancestors, the problem of loss of kindness, cordiality, conscience, etc. that is why these problems are raised again and again modern writers on the pages of their works.

Do you remember? Do you know about your relatives who participated in the Great Patriotic War?

VI. Speeches by Alena U. and Alexey K. about their relatives who died during the Great Patriotic War.

VII. Summing up the lesson.

So, let's summarize our conversation, answer the question that we identified at the beginning of the lesson: why do we need the memory of the war? How should you remember? (students' answers are heard).

We outlined the topic of the lesson with a line from A.T.’s poem. Tvardovsky: “Pain calls out to people.” Who will remind you of all the quatrains?

The war has passed, the suffering has passed,
But pain calls to people:
Come on people, never
Let's not forget about this!

So let’s remember “at what price happiness is won”, let’s treat the elderly people living next to us with care, let’s remember the war participants not only on the days of anniversary celebrations... And on the bright and bitter (“with tears in our eyes”) Victory Day Let us bow to their blessed memory!

(recording of A. Pakhmutova’s song “Let’s bow to those great years” sounds)

Homework: write an essay “What does it mean to remember?”