Modern system chronology dates back just over two thousand years after the birth of Jesus Christ and several hundred centuries before this event. However, before the advent of Christian chronology, different nations had their own ways of measuring time. Slavic tribes are no exception. Long before the rise of Christianity, they had their own calendar.

Origin of the word "calendar"

According to official version, the term “calendar” comes from Latin. In ancient Rome, debt interest was paid on the first day of each month, and data about them was recorded in a debt book called calendarium. Later, it was from the title of the book that the word “calendar” came to the Slavs with Christianity.

Some scientists believe that this term comes from the phrase “ Kolyadin Dar"(a gift from Kolyada), which was used to refer to chronology. Slavic origin researchers consider it quite possible. Some of them are sure that the Romans borrowed the word “calendar” from the Slavs, and not vice versa. Judge for yourself: there is no translation of the word calendarium, as well as an explanation of how it is connected with debts and books. After all, in Latin debt is debitum, and book is libellus.

Calculation from the Nativity of Christ

Today our era from the birth of Christ is more than 2000 years old. However, the tradition of counting years this way has been used for about a thousand years, because even with the recognition of Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire, years continued to be counted from important worldly dates. For the Romans, this was the year of the founding of Rome, for the Jews - the year of the destruction of Jerusalem, for the Slavs - the year of the creation of the world in the Star Temple.

But one day the Roman monk Dionysius, while compiling Easter tables, got confused among various systems chronology. Then he came up with a universal system, the starting point of which would be the year of Christ’s birth. Dionysius calculated the approximate date of this event and henceforth used the chronology called “from the Nativity of Christ.”

Spreading this system received 200 years later thanks to the monk Bede the Venerable, who used it in his historical work on the Anglo-Sanson tribes. Thanks to this book, the British nobility gradually switched to the Christian calendar, and after it the Europeans did so. But it took church authorities another 200 years to start using the Christian chronology system.

The transition to Christian chronology among the Slavs

In the Russian Empire, which at that time included many of the original Slavic lands of Belarus, Poland, Ukraine and other countries, the transition to the Christian calendar occurred from January 1, 1700 to Many believe that Tsar Peter hated and tried to eradicate everything Slavic, including the calendar, therefore introduced the Christian system of counting time. However, it is most likely that the king was simply trying to put such a confusing chronology in order. Slavic hostility most likely does not play a role here.

The fact is that with the advent of Christianity to the Slavs, the priests actively tried to convert the pagans to the Roman calendar. The people resisted and secretly adhered to the old calendar. Therefore, in Rus' there were actually 2 calendars: Roman and Slavic.

However, confusion soon began in the chronicles. After all, the Greek chroniclers used the Roman calendar, and the students of the monasteries Kievan Rus- Slavic chronology. Moreover, both calendars differed from the Dionysian calendar accepted in Europe. To solve this problem, Peter I ordered the forced transfer of the entire empire under his control to a chronology system dating from the Nativity of Christ. As practice has shown, it was also imperfect and in 1918 the country was transferred to a modern accounting

Sources of information about the ancient Slavic calendar

Today there is no reliable data about what the real ancient Slavic calendar looked like. The now popular “Circle of Chislobog” was reconstructed based on information from various historical sources more later periods. During reconstruction ancient Slavic calendar used the following sources:

• East Slavic folk ritual calendar. Written evidence about it dates back to the 17th-18th centuries. Despite such a “young” age, this calendar has preserved a lot of information about the life of the Slavs during the times of pagan Rus'.
• Church calendar "Months". In the process of Christianization of Rus', church authorities often celebrated Christian holidays on important pagan holidays. By comparing the dates of holidays from the Monthly Book with dates from other calendars, as well as from folklore sources, it is possible to calculate the time of important ancient Slavic holidays.
• IN XIX century At the site of the Vedic temple in Romania, about 400 gold plates with inscriptions were found, later called “Santii Dacov”. Some of them are over 2000 years old. This find not only indicates the presence of writing among the ancient Slavs, but is also a source of information about the eras of ancient Slavic history.
• Chronicles.
• Archaeological finds. Most often these are ritual ones depicting calendar symbols. The most informative are the clay vases of Chernyakhovskaya Slavic culture(III-IV centuries AD).

Epochs of the ancient Slavs

According to the information contained in the “Santii Dacov”, the history of the ancient Slavs dates back to 14 eras. The most important event that served as the starting point for the calendar was the convergence of the Solar and two other planetary systems, as a result of which earthlings observed three suns in the sky at once. This era was called the “Time of Three Suns” and was dated to the year 604,387 (relative to 2016).

• In 460,531, aliens from the constellation arrived on Earth Ursa Minor. They were called Da'Aryans, and this era was called the “Time of Gifts.”
• In 273,910, aliens arrived on Earth again, but this time from the constellation Orion. They were called Kh'Aryans, and in their honor the era is called "The Time of Kh'Arr."
• In 211,699, the next visit of alien beings took place, marking the beginning of the “Time of Swag.”
• In 185,779, the rise of one of the four most important cities of the continent of Daaria - Thule - began. This city was famous for its skilled craftsmen and flourished for almost 20,000 years. This period of time was called "Thule Time".
• In 165,043, Perun’s daughter, the goddess Tara, brought the Slavs many seeds, from which numerous forests subsequently grew - this is how the “Time of Tara” began.
• In 153,349, a grandiose war between Light and Darkness took place. As a result, one of Lutitium's satellites was destroyed, and its fragments became a ring of asteroids - this is the era of "Assa Dei".
• In 143,003, earthlings, with the help of scientific achievements, were able to drag a satellite from another planet, and the Earth, which at that time already had two satellites, now had three. In honor of this significant event the new era is called the “Three Moon Period.”
• In 111,819, one of the three moons was destroyed and its fragments fell to Earth, drowning the ancient continent of Daaria. However, its inhabitants escaped - the era of the “Great Migration from Daariya” began.
• In 106,791, the city of the Gods Asgard of Iria was founded on the Irtysh River, and new system chronology was carried out from the year of its foundation.
• In 44,560, all Slavic-Aryan clans united to live together in the same territory. From this moment on, the era of the “Creation of the Great Colo of Russia” began.
• In 40,017, Perun arrived on Earth and shared his knowledge with the priests, which caused a tremendous leap in the development of human technology. Thus began the era of the “Third Arrival of Vaitmana Perun”.
• In 13,021, another Earth satellite was destroyed and its fragments, falling on the planet, affected the tilt of the axis. As a result, the continents split and icing began, called the era of the “Great Cooling” (Cold). By the way, in terms of time, this period coincides with the last ice age of the Cenozoic era.

Modern humanity lives in an era that began counting years from the creation of the world in the Star Temple. The age of this era today is more than 7.5 thousand years.

St. George the Victorious and the era of the creation of the world in the Star Temple

As you know, the word “peace” has several meanings. Yes, the name modern era often interpreted as the time of creation of the Universe. However, “peace” also means reconciliation between warring parties. In this regard, the title “Creation of the World in the Star Temple” has a completely different interpretation.

Shortly before the first year "from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple" was celebrated, between Slavic tribes and there was a war between the Chinese. With huge losses, the Slavs managed to win, and on the day of the autumn equinox, peace was concluded between the two peoples. To celebrate this important event, it was made the starting point new era. Subsequently, in many works of art, this victory was allegorically depicted in the form of a knight (Slavs) and a slaying dragon (Chinese).

This symbol was so popular that with the advent of Christianity it could not be eradicated. Since the time Prince of Kyiv Yaroslav the Wise, the knight who defeated the dragon began to be officially called George (Yuri) the Victorious. Its significance for the Slavs is also evidenced by the fact that the cult of St. George the Victorious was very widespread among all Slavic tribes. In addition, in different times Kyiv, Moscow, and many other ancient Slavic cities depicted this saint on their coat of arms. Interestingly, the story of St. George is popular not only among Orthodox and Catholics, but also among Muslims.

The structure of the ancient Slavic calendar

Ancient Slavic calendar one full turn The Earth around the Sun is called summer, not year. It consists of three seasons: autumn (autumn), winter and spring. Each season included 3 months of 40-41 days each. A week in those days consisted of 9 days, and a day consisted of 16 hours. The Slavs did not have minutes and seconds, but they had parts, shares, moments, blinks, whitefish and centigs. It is difficult to even imagine what level the technology must have been if names existed for such short periods of time.

Years in this system were measured not in decades and centuries, as they are today, but in 144-year cycles: 16 years for each of the 9 constellations of the Svarog Circle.

Each ordinary year from the creation of the world consisted of 365 days. But the 16th leap year totaled as many as 369 days (each month in it consisted of 41 days).

New Year among the ancient Slavs

Unlike the modern calendar, in which New Year begins in the middle of winter, the Slavic chronology considered autumn to be the beginning of the year. Although the opinions of historians differ on this issue. Most scientists believe that the New Year was originally on the day of the autumn equinox, which helped the Slavs more accurately adjust the calendar from the creation of the world in the Star Temple. However, according to Byzantine tradition, they tried to move the beginning of the new year to the first month of spring. As a result, not only two calendars existed in parallel, but also two traditions of celebrating the New Year: in March (like the Romans) and in September (like in Byzantium and the Slavs).

Months among the ancient Slavs

The first month of the ancient Slavic nine-month calendar was called Ramhat (beginning September 20–23), followed by the winter months Aylet (October 31–November 3), Baylet (December 10–13), and Geilet (January 20–23).

The spring months were called Daylet (March 1-4), Eilet (April 11-14) and Veilet (May 21-24). Afterwards, autumn began, consisting of the months of Haylet (July 1-4) and Tailet (August 10-13). And the next, autumn month of Ramhat was the beginning of the New Year.

With the adoption of Christianity instead of Roman ones, they gave Slavic names to the months. With the establishment of a new calendar by Peter I, the Latin names were returned to the months. They remained in the modern Russian language, while the fraternal peoples retained or returned the usual Slavic names of the months.

It is not known for certain what they were called with the advent of Christianity before the reform of Peter I, however, there are several options reconstructed thanks to the folklore of various Slavic peoples.

Week among the Slavs

The question of the number of days in the week before the reform of Peter I remains controversial to this day. Many claim that there were 7 of them - hence the preserved names in all

However, if you think about the words from “The Little Humpbacked Horse”, it becomes surprising how the text of 1834 mentions such a day of the week as “oct”, which precedes another day - “week”.

It turns out that the memories of a nine-day week remained in the memory of the Slavs, which means that initially there were only 9 days.

How to calculate the year according to the ancient Slavic calendar?

Today, many Slavs are trying to return to the traditions of their ancestors, including their calendar.

But modern world living according to the Christian calendar requires a person to be able to navigate this system of counting years. Therefore, everyone using Slavic chronology(from the creation of the world), how to convert years from it to the Christian system, he must know. Despite the obvious differences between both chronology systems, this is easy to do. You need to add the number 5508 to any date in the Christian calendar (the difference in years between the systems) and it will be possible to convert the date to the Slavic chronology. What year it is now according to this system can be determined using the following formula: 2016+5508= 7525. However, it is worth considering that modern year begins in January, and for the Slavs - from September, so for more accurate calculations you can use an online calculator.

More than three hundred years have passed since the inhabitants of the Russian Empire stopped using the Slavic calendar. Despite its accuracy, today it is only history, but it should be remembered, since it not only included the wisdom of the ancestors, but was also part of the Slavic culture, which, despite the opinion of Peter I, was not only not inferior to European, but also was superior to her in some things.

There is such a thing in chronology as era. The point is that no matter what calendar year, he must have serial number, that is, counted from some starting date - the basis of chronology.

Actually, the term era itself is believed to be an abbreviation of the following phrase: “ab exordio regni Augusti”, i.e. “from the beginning of the reign of Augustus” (aera - era).

In this regard, we note that an era can be real - this is when the counting of years comes from some real event, for example, from the beginning of a reign, or fictitious - this is when the counting of years comes from some mythical event, for example, from the creation of the world .
As long as the count is consistent, this doesn't matter.

We know one such era - the Christian era, or chronology system from the Nativity of Christ.
It was created by the Roman monk Dionysius the Lesser in the 6th century. n. e. Then the so-called era of Diocletian was used, that is, the years were counted from the date of accession to the throne of the Roman Emperor Diocletian.
Dionysius somehow calculated that the year of Christ's birth took place 284 years before the beginning of the era of Diocletian, or, in other words, he equated the initial year of Diocletian's reign to 284 of the Christian era. The era of Dionysius was accepted throughout Christian Europe.

This was not the case in Russia at all. Since Christianity came to us from Byzantium, the Byzantine chronology system also came to us from there. from the creation of the world. This system was used in Russia until 1700, until by decree of Peter I Russia was transferred to the Christian era.

According to the Byzantine chronology system, 5508 years passed from the creation of the world to the birth of Christ. The year in it, as well as in the Christian system, was built on the basis of the Julian calendar.

It would seem that if the difference is only in the starting point, then the translation between eras is trivial, but in fact ancient Rus' to late XVII century, the new year began not in January, as in the Christian era, but in March (as in ancient Rome) or from September (as in Byzantium). That is, before the decree of Peter I, there were already two parallel calendar styles: the March style, according to which the new year fell on March 1, and the September style, with the new year coming on September 1.

Different styles change the calculation slightly, since in the March style the new year is two months behind the Christian new year, and in the September style, on the contrary, it is four months ahead of the Christian new year. Let's explain this with an example.

Let's assume the year March 7100 is indicated according to the “March style”. This corresponds to (7100-5508=1592) March 1592 from the Nativity of Christ.
If February 7100 is indicated according to the “March style”, that is, almost the end of the year, then it will correspond to February 1593 from the Nativity of Christ.

Now let's look at September 7100 according to the “September style”. This corresponds to September 1591 from the Nativity of Christ, but February 7100 according to the “September style” corresponds to February 1592.

At the same time, when dating events in the chronicles, naturally, it was not indicated which “style” was used. However, there are a lot of logical techniques that help researchers establish the style used in the chronicle. It is also known that since the end of the 15th century, the September style has practically replaced the March style (really, why look up to Rome). In addition, the March style had two more modifications - ultra-March and circus-March styles, but we will not go into such jungle.

Actually, the calculator below converts dates from our era to Old Russian (Byzantine), and serves more for entertainment. The task of reverse translation required to correctly date the chronicles, as shown above, is more complex and requires an analysis of the context to determine the style used in the chronicles.

A final word about months - since it was based on the ancient Roman (Julian) calendar, then in the most early sources the names of the months are found in the form closest to the Latin prototype, which have not yet acquired a Russified form, for example, June, July, August, and so on.

Today, shortly before the New Year, we would like to talk about the main calendars of the peoples of the world and the chronology systems that exist on the planet, because not everyone knows on what date it is customary to celebrate this very new year, and not everyone knows what year we are celebrating.

And it is not unusual that we are confused, because time is an amazing substance that cannot be touched or felt, the fourth dimension of our three-dimensional physical world. According to modern physicists - theorists, adherents of string theory, time doesn't exist.

But we are born, grow, mature, grow old and go somewhere... And our only constant companions on this planet are measures of time - seconds, minutes, hours, years. Despite the fact that our planet is not that big, we do not yet have a single calendar - a unified chronology system.

The main existing chronology systems

And, if in one part of the earth it is now 2014, then in another it is already 2500, in the third the 8th millennium has arrived! In this article we want to talk about some existing at the moment chronology systems various peoples peace. And let's start with ourselves, namely with our ancestors, calendars and chronology of the Slavic peoples.

Calculation and Calendars of the Slavs

Our ancestors, the Ancient Slavs, used a calendar that is now known as “Slavic Aryan” or “Vedic”. It is still used by the Ingliists - Old Believers, representatives of the most ancient movement of the Slavic Aryans.

And it’s good that they saved it, because in lately, All more people return to their roots and want to learn and use this valuable knowledge. Moreover, they are not outdated, but on the contrary, they provide answers to many questions that interest us today.

Slavic-Aryan calendar

The Slavic Aryan calendar was officially used in Rus' for 7208 years! And time in that calendar was measured by the “Circles of Life”. One circle of life was equal to 144 years (as a year was previously called).

In one circle of life, our planet, which the Ancient Slavs called Mirgard, made a revolution around the center of the Universe, having consistently visited all 16 “houses” - so many constellations were distinguished by the Slavs, in contrast to the Chinese star calendar with its only 12 Houses-constellations.

What year is it for the Slavs now?

Now according to the Slavic Aryan calendar we live in the year 7523. The years are officially counted from the “Creation of the World in the Star Temple” - most sources say that there is a direct, not allegorical meaning here - this means the signing of a peace treaty between our Ancestors - representatives of the “Power of the Great Race” (Russia, Aryans) and “ Empire of the Great Dragon" (Modern China).

And the famous icon depicting, as they say, George the Victorious, killing the Dragon, actually illustrates those ancient events. Since China symbolizes the dragon or snake.

What were the months, weeks and hours like for the Slavs?

Slavic-Aryan calendar calculated based on the 16-digit number system.

Respectively, The Slavs' day consisted of 16 hours. They started in the evening. Each hour had its own name and was approximately equal to 90 minutes.

The month consisted of 40 days, and was called the fortieth month. (A reflection of this is the tradition that has survived to this day to celebrate the 40th day by remembering the departed, which we have already written about separately, and 9 days exactly the same as it was Slavic week).

In addition, nine forties (months) - a whole summer (year) - is a complete cycle of our Earth’s revolution around Yarila (the Sun). Summer consisted of three seasons, three forties each - Spring, Winter, Autumn. Each fortieth day had its own name, and these names were very poetic and precise:

"Fortieth White Light"

"Fortieth Anniversary of the Awakening of Nature"

"Fortieth Sowing and Naming."

The weeks in the calendar of our Slavic ancestors, as I already said, consisted of nine days and were named after our planets solar system. There were even smaller parts of the measurement of time: hour, fraction, instant, moment, sig.

To understand and admire the wisdom of our ancestors, I will say that - 1 sig is approximately equal to 30 vibrations of the electromagnetic wave of a cesium atom, taken as the basis for modern atomic clock, and such a small fraction still does not exist in any clock in the world.

This fact alone shows how much those who seek to show our ancient ancestors as illiterate savages distort the truth!

Gregorian and Julian calendars

Julian calendar

Julian calendar was introduced by Gaius Julius Caesar himself, the great commander and ruler of Rome. And this happened in 45 BC. With the introduction of Christianity into Russia by Vladimir Svyatoslavovich, the Grand Duke, approximately in the year 1000, the Julian calendar also began to spread widely among the Slavic peoples and was used simultaneously with the Vedic one.

All holidays Orthodox Church calculated from that time to this day church monthly- Julian calendar.

Moreover, modern scientists astronomers recognized that the Julian calendar ( old style) is actually more astronomically accurate than the commonly used Gregorian ( new style), since there is less lag behind astronomical (natural) cycles.

Gregorian calendar. New and modern chronology

So, in the summer of 7208, Peter the Great issues a Decree, according to which, on the territory of Rus', all previously existing calendars are abolished and the new chronology will begin with the Nativity of Christ, which was then the year 1700.

Why is New Year on January 1st

The beginning of the year began to be celebrated on January 1, instead of the magical day of the autumn Equinox, as was the case among the Slavs. This calendar is called the Gregorian calendar in honor of Pope Gregory 13, and is valid in Europe and other countries former USSR and in many other countries of the world, for the convenience of people.

Have you ever wondered why the beginning of the year is celebrated on January 1? December 24th all Catholic world celebrates Christmas - the birthday of the baby Jesus. It is from this day that the current calendar begins.

Jesus was a Jew, and on the 8th day the Jews celebrate the rite of circumcision of male infants. This day became the transition from the old year to the new year! It’s amazing that every year, gathering with loved ones for New Year's table, we celebrate the Jewish rite of circumcision of the baby Jesus! But the interesting thing is that in fact the Jews themselves have their own Jewish calendar and widely use it.

Hebrew or Jewish calendar

The chronology according to the Jewish calendar is carried out from the creation of the world by the Lord. Which, according to the beliefs of the Jews, happened on October 7, 3761 BC - which is called Era from Adam.

The Jewish calendar is lunisolar. That is both celestial bodies influence the length of the year. The average year is approximately equal to the Gregorian year, but sometimes the values ​​can fluctuate, and the difference is 30-40 days.

Another interesting point– The Jewish calendar does not consist of numbers, but the letters of the alphabet are used. And it is read from right to left, like all books in Hebrew. Each month of the Jewish calendar has a zodiac sign.

Since ancient times, it has been customary to designate the 12 signs of the zodiac with the symbols of its constellations. The months have been counted since spring, but The New Year begins in the fall and is called Rosh Hashanah. In the evening, when three stars are visible in the sky, a new day begins.

Islamic calendar

Most countries whose dominant religion is Islam have their own calendar - Islamic or Hijra. It is used both for religious purposes and as a primary time teller.

Islamic is purely lunar calendar. The beginning of the month is the new moon, the week also consists of seven days, but the day off is Friday, there are 12 months in a year.

Muslims calculate chronology from the year when the Prophet Muhammad made the Hajj from Mecca to Medina (this was July 16, 622 according to the Gregorian calendar).

What year is it now according to the Islamic calendar?

Therefore, the Muslim New Year begins on the 1st of the month of Muharram. October 26, 2014 according to the Gregorian calendar came 1436 according to the Islamic calendar.

The Islamic New Year is not a holiday in our understanding. The night before, it is best for the faithful to fast, and on the evening Spend as much time as possible every day in prayer and good deeds in the name of the Almighty.

Eastern or Chinese calendar

In most countries of the Asian world, despite the official use of the Gregorian calendar, the majority of the population uses a chronology system created several thousand years ago (approximately 3 thousand years BC) during the reign of Emperor Huang Di.

And him distinctive feature is that it is both solar and lunar. That is, all months begin with the beginning of the new Moon.

When is Chinese New Year 2015?

New Year's Eve Eastern calendar celebrated on the second new moon after the winter solstice is between January 21 and February 21. And the New Year is a big and noisy holiday, with bright lights, firecrackers, festive processions and a lot of noise.

The Chinese chronology system is based on astronomical cycles Sun, Earth, Moon, Jupiter and Saturn. The 60-year cycle includes the 12-year Jupiter and 30-year Saturn cycles.

The ancient Asians and the creators of this chronology system believed that the normal movement of Jupiter brings happiness, benefits and virtues.

They divided the path of Jupiter into twelve equal parts and gave them the name of a certain animal, thus the peoples of Asia created solar-Jupiter 12-year calendar cycle.

There is a legend according to which, when Buddha decided to celebrate the first New Year, he invited all the animals living on earth. However, only 12 came to the holiday. Then Buddha, as a gift, decided to give their names to the years, so that every person born in the year of a certain animal would acquire the character traits of this animal, both good and bad.

For example, now, December 11, 2014, is the year of the Blue Wooden Horse, and from February 19, 2015 will mark the beginning of the Year of the Blue Wooden Goat.

Thai calendar

When travelers come to the countries of the south for the first time - eastern Asia. They are amazed to see that the expiration date on product packaging has long since passed the middle of the third millennium.

What year is it in Thailand?

This is true, in the Kingdom of Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and some other countries, the year 2558 will come in 2015! In these countries and among many Buddhists, chronology is kept from the day of Buddha Shakyamuni's passing into nirvana. Welcome to the future!

Moreover, almost every world religion created its own calendar, based on events that people wanted to immortalize. So, for example, representatives of a fairly widespread religion at present - the Baha'is - created their own calendar.

Baha'i calendar

Baha'i calendar given time synchronized for convenience with Gregorian. It was originally introduced by the Báb. Nowruz – the first day of the New Year is celebrated on spring equinox(March 20-22).

The Baha'i calendar is based on solar year, including 365 days, 5 hours and 50 additional minutes. In the Bahá'í calendar, the year consists of 19 months of 19 days each (i.e., a total of 361 days) with the addition of four (in leap year- five) days.

Celtic calendar (Irish)

Used it for a long time in the North - Scandinavian countries namely the Irish calendar, as well as in modern Ireland. The year was divided into four seasons. There are 13 months and one day in a year. The months are synchronized according to the lunar cycle. The names of the months correspond to the vowels of Ogham - the Celtic tree alphabet.

That is, this is the famous Druid calendar - very complex system, where time calculation takes into account both lunar and solar cycles.

Tree names were given to periods of time approximately equal to our months. The biggest holidays were the days of the equinox and solstices. However, modern researchers are engaged in heated debate regarding the Celtic calendar. Many scholars believe that information about the Druid Calendar is based on the misconception of several authors whose works have become too widespread.

We do not undertake to judge, we just want to introduce the reader to some existing or existing chronology systems.

In an article devoted to world chronology systems, it is impossible to remain silent about the famous “Mayan Calendar”.

Mayan calendar

Popularization of knowledge about Indian tribes We owe the Maya, not least to the mystic and novelist Frank Waters - the author of many novels and the ancient Mayan civilizations - the centuries-old inhabitants of Central America.

The main book about the Mayan calendar, which also touches on the predictions of the ancient Mayan astrologers, was “The Book of the Hopi”. No less important role played “The Mysticism of Mexico: The Advent of the Sixth Age of Consciousness” - this is an unusual mixture of Mayan and Aztec philosophy, where the author suggested that the end of the Mayan calendar will be the backdrop for the transformation spiritual consciousness people all over the world.

However, people chose to simplify the information presented in the book, perhaps for the sake of sensation, perhaps due to misunderstanding. This is how the legend was born, according to which the Mayan Indians predicted the end of the world in 2012, and the Mayan calendar ended on this date.

Scientific researchers of this ancient artifact on the contrary, they say that the Mayan calendar has not yet been deciphered! The information contained in it may not even belong to the Mayan civilization, but is much older. And scientists all over the world are working on the code for this calendar.

Almost any calendar is a mathematical system, Russian mathematician Vladimir Pakhomov published a book: “ The calendar is a coded message", which simply excited public opinion.

The fact is that the author, with the help of knowledge of mathematical laws, was able to present the calendar as a numerical mathematical matrix. With the help of which you can “decipher” the messages contained in ancient calendars. The scientist is sure that these messages hide knowledge that was preserved for us by our ancient ancestors who came from distant planets.

But whether this is true or not, today we will not tell you, since this is a separate and very long story, which we will gradually tell about over time on our training and self-development portal. And today we say goodbye to you, we wish you to have a good New Year, no matter what calendar and chronology system you use, and next time we will tell you how it is customary to celebrate the New Year among other peoples of the world.

Calculation: what is it? Chronology is a system of counting time (in days, weeks, months, years), starting from a specific event. The chronology could differ among different peoples and religions. This can be explained by the fact that various events were taken as the starting point. However, today one chronology system has been officially established throughout the world, which is used in all countries and on all continents.

Calculation of chronology in Rus'

The chronology in Rus' was carried out according to the calendar adopted by Byzantium. As you know, after the adoption of Christianity in the tenth century AD, the year of the creation of the world was chosen as the starting point. To be more precise, this day is the day when the first man, Adam, was created. This happened on the first of March 5508 AD. And in Rus', the beginning of spring was long considered the beginning of the year.

Reform of Peter the Great

The old chronology “from the creation of the world” was changed by Emperor Peter the Great to the chronology from the Nativity of Christ. this was done from the first of January 1700 (or in 7208 "from the creation of the world"). Why did they change the calendar? It is believed that Peter the Great did this for convenience, to synchronize time with Europe. European countries have long lived according to the system “from the Nativity of Christ”. And since the emperor did a lot of business with Europeans, this step was quite appropriate. After all, the difference in years in Europe and in Russian Empire at that time was 5508 years!

The Old Russian chronology, thus, differed from the modern one in the reference point of time. And the chronology before the Nativity of Christ was called the chronology “from the creation of the world.”

How it all started

When did chronology begin? There is evidence that in 325 AD the first council of Christian bishops took place. It was they who decided that chronology should be carried out from the creation of the world. The reason for this countdown was the need to know when to celebrate Easter. The date of creation of the world was proposed based on considerations and reasoning about the life of Jesus Christ.

After the Council of Bishops, the Roman Empire adopted this chronology. And after a couple of hundred years, it was proposed to switch to chronology from the Nativity of Christ. This idea was expressed by Dionysius the Small, a Roman monk, in 532. It is not known exactly when Jesus was born, but it happened around the second or fourth year of our era. It was from this year that the countdown of time began, which is now called from the Nativity of Christ. This point separates the new era (ours) from the past (designations AD and BC, respectively).

But the world took a long time to switch to new option countdown. This took about half a millennium, and for Russia - more than a thousand years. The transition was gradual, so often the year “from the creation of the world” was also indicated in brackets.

Aryan chronology and Slavic chronology

The chronology of the Aryans was carried out from the creation of the world, that is, different from what existed in the world. But the Aryans did not believe that the world was created precisely in 5508 BC. In their opinion, the starting point was the year when peace was concluded between the Slavic-Aryans and the Arima (ancient Chinese tribes). Another name for this chronology is the Creation of the World in the Star Temple. After the victory over the Chinese, a symbol appeared - a rider on a white horse killing a dragon. The latter in this case symbolized China, which was defeated.

Old Slavic chronology was carried out according to Daariysky Krugolet Chisloboga. You can read more about this calendar in the corresponding article. After the reform of Peter the Great, they began to say that “he stole 5508 years from the Slavs.” In general, the emperor’s innovation was not found positive feedback from the Slavs, they resisted him for a long time. But the chronology of the ancient Slavs and their calendar were prohibited. Today, only Old Believers and Ynglings use them.

The chronology according to the Slavic calendar had its own interesting features:

• The Slavs had only three seasons: spring, autumn, winter. By the way, the ancient Slavs called the whole year “summer”.
• It was nine months.
• There were forty or forty-one days in the month.

Thus, the chronology of the ancient Slavs, who were pagans, ran counter to the generally accepted Christian one. After all, many Slavs, even having accepted Christian faith, continued to remain pagans. They were faithful to their worldviews and did not accept chronology “from the Nativity of Christ.”

The chronology became a reflection of religion, which occupied and continues to occupy a dominant position in the state, in society, in the world. Christianity today is practiced by more than thirty percent of the world's population. It is not surprising that the Birth of Christ was chosen as its beginning. It has also become convenient to distinguish the past era from the new. Peter, having changed the chronology system in Rus', made it possible to coordinate all the activities of the country with the rest of the world. It is difficult to imagine that today there would be a gap between countries of more than five and a half thousand years! Also positive thing What common to all chronology is convenience in the study of history and other sciences.

Calculation errors. The story is fake.

Modern chronology by the world community is carried out according to the Gregorian calendar, which records the years from the Nativity of Christ. Before this, each significant territorial-ethnic group had its own accounting of dates; there is also a Slavic calendar from the creation of the world, which was in use in Rus' in pre-Petrine times.

The Nativity of Christ seemed to be the main event that determined the course of world history; it was from him that the countdown of the new era began. What we now call the “old style” of chronology is just an old version of the same Christian calendar, or Julian, which was in use in Russia until 1918. Every year we remember the “old style” date when we celebrate the “old” New Year. Dates church holidays in Orthodoxy they are also determined according to the Julian calendar.

We also monitor the change of years according to the Japanese, Chinese, and Thai calendars. This is the heritage of our common human culture and it must be remembered. But why was the chronology and calendar of the Slavs so quickly forgotten?

How did the ancient Slavs calculate chronology?

The most ancient tradition of calculating the chronology of the Slavic peoples is considered to be the Daariy Krugolet of Chislobog, which was in use in Rus' not so long ago. The transition to a new calendar was carried out by the great Russian reformer Peter I, who by decree introduced the beginning of a new calculation starting from January 1, 1700, ordering the introduction of a secular celebration of the New Year. The old calendar was forced out of circulation by force; now it is used only by Old Believers who profess the traditions of Ingliism, considered the most ancient Slavic-Aryan faith.

The transition to the “European” calendar was beneficial from the point of view of integration into the European community. But Peter I was a decisive reformer; to speed up the process, he used tough measures, decisively cutting off everything that is now commonly called “relics of the past.” Along with the remnants, five and a half thousand years of our history also disappeared into oblivion.

That year in Rus' it was Summer 7208 from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple. ‘’But you need to clearly understand that the Slavic calendar from the creation of the world is not based on the mythical or alleged creation of the world by God or the Creator. It's about oh quite real event, which took place in the year 5508 BC. In that year, the year of the “Star Temple” according to the Chisloborg Circle, a peace treaty (“The World was Created”) was signed after the victory of the Power of the Great Race (territory modern Russia) over the Great Dragon Empire (China). ‘’

Since those ancient and glorious times, we have inherited a symbol - a rider on a white horse, killing a dragon with a spear, one of the most revered symbols in Rus'. IN Christian tradition this symbol is associated with the name of St. George the Victorious.

From what event is chronology based?

A change in the method of chronology always begins with a significant epoch-making event. This was the signing of a peace treaty between two great powers. How was chronology carried out before this? From other early significant events, indicating this event. So, when the third millennium recently began New era, then using other bindings you can define this as dates, for example:

• 2004 AD;
• 7512 years from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple;
• 13012 summer from the Great Cooling;
• 111810 years from the Great Migration from Daria;
• 142994 years from the Three Moons period;
• 604378 years from the Time of the Three Suns.

When tied to modern chronology and the official historical period, these dates look truly fantastic. But we must remember that the ancient cultural heritage The earth has written and material monuments, including the Slavic-Aryan Vedas, which mention even longer historical periods time.

To take them literally or to try to recalculate them to today's calendar, taking into account (possible) changes in the Earth's rotation period or the tilt of its axis, is a matter of archaeological and paleo-astronomical research.

What is the role of Cyril and Methodius

It is quite obvious that keeping a calendar can only be done in writing. Otherwise, it would be impossible to transmit such a voluminous array of information. Writing in Rus', of course, existed in pre-Petrine times, and Peter, soon after the calendar reform, also undertook a writing reform. But we are interested in writing before the period of Cyril and Methodius. Role Greek monks in this case, it is very likely somewhat overestimated. Their task was to simplify and universalize the dissemination of biblical texts, which they accomplished quite well by reworking the ancient Slavic alphabet, removing unique diphthongs and adding ancient Greek symbols.

As for the calendar, in the Slavic chronology letters were used to write numbers. ‘’Now most Slavic peoples have their own in the writing and pronunciation of symbols own nuances, but the “birthday of Slavic writing”, associated with the annual days of “Cyril and Methodius”, would be more correctly called differently. After all Slavic writing existed before that, and their merit as reformers, rather, was in an attempt to unite the Slavic peoples who had been separated by that time. ‘’

Ancient Slavic calculus in modern times

History, as we know, does not accept subjunctive mood. It is impossible to speculate about what would have happened and how the circle would have turned if Peter had not decisively cut off all the centuries-old Slavic traditions and destroying ancient calendar Slavs There is an opinion that the calculation of events that occurred before 1700 must be carried out according to the system of calculation in which they occurred.

Or indicating an additional date, as, for example, is still used when dating events before 1918 (reform to switch to the Gregorian calendar). By at least, this could be indicated in history textbooks or specialized literature. Some significant dates for example:

• Ice battle on Lake Peipus happened in 1242, and in Rus' at that time it was the summer of 6759;
• The baptism of Kyiv dates back to 988 A.D., while the summer of 6496 was in progress.

This does not mean at all that all dates should be recalculated to the era from the Creation of the World in the Star Temple, but we need to remember our cultural heritage and be proud of it.

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